实验鼠无创生理信号监测系统设计

目的 研制一种实验鼠无创可穿戴生理信号监测系统,实现在生物医学和药学研究中,连续无创地监测实验鼠的生理信号.方法 系统由可穿戴终端、生理信号接收主机和监控软件组成.可穿戴终端采用无线微控制器CC2640R2F实现实验鼠心电图(ECG)、体温(BT)和运动量(AL)的采集与无线传输;生理信号接收主机通过低功耗蓝牙技术,接...     

飞船舱载医监设备软件系统的研制

目的研制一个能够实时采集、处理和传输心电、呼吸、体温、血压信号的软件系统,用于对飞船座舱内航天员生理信息的监测.方法在以单片机为核心构成的硬件平台上,由软件完成A/D转换,信号的实时处理、存储和传输.结果实现了对航天员心电、呼吸、体温和血压信号的实时采集;从心电数据中实时提取心率值;实现了生理数据的存储;并将实时存储生理数据和提取出的生理参数传送给飞船系统.结论该软件系统可以满足载人飞行医学监督的要求.     

一种基于薄膜压电传感器的床垫式无负荷睡眠监测系统

目的实现一种基于薄膜压电传感器的床垫式睡眠监测系统。方法通过高灵敏的薄膜压电传感器检测睡眠中心脏跳动、呼吸以及翻身等体动导致的压力变化,经数字信号处理后分离出心脏跳动、呼吸及体动波形,再进一步提取心率、呼吸率和体动次数等信息。通过对睡眠过程中心率、呼吸率及体动等信息的融合统计分析,用于睡眠质量评估。结果以智能手机为平台,实现基于薄膜压电传感器的床垫式睡眠监测系统,心率呼吸率计算误差在5以内。结论系统实现了无负荷睡眠过程中心率、呼吸和体动等参数检测,进行睡眠质量评估,可用于航天员训练中睡眠监测,也可推广应用于普通人群家庭睡眠质量监测。     

背心式呼吸感应体积描记系统设计

目的 为解决呼吸感应体积描记技术存在的高信噪比与低系统功耗之间的固有矛盾,并消除胸、腹信号耦合干扰,研发一种新型的呼吸感应体积描记技术,并以可穿戴技术的设计理念,设计出可穿戴式呼吸感应体积描记系统。方法 采用脉冲式分时激励的方案,在极短的时间内以极高的功率来依次轮流激励各传感线圈;设计了新型的传感线圈结构,将其嵌入背心中,实现了可穿戴式呼吸感应体积描记系统设计。结果获得了高信噪比（高激励功率）、低系统功耗的设计效果,消除了胸、腹信号之间的耦合干扰;背心式的系统设计,外形美观,使用方便,可用于长期动态测量使用。结论 该系统性能优良,达到了设计要求,经过标定能够实现通气量无创测量,用于睡眠医学研究能够有效发现睡眠呼吸暂停事件并鉴别类型。     

老年人健康监护系统研制

目的设计一种针对老年人日常健康监护的系统。方法构建一个基于现场可编程门列阵(fieldprogrammable gate array,FPGA)的实时多通道信号采集和处理系统。该系统涉及对生理参数检测传感器、GPS、加速计、电子罗盘、磁阻传感器等多通道数据的采集和处理。结果针对传感器类型的不同,实现了采样率、通信接口和波特率等不同参数的传感器控制,同时对获取的信号进行处理和传送,实现了体温、脉率、心电信号等生理参数的实时监测、用户定位以及跌倒检测等功能。结论该系统具有可便携性,功能丰富且可扩展性强,非常适用于社区或家庭式老年人健康监护。     

穿戴式健康监测设备的现状与未来

智能手机与移动通信技术的迅速发展,为穿戴式健康监测提供了发展机遇。穿戴式健康设备能够监测用户的重要生理信号,通过手机接入移动通信网或互联网进行数据远程传送或共享,从而实现医学监护并降低医疗成本。本文概述了穿戴式健康设备的发展现状,指出穿戴式医疗发展机遇与风险挑战并存,并展望了其发展趋势。     

在活体模型中测试监测血pH值的植入生物传感器

前言 通过遥测技术连续监测心率、呼吸、体温等生理数据的生物传感器是可以得到的,但用于监测受     

基于EMD的指端光电容积脉搏波中呼吸波提取方法研究

目的通过人体指端的脉搏波,提取人体呼吸波信号。方法使用多参数临床生理监护仪,同步采集人体指端光电容积脉搏波信号和胸阻抗法检测的呼吸波信号,对光电容积脉搏波信号做各层的经验模式分解,选择合适频率的本征模函数,与采集的呼吸波信号做相关性分析。结果经验模式分解由脉搏波中所提取的呼吸波与采集的呼吸波有很好的相关性。结论经验模式分解法可有效提取人体指端光电容积脉搏波中所包含的呼吸波成分,对改进医疗监护设备设计、实现生理信号的多参数提取和精确分析有重要意义。     

