Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Infantis from human infections, foodstuffs and farm animals in Italy

The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Infantis isolated from humans, foodstuffs and farm animals in Italy between 1999 and 2001 was examined. All the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, but high rates of resistance were observed for several other drugs, especially for S. Typhimurium. The rates of resistance and multiresistance were generally higher among animal and food isolates than in human strains; conversely, no significant difference was observed between animal and food isolates. Among S. Typhimurium, multiresistance was more common in bovine, poultry and rabbit strains than in swine isolates, and was rare in strains from pigeon. Resistance to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole was mainly found in isolates of swine and human origin. This study confirms the role of livestock as a reservoir of drug-resistant Salmonella spp. and underlines the need for integrated surveillance systems of antibiotic resistance that consider isolates not only from human disease but also from the animal reservoirs and the food vehicles.     

Recent trends in the epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella in Israel, 1999-2009

The aim of the present study was to assess the recent trends in the epidemiology of non-typhoid Salmonella in Israel using a sentinel laboratory-based surveillance network. Between 1999 and 2009, 8758 Salmonella stool isolates were reported by five sentinel laboratories. There was a significant decrease in the incidence rate of Salmonella isolates from 70·5/100,000 in 1999 to 21·6/100,000 in 2005 followed by a slight increase to 30·3/100,000 in 2009. Of all Salmonella, 64·3% were isolated from children in the 0-4 years age group. Up to 2008, S. Enteritidis was the most prevalent serotype and in 2009 S. Infantis emerged as the most common Salmonella serotype. The decrease in the incidence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium and increase in S. Infantis among humans were associated with a similar trend among breeding flocks, which followed significant preventive interventions conducted against S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium infections in poultry. Tight surveillance and education of food handlers and consumers should be enhanced to reduce the foodborne transmission of Salmonella in Israel.     

2006-2011年福建省沙门菌监测菌株血清型分布及耐药性分析

目的分析福建省沙门菌监测病人菌株血清型分布和耐药性情况。方法依据我省制定的沙门菌监测方案,在全省5个地市设立沙门菌监测点开展工作。结果2006～2011年共分离出449株沙门菌,均为肠道沙门菌内的亚种I和亚种HIb,分属于10个群（11个亚群）,39个血清型,其中A～F群占98．89％,鼠伤寒和肠炎沙门菌是我省检出率最高的2种血清型。同时我省新增了1个P群及10个血清型（变种）。鼠伤寒沙门菌仍是我省严重耐药的血清型,沙门菌多数菌株对萘啶酸、链霉素、磺胺、甲氧苄啶、复方新诺明、四环素、氨苄西林有不同程度的耐药,对三代头孢、环丙沙星、阿莫西林＋棒酸多数菌株敏感。结论鼠伤寒和肠炎沙门菌为我省2个主要的血清型,多数菌株对萘啶酸、链霉素、磺胺类、四环素、氨苄西林有不同程度的耐药。     

Antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Salmonella spp. from pigs and the characterization of an S. Infantis gene cassette

One hundred and seven Salmonella isolates of various serotypes were investigated for resistance to a panel of nine antimicrobial agents by standardized methods. Thirty four isolates were susceptible to the selected antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six (of 107) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents and defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). Salmonella Typhimurium was the most resistant serotype. All resistant isolates were examined for the presence of class 1 integrons. Thirty-two integron-associated gene cassettes (of varying sizes) were identified. A 1,000-bp amplicon similar to that flanking the distal region of the Salmonella Genomic Island (SGI)-1 in Salmonella Typhimurium was detected in a majority of the S. Typhimurium isolates in this study. In contrast, a 1,800-bp amplicon was identified in all Salmonella Infantis isolates. This amplicon was completely characterized in one isolate. The presence of class 1 integrons in Salmonella spp. in pigs may be important if these zoonotic pathogens were to enter the food chain.     

2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的分子型别分析

目的研究2011-2012年杭州市肠道沙门菌临床分离株的型别,了解本地菌株分子流行病学特征。方法对66株肠道沙门菌临床分离株进行血清分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)。对其中主要血清型:鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎沙门菌菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型。结果分布于21个血清型的66株沙门菌分成26个ST型别。发现一株纽波特沙门菌为新型ST1690。菌株血清型与MLST型别数据库中所对应的血清型符合率为100.00%。9株甲型副伤寒沙门菌的PFGE带型完全一致(P7型),与先前杭州流行菌株有差异(P1-P6型)。6株肠炎沙门菌分成4个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为92.70%。13株鼠伤寒沙门菌分为11个PFGE型,型间最小相似性为71.70%。7株萨雷甲尼沙门菌分成4个PFGE型别,型间最小相似性为91.00%。结论近年杭州腹泻病人中流行的肠道沙门菌菌株主要血清型为鼠伤寒、甲型副伤寒、萨雷甲尼和肠炎等。甲型副伤寒沙门菌菌株在杭州出现了新PFGE型别。MLST数据可以对沙门菌血清学鉴定提供一定的帮助。     

