乳腺显像装置在99Tcm-MIBI乳腺显像中的多中心应用

目的：探讨乳腺显像装置对^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）乳腺显像诊断乳腺肿块的价值。方法：多医疗中心采用广东省人民医院设计的乳腺显像装置行^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像，采用特殊俯卧位检查。721例受检查^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像结果均与病理检查资料对照。其中行B超检查137例，红外线检查86例，针吸细胞学检查112例。结果：^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像、B超、红外线检查、针吸细胞学检查对乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度分别为92．28％、75．44％、69．44％、80．90％，特异性分别为87．0％、75．00％、54．00％、100％。结论：应用该显像装置的^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像对诊断乳腺肿块有较高的灵敏度和特异性。     

乳腺癌及腋淋巴结转移^99Tc^m—tetrofosmin与^99Tc^m—MIBI显像的对比研究

目的 研究^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像诊断乳腺癌和腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法 对52例乳腺肿瘤患者进行^99Tc^m-tetrofosmint和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。患者均为2周内行外科手术治疗,并做病理检查。结果 26例患者病理检查证实为乳腺癌,其中30例为良性病变。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像发现乳腺癌21例,其中11例合并腋淋巴结转移;^99Tc^m-MIBI显像发现乳腺癌19例,其中12例合并腋淋巴结转移。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为80．8％、76．7％、78．6％和73．1％、73．3％、73．2％;诊断腋淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为68．8％、80．0％、76．0％和75．0％、80．0％、76．9％。结论 ^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像对乳腺癌的检出优于^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。     

^99Tc^m-MIBI显像检测乳腺癌P-糖蛋白

探讨了乳腺癌多药耐药的主要机制和^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT检测P-糖蛋白在多药耐药中的研究进展。作为一种功能显像技术，^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT能够无创伤性检测乳腺癌多药耐药，为临床治疗提供参考。     

^99Tc^m-MIBI显像在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的应用

^99Tc^m-MIBI(^99Tc^m-sestamibi)作为亲肿瘤显像剂，对头颈部恶性肿瘤及其颈部淋巴结转移、邻近颅骨受累的诊断有较高的灵敏度、特异性和准确性，在头颈部肿瘤的诊断和分期等方面有良好的应用前景。     

飞行员心肌灌注显像中俯卧位采集对下壁衰减的校正

^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像是一项灵敏度高、特异性强的诊断冠心病的无创性检查方法。自从90年代应用于临床以来，以其显著的优点而得到广泛应用，尤其是在空勤体检中，心肌灌注显像已成为诊断飞行员冠心病的重要手段之一。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤伴甲状腺腺瘤99Tcm-MIBI显像一例

^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状旁腺平面显像诊断甲状旁腺腺瘤有2种阳性显像图，即甲状腺下缘型——单侧甲状腺下极外见浓聚灶和甲状腺腺体型——一侧甲状腺腺内见放射性浓聚灶，前者多见，后者少见。^99Tc^m-MIBI是一种亲肿瘤显像剂，可被甲状旁腺腺瘤和甲状腺腺瘤摄取。因此，鉴别甲状腺腺体型的甲状旁腺腺瘤与甲状腺腺瘤是避免误诊的关键。笔者报道一例罕见甲状旁腺腺瘤伴甲状腺腺瘤的^99Tc^m-MIBI显像结果，供读者参考。     

99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性再认识

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状腺亲肿瘤显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。方法106例甲状腺结节手术患者中101例先进行了甲状腺结节常^99Tc^mO4^-显像；106例患者均静脉注射^99Tc^m-MIBI 370 MBq后进行15min早期和2h延迟显像，结果与病理检查结果对比。结果13例甲状腺恶性肿瘤中的5例、93例良性结节中的23例^99Tc^m-MIBI显像阳性。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为38．5％，特异性为75．3％，准确性为70．8％。甲状腺良恶性肿瘤显像的阳性率差异无显著性（x^2=0．49，P〉0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像不能鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性，其临床意义有限。     

99 Tcm-MIBI SPECT在原发性鼻咽癌诊断、放疗后残余或复发监测中的应用

目的：评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)SPECT显像对原发性鼻咽癌的诊断和鼻咽癌放疗后局部残余或复发的鉴别价值。方法：20例经病理检查证实的原发性鼻咽癌患者于治疗前、放疗后3和6个月分别行^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像，与同期CT和(或)MRI结果对照，分别计算肿瘤或正常鼻咽部与头皮的放射性计数比值，作为^99Tc^m-MIBI摄取指数(MUI)。以接受器工作特性(ROC)曲线确定MUI判别阈值。以鼻咽部内镜检查、病理活组织检查及18个月的临床随访资料作为鼻咽癌残余或复发的依据。结果以MUI≥2．15为阳性标准，^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT显像诊断原发性鼻咽癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确性均为95％。以MUI≥1．32为阳性标准，^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像监测鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度为3／4例，特异性93．8％，准确性90．0％。CT和(或)MRI监测鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度为3／4例，特异性81．3％，准确性80．0％。^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT显像与CT和(或)MRI联合鉴别鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为2／2例、92．9％和93．8％。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像对确定鼻咽癌原发灶范围有一定价值；与CT和(或)MRI联合，可提高对放疗后鼻咽癌残余或复发的早期诊断效能。     

99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈显像在白血病中的应用价值

白血病是一类造血干细胞克隆性恶性疾病,99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99Tcm-MIBI),作为一种肿瘤阳性显像剂,是诊断白血病的一种重要检查手段,特别是在探测白血病微小病灶、监测诱导化疗后的复发和检测白血病多药耐药性方面有重要作用.99Tcm-MIBI显像作为一种无创伤性的全身骨髓检查方法,对白血病的临床诊断有重要价值.     

99Tcm和67Ga心肌显像在小儿病毒性心肌炎中的应用

目的观察病毒性心肌炎(VMC)患儿^99Tc^m和^67Ga心肌显像的异同，探讨其在VMC中临床应用的可行性。方法VMC患儿32例和对照组10例健康儿童同时行^99Tc^m．甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)断层显像和^67Ca心肌显像。^99Tc^m-MIBI和^67Ga心肌显像的放射性摄取计分分别为0-3 ，并计算^67Ga显像心／肺(H/L)比值。结果①10例正常儿童^99Tc^m和^67Ga显像均未见异常。32例患儿中，^99Tc^m-MIBI断层显像阳性26例(81.3％)，^67Ga心肌显像阳性22例(68．8％)。②20例急性期VMC患儿中，^99Tc^m-MIBI断层显像阳性16例，^67Ga心肌显像阳性16例，两者诊断符合率达80％。③12例恢复期和慢性期VMC患儿，^99Tc^m-MIBI断层显像阳性10例，阳性率83％，与急性期相比差异无显著性。单纯慢性病变患儿^67Ga显像阳性率为40％，与急性期比较差异有显著性。恢复期和慢性期患儿^99Tc^m和^67Ga显像有3种情况：^99Tc^m和^67Ga显像皆阴性或皆阳性；^99Tc^m显像阳性而^67Ga显像阴性。结论^99Tc^m和^67Ga心肌显像在确定心肌损伤的部位、范围和程度的同时，可明确疾病的发展状况及其转归，具有重要的临床价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.