146例小儿阴囊急症的诊治分析

目的:总结小儿阴囊急症的诊断及急诊手术探查治疗的经验。方法:回顾性分析10年来收治的146例小儿阴囊急症的临床资料。急性附睾炎68例(46.5%),睾丸扭转48例(32.8%),睾丸附件扭转19例(13%),其余为急性阴囊感染,急性睾丸炎,特发性阴囊水肿,阴囊血肿。前3种疾病共135例,占92.4%。结果:急诊手术探查95例(65%),急性附睾炎51.4%(35/68),睾丸扭转95.8%(46/48),睾丸附件扭转73.6%(14/19)。48例睾丸扭转者中,37例睾丸梗死,结论:小儿阴囊急症的正确诊断十分重要,对疑有睾丸扭转的应积极手术探查。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断急性睾丸扭转4例

急性睾丸扭转是外科阴囊急症之一,是青少年阴囊急性肿痛的主要原因,多发生于外伤或运动后,在彩色多普勒超声出现以前,早期诊断睾丸扭转较为困难,现将近年来经我院彩超诊断并经临床治疗或手术证实的4例睾丸扭转报告如下。     

儿童阴囊急症的诊治

<正>阴囊肿胀及疼痛是小儿泌尿外科常见急症,临床诊断与鉴别有一定困难,延误诊断及治疗可能发生睾丸坏死或萎缩等并发症。本文回顾性分析我院泌尿外科2008年1月至2012年12月收治小儿阴囊急症患者286例的临床资料,总结诊治经验,现报告如下。1一般资料2008年1月至2012年12月,我院共收治急性阴囊疼痛患儿286例,年龄3 d至16(8.18±4.26)岁,见图1。病程1 h至2个月。左侧162例,右侧124例,无双侧病例。睾丸附件扭转204例(71.3%),睾丸扭转40例(14.0%),急性睾丸附睾炎25例(8.7%),急性阴囊感染8例(2.8%),阴囊     

阴囊急症93例诊断分析

目的 总结阴囊急症患者的临床特点及超声图像特征,提高早期诊断及鉴别诊断的准确率.方法 首先观察93例阴囊急症患者的临床表现及体征;其中78例患者先用二维超声检测睾丸、附睾的位置、大小、形态及回声强弱,再用彩色多普勒观察睾丸、附睾的血供情况,并与临床、手术及病理结果进行对照.结果 93例阴囊急症患者具有相似的临床表现和体征.78例患者经二维超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,28例病侧睾丸血流消失或减少,睾丸内血流阻力指数增高,超声诊断睾丸扭转,与手术病理结果相符.结论 阴囊急症患者的临床表现多样性,易误诊.二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声在阴囊急症患者的诊断中具有较强的敏感性和特异性,是目前鉴别睾丸扭转与急性睾丸附睾炎的首选方法.     

精索扭转的循证诊断与治疗

目的:系统评价精索扭转的诊断及处理方法。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、维普资讯、CNKI,查找有关精索扭转的随机对照研究,检索时限均为1990~2012年,研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,采用盲法分析。结果:共纳入27篇文献,3 541例患者纳入研究。结果表明:多普勒彩超在诊断阴囊急症明显优于常规超声,成为阴囊急症的首选影像学诊断方法;对任何年龄段的急性阴囊疼痛的患者均应行手术探查,没有足够的证据支持单侧精索扭转行对侧睾丸固定;精索扭转对于患侧睾丸生育功能的影响会随着患者年龄的增长而增加,对于健侧睾丸的影响尚存在争议。结论:对于有阴囊症状的患者应及时行阴囊多普勒彩超筛查,对于已确认精索扭转患者及阴囊急症患者应立即行阴囊手术探查,根据具体情况以决定是否行双侧睾丸固定术,对患者生育功能应加强随访。     

小儿急性睾丸扭转(附19例报告)

目的 探讨小儿急性睾丸扭转的诊治方法。方法 回顾分析19例5d至13岁小儿急性睾丸扭转的发病、治疗和预后等临床资料。结果 左侧睾丸扭转15例，右侧扭转4例；发病至就诊时间3h-4d；19例均接受手术治疗。17例为鞘膜内扭转，其中14个睾丸已坏死，行睾丸切除术；睾丸存活，5个，行睾丸固定术。2例为鞘膜外扭转，睾丸均已坏死，行睾丸切除术。结论 睾丸扭转是常见小儿阴囊急症，及早手术是避免睾丸坏死的关键。     