Method for Measuring Respiratory Mechanics Parameters and Implementing it Under Weightlessness Condition

目的 研究失重情况下的航天员呼吸运动,准确获取其呼吸力学参数.方法 在对国内外相关研究成果进行调研的基础上,提出基于气体流量传感器和压力传感器的呼吸力学参数检测方法.结果 设计并完成了硬件电路与软件编写.采用三次拟合法对标定数据进行曲线拟合,所得气体流量拟合的相关系数达到0.99,而压力拟合的相关系数达到0.995.对硬件电路测试,测得最大相对误差小于1％.经实验结果分析得出系统最大相对误差仅为4％,且结果稳定性良好,符合系统的要求,且实现了测试设备的小型化.结论 样机具有良好的稳定性和精度,参数实时显示.     

一种基于阻变织物电极的穿戴式心电信号采集电路设计及应用

目的针对传统Ag/AgCl胶状电极在长期心电监护中的问题,结合可穿戴式健康监测技术的发展,设计了一种基于阻变织物电极的心电信号采集电路,研制了穿戴式心电信号采集设备。方法设计一种阻变织物电极,并实现阻变织物电极与衣服的集成,降低了传统织物电极高的接触阻抗;简化心电信号采集电路,实现低功耗、小型化。结果穿戴式心电信号采集设备能够采集到完整的心电波形;与多参数监护仪进行心电信号采集对比分析,验证织物电极采集效果。结论基于阻变织物电极的心电信号采集方案可行。     

Wearable inertial sensors to measure gait and posture characteristic differences in older adult fallers and non-fallers: A scoping review

BackgroundWearable inertial sensors have grown in popularity as a means of objectively assessing fall risk. This review aimed to identify gait and posture differences among older adult fallers and non-fallers which can be measured with the use of wearable inertial sensors. In addition to describing the number of sensors used to obtain measures, the concurrent anatomical locations, how these measures compare to current forms of clinical fall risk assessment tests and the setting of tests.MethodsFollowing the development of a rigorous search strategy, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, PEDro, and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies involving the use of wearable inertial sensors, to determine gait and postural based differences among fallers or those at high fall risk compared with non-fallers and low fall risk adults aged 60 years and older.ResultsThirty five papers met the inclusion criteria. One hundred and forty nine gait and posture characteristic differences were identified using wearable inertial sensors. There were sensor derived measures which significantly and strongly correlated with traditional clinical tests. The use of a single wearable inertial sensor located at the lower posterior trunk, was most the most effective location and enough to ascertain multiple pertinent fall risk factors.ConclusionThis review identified the capabilities of identifying fall risk factors among older adults with the use of wearable inertial sensors. The lightweight portable nature makes inertial sensors an effective tool to be implemented into clinical fall risk assessment and continuous unsupervised home monitoring, in addition to, outdoor testing.     

On the real-time prevention and monitoring of exertional heat illness in military personnel

The proliferation of user-friendly low-cost wearable sensors has brought the concept of real-time physiological monitoring for exertional heat illness to the cusp of reality. This paper reviews and discusses the current state of the art in real-time physiological status monitoring for exertional heat illness mitigation within the military context. The review examines how both advanced sensor systems, models and algorithms are being combined in an international and collaborative way and how this is providing real solutions to military units to reduce the risk held by the commander. This paper provides additional detail into the process of integrating physiological status monitoring into military training, it explores the development of on-body sensors, the algorithms that can provide actionable information, the process of planning and dynamic risk assessment and describes some of the physiological monitoring systems that are currently being developed by the representative nations. It then discusses the knowledge gaps of how the technology will be integrated into military training, the importance of meaningful, accurate information that is both sensitive and specific and further developing the accuracy of the algorithms and models that are being employed. Finally, it talks about future direction and how individualizing physiological status monitoring can lead to performance enhancement in the form of individualized heat acclimatization programs. In conclusion, physiological status monitoring is at a stage of transition and integration where it can be used effectively to manage and reduce exertional heat illness to enable military personnel to train hard–train safe.     

