Oridonin exhibits anti-angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inhibiting VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 signaling pathway

Oridonin has been found to be a potential anti-angiogenesis agent. However, its functional targets and the underlying mechanisms are still vague. In vitro studies we found that oridonin not only inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration and tube formation but also caused G2/M phase arrest and triggered cellular apoptosis in HUVECs. In mechanistic studies revealed that oridonin exhibited the anti-angiogenic potency, at least in part, through the down-regulation of VEGFR2-mediated FAK/MMPs, mTOR/PI3K/Akt and ERK/p38 signaling pathways which led to reduced invasion, migration, and tube formation in HUVECs. Our results could provide evidence that oridonin exerts strong anti-angiogenesis activities via specifically targeting VEGFR2 and its signaling pathway.     

Photopatterning of vascular endothelial growth factor within collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds can induce a spatially confined response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Biomolecular signals within the native extracellular matrix are complex, with bioactive factors found in both soluble and sequestered states. In the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications it is increasingly clear that new approaches are required to locally tailor the biomolecular environment surrounding cells within the matrix. One area of particular focus is strategies to improve the speed or quality of vascular ingrowth and remodeling. While the addition of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to improve vascular response, strategies to immobilize such signals within a biomaterial offer the opportunity to optimize efficiency and to explore spatially defined patterning of such signals. Here we describe the use of benzophenone (BP) photolithography to decorate three-dimensional collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds with VEGF in a spatially defined manner. In this effort we demonstrate functional patterning of a known agonist of vascular remodeling and directly observe phenotypic effects induced by this immobilized cue. VEGF was successfully patterned in both stripes and square motifs across the scaffold with high specificity (on:off pattern signal). The depth of patterning was determined to extend up to 500 μm into the scaffold microstructure. Notably, photopatterned VEGF retained native functionality as it was shown to induce morphological changes in human umbilical vein cells indicative of early vasculogenesis. Immobilized VEGF led to greater cell infiltration into the scaffold and the formation of immature vascular network structures. Ultimately, these results suggest that BP-mediated photolithography is a facile method to spatially control the presentation of instructive biological cues to cells within CG scaffolds.     

Culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on immobilized vascular endothelial growth factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immobilized on substrata in photoreactive gelatin to control the adhesion and growth of vascular endothelial cells. The gelatin and VEGF were mixed in water and cast on a polystyrene dish or a silane-coated glass plate. The surface was then photoirradiated in the presence or absence of a photomask and washed. Toughness of the immobilized material was confirmed by ethanol treatment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) grew on the immobilized VEGF but not on a nontreated surface. Growth of HUVEC increased significantly with an increase in the amount of immobilized VEGF, and the effects were inhibited by treatment with anti-VEGF antibody. Thus, immobilized VEGF specifically interacted with HUVECs to permit growth in culture. Micropatterning of HUVEC cultures was also achieved using micropattern-immobilized VEGF. This patterning technique may be useful for the formation of blood vessel networks in vitro.     

DAPT在ox-LDL损伤HUVECs过程中的细胞保护作用

目的:探究γ-分泌酶抑制剂N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester(DAPT)在氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)模型中的细胞保护作用及其对Notch信号通路的调控。方法:体外培养HUVECs,用oxLDL处理HUVECs构建细胞损伤模型。实验分为对照组、ox-LDL处理组、DAPT处理组和DAPT+ox-LDL处理组。用倒置相差显微镜观察不同处理方法下细胞的形态变化;CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;Western blot法检测蛋白Notch1、Notch4和Jagged1的表达情况。结果:体外培养HUVECs,倒置相差显微镜下发现ox-LDL处理组细胞死亡和碎片增多,经DAPT预处理后,ox-LDL作用造成的细胞损伤死亡较少,细胞碎片较少。通过CCK-8法检测发现ox-LDL处理组细胞存活率降低,DAPT处理组细胞存活率升高,DAPT预处理后ox-LDL造成存活率降低的幅度变小。在ox-LDL作用下,Notch1和Jagged1蛋白表达量降低,Notch4表达量升高;而DAPT作用下Notch1和Jagged1表达量升高,Notch4表达量降低;ox-LDL与DAPT共同作用时蛋白接近正常水平。结论:ox-LDL对HUVECs具有损伤作用;DAPT减轻ox-LDL对HUVECs造成的损伤;DAPT保护HUVECs免受ox-LDL损伤的作用与Notch信号通路有关。     