儿童和青少年睾丸扭转109例诊断与治疗分析

目的:探讨儿童和青少年睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗方式并分析术后转归。方法:回顾性分析2014～2017年收治的儿童和青少年睾丸扭转患者109例,患者年龄(9. 7±3. 3)岁(4 d至15岁)。均为单侧睾丸扭转,其中左侧62例(56. 9%),右侧47例(43. 1%);鞘膜内扭转98例(89. 9%),鞘膜外扭转11例(10. 1%)。患者临床表现为阴囊疼痛96例(88. 1%),阴囊红肿70例(64. 2%),腹痛25例(22. 9%),恶心呕吐33例(30. 3%)。所有患者均接受阴囊彩超检查。根据患者起病时间分为3组:12 h组(11例),12～24 h组(19例), 24 h组(79例)。分析患者临床表现,B超检测结果,术中以及术后随访结果。结果:96例(88. 1%)患者阴囊彩超检查提示睾丸血流减少或者无血流,13例(11. 9%)提示睾丸血流减少不明显,阴囊壁增厚、鞘膜囊积液等。手术切除睾丸83例(76. 1%),保留睾丸26例(23. 9%)。26例保留睾丸患者的随访中,2例失访,24例术后6个月复查阴囊彩超,其中8例(33. 3%)睾丸坏死,16例(66. 6%)睾丸存活。12 h组、12～24 h组、 24 h组睾丸切除率分别为9. 1%、47. 4%、92. 4%,术后睾丸萎缩率分别为10. 0%、25. 0%、83. 3%,均有统计学差异(P 0. 01)。结论:睾丸扭转好发于儿童以及青少年,临床表现为阴囊疼痛,阴囊红肿,腹痛以及恶心呕吐等。阴囊彩超能有效的检查出睾丸血流情况,但是手术是最有效的治疗方式,对于扭转时间12 h以内的睾丸保留价值最大, 24 h的睾丸已产生不可逆损伤,睾丸切除概率大,即使保留睾丸,术后出现睾丸萎缩的可能性也大。     

主动脉夹层致急性阴囊疼痛1例报告

急性阴囊疼痛是泌尿外科常见急症之一,主要由急性睾丸附睾炎、睾丸扭转、睾丸附件扭转、阴囊外伤等疾病所致.因主动脉夹层所致急性阴囊疼痛十分罕见,尚未见临床报道.我院于2019年3月收治1例主动脉夹层致急性阴囊疼痛患者,现报告如下. 1 病例报道 患者,男,42岁.缘于人院前5h,剧烈咳嗽后出现右侧阴囊疼痛,无发热、畏冷,无...     

间歇性睾丸扭转的诊断及治疗选择

目的 提高间歇性睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗水平,改善愈后.方法 回顾性分析42例间歇性睾丸扭转患者的病史材料、诊断过程、治疗时机和方法及术后随访结果.28例典型的间歇性睾丸扭转患者行急诊阴囊探查手术,归为急诊手术组.14例不典型的间歇性睾丸扭转患者均择期行阴囊探查手术,归为择期手术组.结果 随访所有患者术后均无疼痛复发,择期手术组睾丸保留率(100％)高于急诊手术组(64.3％,P ＜0.05)；而术后睾丸萎缩的发生率择期手术组(0)明显低于急诊手术组(22.2％).结论 间歇性睾丸扭转诊断困难,特别是不典型的间歇性睾丸扭转,反复出现的突发短暂性半侧阴囊剧烈疼痛并自发缓解是其特点,治疗上应选择积极的择期手术探查,愈后良好,尽量避免急性不可逆性睾丸扭转的发生.     

睾丸扭转32例诊治体会

【摘 要】 目的 探讨睾丸扭转诊断及治疗方法,提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾分析32例睾丸扭转患者的临床资料。结果 手法复位1例。手术探查31例,8例保留患侧睾丸,23例切除。术后随访1～2年,3例患侧睾丸不同程度萎缩;11例患者生精功能下降。结论 对于青少年患者阴囊急症,首诊医生应高度警惕睾丸扭转,早期诊断和及时手术复位是治疗的关键。     

Neonatal scrotal haematoma: mimicker of neonatal testicular torsion

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of neonatal scrotal haematoma and distinguish them from those of neonatal testicular torsion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five neonates presenting with an acute scrotum and initial diagnosis of neonatal testicular torsion were found to have neonatal scrotal haematoma. In one case the diagnosis was surgical and in four subsequent cases the diagnosis was by colour Doppler ultrasonography, and surgery was avoided. Four of the five children had risk factors associated with neonatal scrotal haematoma, including bleeding diathesis, birth trauma and high birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of including haematoma in the differential diagnosis of the acute neonatal scrotum is emphasized, as is the value of contemporary Doppler ultrasonography in making this diagnosis.     