飞行生理参数记录检测仪在舰艇冲击试验中的应用

目的 利用飞行生理参数记录检测仪监测舰艇在遭受水下非接触爆炸冲击时所受冲击力大小及爆炸前后舰员生理参数的变化,为在实船非接触爆炸试验中对舰员进行实时监测提供一种方法和技术手段.方法 利用飞行员飞行生理参数记录检测仪(又称BodyMonBelt生参仪),监测舰艇在遭受水下非接触爆炸冲击前后,处在舰艇不同位置的9名舰员的心电图、心率、呼吸率、体表温度及所受两轴向加速度值(Gz、Gy).统计爆炸点前后30 min内受试者的心率、呼吸率及体表温度变化,进行自身对比分析.结果 人体表心脏部位所受冲击Gz值为0.23～2.17 G、Gy值为-0.39～0.66 G,在人体可承受的冲击力范围内.爆炸前舰员最快心率107～171次/min,最快呼吸率22～29次/min;爆炸后最快心率113～155次/min,最快呼吸率24～33次/min;爆炸后30 min内平均心率和平均呼吸率均高于爆炸前,平均心率前后对比有统计学意义(t=2.929,P=0.019);体表温度无明显变化.结论 BodyMonBelt生参仪可准确记录爆炸试验过程中舰员所受冲击作用的强度,可同步记录舰员在此爆炸试验过程中的有关生理参数变化,是分析人体在危险试验过程中生理心理指标变化的有效监测设备.分析监测结果和比较,人体生理耐限值的结果表明,舰员通过穿戴防护装备和掌握正确防护姿势,可以有效防护本次当量级的冲击作用损伤. Abstract： Objective To monitor the explosion impact and its influence to the shipboard personnnel's physiological state by BodyMonBelt-a biomedical monitoring equipment for aviation in the experiment of non-contact underwater explosion on warship and to promote a real-time monitoring technique. Methods In the experiment of non-contact underwater torpedo explosion on warship, 9 shipboard personnel and a manikin, who were in different locations, were monitored by BodyMonBelt. The recorded parameters included ECG, HR, respiratory rate, body temperature and bi-axial acceleration values (Gy and Gz), of which only accelerations were recorded on manikin. Several other BodyMonBelt devices were placed in different location for recording the explosive impact to ship body. Self-comparimn analysis on HR,respiratory rate and body temperature that measured in 30 min before and after explosion was taken.Results The acceleration range applied by explosion at heart position was respectively 0. 23-2. 17 G and -0. 39-0. 66 G along Gz and Gy axis and those were in endurable range of human body. The highest HR and respiratory rate prior to explosion could be in the ranges of 107-171 beats/min and 22-29 times/min and average HR and respiratory rate, gathered at 30 min after explosion, were higher than those before explosion (t=2.929, P=0.019). The body temperature had no significant change in experiment. Conclusions BodyMonBelt could accurately record the explosion impact that applied on ship body and shipboard personnel, and simultaneously monitor the related physiological changes. It would be an applicable equipment in analyzing physiological and psychological state of the people who works in hazardous environment. By analyzing the BodyMonBelt recorded results and comparing physiological tolerance limit, it is showed that wearing proper shield and maintaining right posture could effectively protect the shipboard personnel from the explosive impact at experiment equivalent grade.     

Validation of shoe-worn Gait Up Physilog®5 wearable inertial sensors in adolescents

BackgroundGait Up Physilog® wearable inertial sensors are a powerful alternative to traditional laboratory-based gait assessment for children with gait impairment. To build clinician trust in these devices and ultimately facilitate their use outside confined spaces, studies have examined performance of previous versions of Physilog® wearable inertial sensors but predominant focus has been on older adults. Despite their different gait patterns and behavioural/cognitive profiles, there are limited studies in children.Research questionTo determine whether key spatiotemporal gait parameters (stride length, time and velocity) collected by shoe-worn Physilog®5 sensors in a hallway assessment protocol are a valid method of gait assessment in typically developing adolescents aged 12–15 years.MethodsA total 30 typically developing participants (50 % female) median age 13.7 (interquartile range 2.34) were assessed in an exploratory study whilst walking at self-selected speed over the GAITRite® electronic walkway, concurrently wearing Physilog®5 sensors. Concurrent validity was analysed by Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland-Altman plots and 95 % limit of agreement. Systematic bias was assessed using 95 % confidence interval of the mean difference.ResultsMean stride data demonstrated substantial agreement for stride length (CCC = 0.975) and stride velocity (CCC = 0.979) to almost perfect agreement for stride time (CCC > 0.996). Agreement between the technologies for individual stride-to-stride data remained high for stride time (CCC = 0.952); yet reduced for stride length (CCC = 0.868) and stride velocity (CCC = 0.877). Male/female differences in performance of the technology were observed for stride velocity, favouring females.SignificancePhysilog®5 inertial sensors accurately measure walking in adolescents, with stride time the most accurately detected parameter. This demonstrates that wearables can be used by researchers and clinicians working with adolescent groups as an alternative to fixed systems. These findings will ultimately pave the way to using wearables for assessments with children outside of the laboratory environment.     