Enterovirus infection and activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Gastrointestinal tract associated lymphoid tissue is considered to be the main replication site for enteroviruses. In order to invade tissues to reach pancreatic islets, cardiac muscles, and other secondary replication sites, the virus has to survive circulation in the blood and find a way to get through endothelial cells. In the present study, the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to infections caused by human parechovirus 1 and several prototype strains of enteroviruses, representing different species (human poliovirus, human enterovirus B and C), and acting through different receptor families was examined. Primary endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical vein by collagenase perfusion and also an established human endothelial cell line, HUVEC, were used. Primary endothelial cells were highly susceptible to several serotypes of enteroviruses (coxsackievirus A13, echoviruses 6, 7, 11, 30, and poliovirus 1). However, coxsackievirus A 9 and echovirus 1 infected only a few individual cells while human parechovirus 1 and coxsackie B viruses did not show evidence of replication in primary endothelial cells. In general, primary endothelial cells were more sensitive to infection-induced cytolytic effect than HUVEC. Activation of endothelial cells by interleukin-1beta did not change the pattern of enterovirus infection. Immunofluorescence stainings of infected primary endothelial cells showed that expression of activation markers, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, was clearly increased by several virus infections and the former molecule also by exposing cells to UV-light inactivated coxsackieviruses. In contrast, human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was not increased by virus infection.     

CHK1抑制剂SCH900776抑制胶质瘤细胞U251的增殖及迁移

目的:本研究以胶质瘤细胞U251为实验用细胞株,探讨细胞周期检测点激酶1(CHK1)抑制剂SCH900776对其增殖及迁移的影响。方法:MTT法和细胞集落形成实验观察SCH900776对细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术分析SCH900776对细胞周期分布的影响;划痕实验观察SCH900776对细胞迁移的影响;Western blot实验检测相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:SCH900776能够明显抑制U251细胞的增殖,诱导细胞发生S期或G2/M期阻滞,同时下调细胞分裂周期蛋白2(Cdc2)和p-Cdc2的水平;SCH900776对细胞迁移表现出明显的抑制作用;Western blot结果表明,SCH900776可升高p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)的磷酸化水平,同时抑制蛋白激酶B(Akt)的磷酸化激活。结论:CHK1抑制剂SCH900776能够抑制胶质瘤细胞U251的增殖与迁移,其机制可能与其激活p38MAPK和抑制Akt活性相关。     

氟伐他汀对C反应蛋白诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达细胞见黏附分子-1的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法进行HUVECs原代培养,取第3~6代进行实验。分别以5、10、50和100mg/L浓度CRP作用HUVECs,分别作用6、12和24h,同时用氟伐他汀10-8、10-7、10-6和10-5mol/L浓度进行干预。用ELISA法测ICAM-1蛋白含量,RT-PCR测ICAM-1 mRNA表达。结果HUVECs对照组有少量ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达;CRP组ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达明显增强(P<0.01),且ICAM-1蛋白表达呈浓度和时间依赖性增加(P<0.01);氟伐他汀组ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达明显减弱(P<0.01),且氟伐他汀抑制CRP诱导的ICAM-1蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论氟伐他汀可能通过抑制CRP诱导ICAM-1产生,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化形成的作用。     

MicroRNA-145 suppresses cell migration and invasion by targeting paxillin in human colorectal cancer cells

A number of cancers show increased expression of paxillin which plays a central role in tumor progression, including colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms causing paxillin upregulation remains unclear. In our study, bioinformatics analyses suggested that paxillin is predicted to be a direct target of miR-145. We firstly identified paxillin as a new target of miR-145 and demonstrated that miR-145 inhibits paxillin expression by binding to the paxillin mRNA 3’UTR. Therefore, we assume overexpression of paxillin induced by suppression of miR-145 may promote cell migration and invasion. We detected the expression of paxillin and miR-145 in human colorectal cancer tissues by real-time quantitative PCR. Higher expression of paxillin and lower expression of miR-145 was observed in colorectal cancer tissues than corresponding paracancerous tissue. Moreover, the expression of paxillin was negatively correlated with miR-145 expression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm that paxillin was a direct target of miR-145. In CRC cell lines, overexpression of miR-145 could downregulate paxillin protein expression levels, and ectopic overexpression of miR-145 mimics or inhibitor could inhibit or promote cell migration, invasion, proliferation and clone formation in vitro. Taken together, these data suggested that miR-145 plays a pivotal role in colon cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation migration and invasion, and miR-145 may serve as a tumor suppressor by targeting paxillin gene.     