小儿服囊急症

目的：总结小儿阴囊急症手术或非手术治疗的可行性。方法：回顾性研究５２６例小儿阴囊急症患者的临床资料和诊疗经验。睾丸附件扭转３６８例（７０．０％）,急性鞘膜炎４９例（９．４％）,睾丸扭转４２例（８．０％）,急性附睾炎１９例（３．５％）,急性阴囊感染１８例（３．４％）,阴囊血肿１８例（３．４％）,睾丸炎６例（１．１％）,特发性阴囊水肿６例（１．１％）。前４种常见疾病共４７８例,占９０．９％。住院前误诊     

Acute scrotal pain in children--ten years' experience

INTRODUCTION: Acute scrotal pain sometimes requires prompt surgical intervention and therefore accurate diagnosis of different etiologies of acute scrotal pain has great therapeutical and prognostic significance. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence, symptomatology and results of treatment of acute scrotal pain in children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included patients hospitalized at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic with a diagnosis of acute scrotal pain. We retrospectively analyzed anamnestic data (age of patient and duration of anamnesis prior to admission), clinical parameters obtained during physical examination, mode of treatment (operative or medical), intraoperative findings and (postoperative) treatment. RESULTS: The study included 256 patients with acute scrotal pain, aged from several hours up to 17 years of age (average 9.73 years). The average duration of symptoms prior to admission was 56.74 h. Acute epididymitis was diagnosed in 110 patients (43.0%), torsion of the testicular appendage in 104 patients (40.6%), torsion of the testis in 30 patients (11.7%) and other pathologies in another 12 patients. 166 patients (64.8%) underwent surgery, 42 patients with orchiepididymitis (38.2%), 92 patients with torsion of the testicular appendage (88.5%), and 16.6% of the patients with other pathologies. 22 patients with torsion of the testis underwent surgery (73.3%), while the rest of the 8 patients underwent manual detorquation of the testis. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the etiology of the acute scrotal pain, it is of great importance that the patient seeks medical assistance promptly. It is therefore important to educate the parents and patients about the problems related to acute scrotal pain.     

Clinical study on acute scrotum]

Between April 1986 and July 1990, we experienced 13 cases of acute scrotum with surgical exploration. Six of the patients had torsion of the spermatic cord; three had torsion of an appendix of the epididymis, one had torsion of a testicular appendix, one had testicular rupture, one had acute epididymitis and one was normal. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 55 years (mean: 17.7 years), and the patients with torsion of the spermatic cord ranged from 5 to 25 years in age (mean: 16.3 years). No specific symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings were noted in patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. In the majority of cases, scrotal swelling and redness of the scrotal skin were present, and we could not distinguish parts of the scrotal contents. From 2 to 92 hours had passed before the patients presented, and patients who first attended other clinics tended to be treated in an inappropriate manner. Orchidopexy was performed in all patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. At present, only one testis which was treated after a delay of 92 hours has proven to be atrophic. Early consultation of a urological clinic and early surgical exploration are important in the treatment of the acute scrotum.     

Two cases of testicular infarction: the usefulness of enhanced MRI for preoperative diagnosis]

The differential diagnosis in acute scrotum, particularly torsion of spermatic cord and epididymitis, is sometimes difficult. An erroneous diagnosis may result in unnecessary and improper treatment. We report two cases of testicular infarction including torsion of spermatic cord, preoperatively diagnosed by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case 1: A 16-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of left scrotal swelling and left lower abdominal pain. He had fever and leukocytosis. Antibiotics for 2 days failed to relieve the symptoms. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Scrotal exploration revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in the left testis. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy visited with scrotal swelling and fever 30 hours after an acute onset of left scrotal pain. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Exploration revealed left necrotic testis with torsion of spermatic cord. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Our two cases suggested that enhanced MRI, by which the intratesticular blood flow can be evaluated, may be useful for the diagnosis of testicular infarction.     