Quantified self and human movement: A review on the clinical impact of wearable sensing and feedback for gait analysis and intervention

The proliferation of miniaturized electronics has fueled a shift toward wearable sensors and feedback devices for the mass population. Quantified self and other similar movements involving wearable systems have gained recent interest. However, it is unclear what the clinical impact of these enabling technologies is on human gait. The purpose of this review is to assess clinical applications of wearable sensing and feedback for human gait and to identify areas of future research. Four electronic databases were searched to find articles employing wearable sensing or feedback for movements of the foot, ankle, shank, thigh, hip, pelvis, and trunk during gait. We retrieved 76 articles that met the inclusion criteria and identified four common clinical applications: (1) identifying movement disorders, (2) assessing surgical outcomes, (3) improving walking stability, and (4) reducing joint loading. Characteristics of knee and trunk motion were the most frequent gait parameters for both wearable sensing and wearable feedback. Most articles performed testing on healthy subjects, and the most prevalent patient populations were osteoarthritis, vestibular loss, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke hemiplegia. The most widely used wearable sensors were inertial measurement units (accelerometer and gyroscope packaged together) and goniometers. Haptic (touch) and auditory were the most common feedback sensations. This review highlights the current state of the literature and demonstrates substantial potential clinical benefits of wearable sensing and feedback. Future research should focus on wearable sensing and feedback in patient populations, in natural human environments outside the laboratory such as at home or work, and on continuous, long-term monitoring and intervention.     

An X-ray Compton scatter method for density measurement at a point within an object

A non-rotating method for non-intrusively determining the electron density at a point embedded within an object, without full imaging, is presented. Advantage was taken of the multienergetic nature of X-ray photons to devise a dual energy-group multiple-detector scattering scheme for density determination. A measurement model that relates the density of the object to the detector response was formulated, then inverted to determine the electron density at the monitored point. Normalization factors were calculated to compensate for the wide energy distribution of the X-ray photons, and account for other system parameters. In addition, the spread in the source and detectors fields-of-view was accommodated by calculating in advance the volume of the inspection voxel. The method was experimentally applied to a variety of geometries and materials, showing that the electron density can be calculated with a reasonable uncertainty.     

Metrics extracted from a single wearable sensor during sit-stand transitions relate to mobility impairment and fall risk in people with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundApproximately half of the 2.3 million people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) will fall in any three-month period. Currently clinicians rely on self-report measures or simple functional assessments, administered at discrete time points, to assess fall risk. Wearable inertial sensors are a promising technology for increasing the sensitivity of clinical assessments to accurately predict fall risk, but current accelerometer-based approaches are limited.Research questionWill metrics derived from wearable accelerometers during a 30-second chair stand test (30CST) correlate with clinical measures of disease severity, balance confidence and fatigue in PwMS, and can these metrics be used to accurately discriminate fallers from non-fallers?MethodsThirty-eight PwMS (21 fallers) completed self-report outcome measures then performed the 30CST while triaxial acceleration data were collected from inertial sensors adhered to the thigh and chest. Accelerometer metrics were derived for the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions and relationships with clinical metrics were assessed. Finally, the metrics were used to develop a logistic regression model to classify fall status.ResultsAccelerometer-derived metrics were significantly associated with multiple clinical metrics that capture disease severity, balance confidence and fatigue. Performance of a logistic regression for classifying fall status was enhanced by including accelerometer features (accuracy 74%, AUC 0.78) compared to the standard of care (accuracy 68%, AUC 0.74) or patient reported outcomes (accuracy 71%, AUC 0.75).SignificanceAccelerometer derived metrics were associated with clinically relevant measures of disease severity, fatigue and balance confidence during a balance challenging task. Inertial sensors could feasibly be utilized to enhance the accuracy of functional assessments to identify fall risk in PwMS. Simplicity of these accelerometer-based metrics could facilitate deployment for community-based monitoring.     

Online correction of respiratory‐induced field disturbances for continuous MR‐thermometry in the breast

MR‐thermometry allows monitoring of the local temperature evolution during minimally invasive interventional therapies. However, for the particular case of MR‐thermometry in the human breast, magnetic field variations induced by the respiratory cycle lead to phase fluctuations requiring a suitable correction strategy to prevent thermometry errors. For this purpose a look‐up‐table‐based multibaseline approach as well as a model‐based correction algorithm were applied to MR‐thermometry to correct for the periodic magnetic field changes. The proposed correction method is compatible with a variety of sensors monitoring the current respiratory state. The ability to remove phase artefacts during MR‐thermometry of the human breast was demonstrated experimentally in five healthy volunteers during 3 min of free‐breathing using pencil‐beam navigators for respiratory control. An increase of 170–530% in temperature precision was observed for the look‐up‐table‐based approach, whereas a further improvement by 16–36% could be achieved by applying the extended model‐based correction. Magn Reson Med, 61:1494–1499, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.