人脐带血内皮祖细胞与血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子共培养及其增殖和迁移能力

背景：目前组织工程心脏瓣膜再内皮化种子细胞主要来源于成熟内皮细胞,内皮祖细胞作为内皮细胞的前体细胞越来越受到人们的关注。 目的：分离和扩增人脐带血内皮祖细胞,观测其体外生物学特性。 方法：密度梯度离心法分离新鲜的脐血中单个核细胞,在含血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的培养液中培养扩增,通过形态学、免疫荧光和流式细胞仪等对贴壁细胞进行鉴定;并与脐静脉内皮细胞进行增殖和迁移能力比较。 结果与结论：随着培养和诱导时间延长,贴壁细胞形态发生明显的改变,从小圆形变成梭形,逐渐分化成典型成熟内皮细胞的鹅卵石样形态,并可形成特征性的克隆;体外诱导7 d后90%以上贴壁细胞呈Dil-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-I双阳性;贴壁细胞流式细胞仪分析显示：培养7 d的细胞VEGFR-2、CD34和CD133表达分别占(77.4±4.9)%、(52.4±6.6)%和(19.4±2.1)%,培养28 d的细胞VEGFR-2和CD34表达分别占(81.1±7.4)%和(7.6±3.1)%,而未检测到CD133表达;人内皮祖细胞增殖和迁移能力明显高于人脐静脉内皮细胞(P < 0.05),并且细胞数量可扩增达10⁹ L^-1。结果显示用密度梯度离心法和贴壁筛选法,可从人脐带血分离、纯化内皮祖细胞;内皮祖细胞可诱导分化为内皮细胞,增殖和迁移能力都很强。     

干扰人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞 MK表达对内皮细胞增殖、迁移及脉管形成的影响

目的：观察干扰乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞中期因子( midkine, MK)表达对内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、脉管形成能力的变化,分析MK在肿瘤血管形成中的作用。方法采用shRNA法降低人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞MK的表达,通过RT-PCR及Western blot法检测MK干扰效果,实验分为MK干扰组、空载体组及对照组;采用制备肿瘤条件培养基模拟肿瘤微环境培养HUVECs细胞,通过CCK-8法检测各组内皮细胞增殖能力、Transwell小室检测内皮细胞迁移能力、Matrigel检测内皮细胞脉管形成能力。结果与对照组及空载体组相比,MK干扰组细胞的增殖、迁移及脉管形成能力均明显降低(P<0．05)。结论干扰乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞MK的表达可抑制内皮细胞增殖、迁移、脉管形成能力,提示MK可能在肿瘤血管形成中起重要作用。     

尼古丁对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡及坏死的影响

目的不同浓度尼古丁对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）凋亡及坏死的影响。方法用CD34以免疫组织化学法鉴定HUVECs。通过3种不同浓度的尼古丁（3、30、300 ng/ml）刺激HUVECs 24 h后,用流式细胞仪检测其凋亡及坏死率。结果低浓度尼古丁促进细胞凋亡最强,而随着尼古丁浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率反而逐渐降低,各组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;此外,随着尼古丁浓度增加,细胞坏死率也日益增多,各组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。细胞坏死率与尼古丁浓度呈正相关（r=0.675）。结论尼古丁对HUVECs凋亡的影响具有浓度依赖性,细胞坏死率与尼古丁浓度呈正相关。     

灯盏花乙素干预缺血再灌注损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子与蛋白激酶Cε的表达

背景：有关灯盏花乙素的研究多集中在神经细胞、神经元及平滑肌细胞上,但对血管内皮细胞的作用研究尚少。 目的：观察灯盏花乙素预处理后对人脐静脉内皮细胞缺血再灌注损伤后血管内皮生长因子与蛋白激酶Cε表达的影响。 方法：体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞,分别设立对照组,模型组和及灯盏花乙素高、中、低剂量组。将人脐静脉内皮细胞予缺氧缺糖3 h/复氧糖5或24 h;灯盏花乙素高、中、低剂量组分别加1×10^-5,1×10^-6,1×10^-7 mol/L灯盏花乙素孵育30 min,然后予缺血再灌注处理。实验结束后取细胞裂解液用Western blot检测血管内皮生长因子、蛋白激酶Cε的蛋白表达。 结果与结论：缺血3 h再灌注5及24 h,较对照组,模型组血管内皮生长因子的表达降低,细胞颗粒部分蛋白激酶Cε的表达明显增加。灯盏花乙素能促进缺血3 h再灌注5 h人脐静脉内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达,尤其以灯盏花乙素高剂量和中剂量组明显,但对蛋白激酶Cε的表达没有影响。     

Wnt信号通路抑制剂对人神经胶质瘤细胞增殖活力和生长迁移的影响

目的:探讨Wnt信号通路在胶质瘤细胞增殖和生长迁移中的可能作用。方法:建立U251胶质瘤细胞培养体系、并给予不同浓度Wnt信号通路的抑制剂(IWR-1 0,2.5,5.0,10μmol/L)处理后,MTT测定增殖活力、划痕实验测定生长迁移、Western Blot测定Wnt5a、β-catenin蛋白表达水平,分析IWR-1的生物作用与效应途径。结果:MTT表明胶质瘤细胞的IWR-1 5.0、10μmol/L处理24 h、48 h组,细胞增殖活力显著低于对照组(P0.05~0.01)。划痕检测表明IWR-1 5.0、10μmol/L处理48 h组胶质瘤细胞的生长迁移能力低于对照组(P0.05~0.01)。Western Blot表明IWR-1处理48 h组胶质瘤细胞的β-catenin蛋白表达水平低于对照组(P0.05~0.01)。结论:Wnt信号抑制剂IWR-1能够明显抑制人胶质瘤细胞增殖和生长迁移,提示Wnt/β-catenin信号途径可能具有胶质瘤干预治疗靶点的潜在价值。     