Blood invasiveness of Salmonella enterica as a function of age and serotype

We explored the dual influence of the patient's age and the infecting serotype on the blood invasiveness patterns of non-Typhi Salmonella enterica (NTS). Blood invasiveness ratio (BIR) was calculated as the ratio between the number of blood and blood + stool isolates. Analysis of 14,951 NTS isolates showed that the BIR increased drastically above the age of 60 years, reaching levels 3.5-7 times higher compared to age group < 2 years. Different patterns of age-related invasiveness were observed for the five most common NTS serotypes (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Virchow, Hadar, Infantis). Among children < 2 years, the BIR was highest for serotype Virchow and lowest for serotype Hadar, while in persons > or = 60 years it was highest for serotypes Enteritidis and lowest for serotype Infantis. The tendency of NTS serotypes to invade the bloodstream was significantly influenced by the patient's age, however the impact of age differed for various NTS serotypes.     

Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage-type DT104 among salmonellae causing enteritis in Israel

The relative frequency of salmonella strains isolated from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in Southern Israel changed during the period, 1994-6. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage-type 104 (DT104) appeared in Israel in 1994 and became the most prevalent strain in 1996. An outbreak of enteritis due to Salmonella enterica serotype Agona occurred in Israel, in October 1994 and lasted for 4 months. The relative frequency of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis remained almost constant during these years, with seasonal fluctuations only. The importance of the increase in the prevalence of Typhimurium DT104 has been the epidemic spread of a multiresistant strain of R-type ACT (A, ampicillin; C, chloramphenicol; T, tetracycline) belonging to this phage-type. Since 1995 the frequency of Typhimurium DT104 isolates that possess, in addition to the above R-type, a chromosomally encoded resistance to the quinolone drug, nalidixic acid, increased tenfold. In 1996, 27% of the Typhimurium DT104 isolates were of R-type ACTN. S. Enteritidis exhibited over 95% susceptibility to at least eight of the most commonly used antibiotic drugs, and none of the isolates was resistant to quinolone or fluoroquinoline.     

Laboratory-based surveillance of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Guangdong Province, China

Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens in humans. Laboratory-based surveillance for non-typhoidal Salmonella infection was conducted in Guangdong Province, China to improve understanding about the disease burden and detection of dispersed outbreaks. Salmonella isolated from patients with diarrhea were sent from 16 sentinel hospitals to local public health laboratories for confirmation, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE patterns were analyzed to identify clusters representing potential outbreaks. Between September 2009 and October 2010, 352 (4%) Salmonella isolates were obtained from 9167 stool specimens. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (45%) and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (13%) were the most common serotypes, and multidrug resistance was high, especially in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. PFGE patterns of obtained Salmonella isolates were found to be diverse, but a unique PFGE pattern comprising 53 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were found to occur almost exclusively in infants. Epidemiologic studies are ongoing to determine whether a common exposure is the source of the Salmonella Typhimurium strain frequently isolated from infants.     

Vertical and horizontal transmission of salmonella within integrated broiler production system

Salmonella remains one of the leading causes of food-borne illness in the United States, and many key questions regarding the introduction and persistence in animal production systems still remain. In order to understand the ecology of Salmonella within an integrated commercial broiler production system, 289 Salmonella enterica were recovered from two integrated poultry farms during the production and processing of seven consecutive flocks. The variety and prevalence of Salmonella serotypes differed between farms. Overall, 15 serotypes were identified, with the most common being Typhimurium (55%), Montevideo (7.9%), Kentucky (9%), and Enteritidis (9.7%). Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis isolates recovered from processed carcasses from Farm One were further characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and were shown to be indistinguishable from isolates recovered from the poultry house environment and mice trapped on this farm. Additionally, the same broiler S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis strains, identified by PFGE, were also isolated from samples taken at a company breeder farm, suggesting vertical transmission of these Salmonella serotypes in this poultry production system. Results indicate that management practices at the breeder level may have a profound effect on the transmission and persistence of salmonellae within an integrated production system, as well as on the potential contamination of poultry-derived products.     

A real-time multiplex SYBR Green I polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid screening of salmonella serotypes prevalent in the European Union