Testicular torsion: time is the enemy

BACKGROUND: The acute scrotum is a diagnostic dilemma, and testicular torsion is of primary interest because of its fertility problems for the patient and medico-legal issues for the surgeon. The present study aimed to correlate operative findings of patients with suspected testicular torsion with certain clinical variables and investigations to see if diagnosis and outcome could be improved. METHODS: A total of 99 patients underwent scrotal exploration for suspected testicular torsion at the Royal Brisbane Hospital between 1990 and 1995. Colour Doppler ultrasound, white blood count and urine microscopy results were documented, along with the patient's age and duration of testicular pain. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were found to have torsion, and the testicular loss rate was 23%. Patients who experienced testicular pain for longer than 12 h had a testicular loss rate of 67%. A negative urine microscopy was suggestive of testicular torsion, but was not diagnostic. The white blood count did not aid in the diagnosis. Colour Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum was used on nine occasions with three false negative results and a sensitivity of only 57%. CONCLUSIONS: Time is the enemy when managing the acute scrotum. No investigation substantially improves clinical diagnosis enough to warrant any delay in definitive surgical intervention.     

睾丸扭转处理与探讨

目的 :提高睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗水平。　方法 :回顾性分析 9例睾丸扭转疑诊病例 ,并结合文献进行分析。　结果 :9例患者年龄为 12～ 2 7岁 ,平均 15岁 ,1例经过镇痛治疗后自行复位 ,8例行手术治疗 ,其中 7例手术证实为睾丸扭转 ,1例术中探查为急性附睾炎。睾丸扭转患者中有 6例绕精索旋转 180°～ 72 0° ,1例绕着与精索垂直的轴线旋转 180°。彩色多普勒超声检查准确率为 87.5 % ,所有病例均有阴囊皮肤红肿 ,Prehn征 ( + )。　结论 :对突发睾丸疼痛应常规行彩色多普勒超声检查 ,睾丸扭转方向不全是绕精索轴旋转 ,手法复位不可靠 ,若怀疑为睾丸扭转 ,应急诊手术探查     

Two cases of intrascrotal tumors complicated acute scrotum

We report 2 rare cases of intrascrotal tumors complicated acute scrotum. Case 1: A 15-year-old adolescent presented to our emergency room with acute right scrotal pain. Testicular torsion was suspected, and surgical exploration was performed. A spermatocele with 180 degrees torsion on its pedicle was observed. The patient was diagnosed with torsion of a spermatocele, and it was excised. Case 2: A 25-year-old man presented with acute left scrotal pain. Testicular torsion was suspected, and manual detorsion relieved the pain effectively. However, scrotal swelling did not subside after detorsion, and surgical exploration was performed. The left testis was stony hard on palpation, and intraoperative ultrasound revealed a mosaic echo pattern. A testicular tumor was highly suspected and left high orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed seminoma pT1. Torsion of a testicular tumor was diagnosed. Although these 2 cases are extremely rare, they should be considered for the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum.     

Clinical review of acute scrotum in children]

BACKGROUND: The acute scrotum in children frequently presents a diagnostic dilemma. The objective of this study is to review the experience of patients with acute scrotum in children. METHODS: From April 1986 until March 1998, we encountered 40 cases of acute scrotum in children less than 15 years old diagnosed by surgical exploration. RESULTS: Final diagnoses consisted of 14 patients with torsion of the spermatic cord (35%), 22 patients with torsion of the testicular appendage (55%), 3 patients with acute epididymitis (7.5%), and patient with a strangulated hernia (2.5%). Of 22 patients with torsion of the testicular appendage, which were the most frequent cause of acute scrotum, 20 had torsion of the testicular appendix and 2 had torsion of the epididymal appendix. The age distribution of the patients with torsion of the spermatic cord was biphasic, with the highest frequencies occurring in patients 2 years old and 14 years old. In contrast, the age distribution of patients with torsion of appendage showed a single peak incidence at 9 years of age. Those with epididymitis were younger than 2 years old. Of 14 cases of torsion of the spermatic cord, orchiectomy was performed in 6 cases (42.9%) because of testicular necrosis. CONCLUSION: Although surgical exploration is no longer necessary for all patients with torsion of the appendage, this review revealed that patients complaining of severe or persistent pain usually require surgery to diagnose and treat the problem.