髓磷脂碱性蛋白促进单个核细胞对内皮细胞的粘附效应

目的：探讨ＭＢＰ对外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）与人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）粘附性的影响,以揭示中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）炎症时ＰＢＭＮＣ进入ＣＮＳ的可能原因。方法：用细胞粘附试验,研究ＰＢＭＮＣ与ＨＵＶＥＣ的粘附性,用细胞免疫化学法、ＦＡＣＳ分别观察ＶＣＡＭ－１和ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达。结果：ＭＢＰ活化的ＰＢＭＮＣ与ＭＢＰ刺激的ＰＢＭＮＣ培养上清作用的ＨＵＶＥＣ的粘附性较对照有显著提高。ＩＣＡＭ＿１     

Adhesion and growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on collagen-treated PU/PEGDA IPNs

For ideal non-thrombogenicity under normal physiologic conditions, we propose endothelialization. Endothelialization means that synthetic biomaterials are seeded by endothelial cells to mimic natural blood vessels. In our study, we synthesized amphiphilic polyurethane (PU)/poly(ethyleneglycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with different levels of surface energy to investigate the effect of adhesion and the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Collagen with cell-binding molecules was adsorbed on the surface of PU/PEGDA IPNs to enhance the adhesion of HUVECs. The morphology of collagens adsorbed on the IPN surfaces depends highly on the surface energy of the IPNs. As the surface becomes hydrophilic, there is greater aggregation of the adsorbed collagens on the IPN surface. The HUVECs successfully adhere to the collagen-immobilized IPN surface. The morphology of the endothelial cells (ECs) that adhere to IPN 2k-C and IPN 2k after 1 day and after 3 days incubation shows that ECs were successfully spread. The adhesion and the proliferation of ECs increase on non-treated IPN surfaces as the hydrophobicity of the IPNs increases. The surface energy of IPN 2k-C is suitable for the adhesion and proliferation of ECs. Therefore, platelet adhesion is significantly reduced on the EC-hybridized surface of IPNs.     

Adhesion and growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on collagen-treated PU/PEGDA IPNs

For ideal non-thrombogenicity under normal physiologic conditions, we propose endothelialization. Endothelialization means that synthetic biomaterials are seeded by endothelial cells to mimic natural blood vessels. In our study, we synthesized amphiphilic polyurethane (PU)/poly(ethyleneglycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with different levels of surface energy to investigate the effect of adhesion and the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Collagen with cell-binding molecules was adsorbed on the surface of PU/PEGDA IPNs to enhance the adhesion of HUVECs. The morphology of collagens adsorbed on the IPN surfaces depends highly on the surface energy of the IPNs. As the surface becomes hydrophilic, there is greater aggregation of the adsorbed collagens on the IPN surface. The HUVECs successfully adhere to the collagen-immobilized IPN surface. The morphology of the endothelial cells (ECs) that adhere to IPN 2k-C and IPN 2k after 1 day and after 3 days incubation shows that ECs were successfully spread. The adhesion and the proliferation of ECs increase on non-treated IPN surfaces as the hydrophobicity of the IPNs increases. The surface energy of IPN 2k-C is suitable for the adhesion and proliferation of ECs. Therefore, platelet adhesion is significantly reduced on the EC-hybridized surface of IPNs.     

Effects of intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

Endothelial cells (ECs) do more than just play a role in distinguishing blood and tissues. These cells are also influenced by various chemical mediators present in the blood and tissues. In addition, they produce diverse cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Therefore, ECs are actively involved in the inflammatory and immune response. We investigated the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone (MP) on activated human ECs, by examining the individual and combined effects of the drugs. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) obtained from the umbilical cords of healthy newborns were cultured. After the HUVECs were treated with interleukin (IL)-1beta, the effects of IVIG and/or MP on the activated HUVECs were assessed by cell proliferation, mRNA expression, and the production of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, IL-1beta, and vascular EC growth factor (VEGF). IVIG and MP inhibited HUVEC proliferation. IVIG and MP significantly down regulated mRNA expression and the production of VCAM-1, IL-1beta, and VEGF. The combination of IVIG and MP generally showed a greater suppressive effect on mRNA expression and on the production of VCAM-1, IL-1beta, and VEGF. Our results suggest that some of the corticosteroid-sparing effects of IVIG observed in patients with severe asthma could be related to a decreased ability of ECs to proliferate, and to a down regulation of the expression of molecules involved in the onset and progression of airway inflammation.