A two-step real-time SYBR Green I multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with melting curve analysis was developed for rapid detection of 19 Salmonella serotypes frequently encountered in humans, animals, and animal-associated meat products within the European Union. The first-step single-tube reaction (Multiplex PCR I), consisting of five primer pairs, classified an initial test panel of eight Salmonella serotypes into five groups on the basis of characteristic amplicon melting temperatures produced by each strain. Following designation into groups, two subsequent triplex reactions (Multiplex PCR II-G1 and II-G3) allowed for further identification of five Salmonella serotypes by their melting peak temperatures. Primers for serotype differentiation were designed to target the genes encoding either phase 1 and 2 flagellar antigens fliC and fljB or unique serotype-specific loci. In addition, the assay simultaneously screened for the presence of the ampicilin-amoxicillin, chloramphenicol-florfenicol, streptomycin-spectinomycin, sulfanomides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT)-type multidrug resistance pattern, indicated by the floR gene, and for the Salmonella virulence plasmid encoded by the svp operon in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. The established multiplex assays were successfully tested on 97 isolates, comprising 37 distinct Salmonella serotypes and 12 non-Salmonella strains. The two-step assay correctly detected 19 of 37 Salmonella serotypes and all non-Salmonella strains produced negative results. Of the 19 serotypes detected in the assays, 7 serotypes, including Salmonella serotypes Ohio, Goldcoast, Livingstone, Kedougou, Enteritidis, Kentucky, ACSSuT-type Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b, as well as non-ACSSuT-type Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains, were definitively identified. The developed multiplex real-time SYBR Green I PCR assay represents a more rapid and reliable method for identification of large numbers of Salmonella serotypes prevalent throughout the European Union than assays using phenotypic serotyping methods.     

Laboratory-based surveillance of nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in China

Foodborne infections are an important public health problem in China. In 2008, we conducted surveillance for laboratory-confirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella to monitor trends for this infection in China and to build capacity for rapid detection and response to foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella isolates from patients with diarrhea were sent from hospitals to local public health laboratories for confirmation, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 126 hospitals in 44 cities and counties from 8 provinces provided isolates and epidemiologic data for analysis. Of 23,140 stool specimens submitted to clinical laboratories, 662 (3%) grew Salmonella enterica. Salmonella were most commonly detected between April and October. The median age of infected patients was 27 years; 34% of infections occurred in patients <5 years old. Of the 662 isolates, we found 73 serotypes, of which serotype Enteritidis (31%) and serotype Typhimurium (26%) were the most common. The prevalence of resistance was high for clinically important antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin (41%) and ciprofloxacin (6%). More than 60% of isolates, including 35% of all Typhimurium, were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. In this first multiprovince surveillance report of laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections in China, we found that Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the most common serotypes and that efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella in China are needed. Although no outbreaks were detected using this system, efforts to improve this system's capacity to do so are underway.     

Salmonellosis in 1998

Gradual decrease of salmonellosis is observed in Poland since 1988. In 1998, 26,739 cases of salmonellosis were noted, incidence rate = 69.2 per 100,000 population. Above 80% of cases were laboratory confirmed by isolation Salmonella strains (57 serotypes). Laboratory-based surveillance led to the identification 82 serotypes among examined persons; the most frequent serotype was Enteritidis: 90% of cases and 70% of Salmonella infected healthy persons. Serotypes: Typhimurium, Virchow, Hadar and Infantis caused 6% Salmonella infections. Nearly 53% of patients were hospitalized. Like in the previous years, the most affected age group were children under five (361/100,000). The extraintestinal Salmonella infections were observed in 64 patients for whom at least 1 nonfecal specimen was culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Twenty eight patients had positive blood cultures (26--Enteritidis, 2--Typhimurium). The other positive specimens included subdural fluid (3), pleural fluid (3), joint fluid (2), urine (11) and pus (15). Half of the patients had immunocompromising conditions. Other diseases contributed to infection, especially in older patients, who had hematologic and nonhematologic malignancy, lupus erythematosus, diabetes, cirrhosis. There were 11 deaths (17%).     

Trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in non-typhoid Salmonellae from human and poultry origins in France

A total of 1873 strains from human origin and 4283 strains from non-human origin of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Hadar and Virchow, collected over three years 1993, 1997 and 2000, were examined in order to determine the rate of antimicrobial resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. The objective of the study was to describe and to compare the evolution of the main resistance types in human and non-human isolates, focusing on the poultry sector. The evolution and the rates of antimicrobial resistances for the five serotypes, with the exception of Virchow, were almost comparable in strains isolated from human and non-human sources over the period studied. The most striking result concerning single resistance was the spectacular increase of the resistance frequency to nalidixic acid for the strains belonging to serotypes Hadar and Virchow, especially in the poultry food sector (14% in 1993 vs. 72% in 2000 for Salmonella Virchow, 4% in 1993 vs. 70% in 2000 for Salmonella Hadar) and also in human isolates (24% in 1997 vs. 48% in 2000 for S. Virchow, 31% in 1997 vs. 78% in 2000 for S. Hadar). In addition to the classical resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamide, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (ASSuCT resistance type), which stabilized between 1997 and 2000, the emergence of a new resistance type was observed.     

Salmonella in healthy pigs: prevalence, serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance observed during 1998-1999 and 2004-2005 in Japan

To determine prevalence, serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in healthy pigs, faecal samples from 6771 pigs on 73 farms collected during 1998-1999 and 2004-2005 were examined. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to 22 antimicrobials: benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, cephaloridine, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, fradiomycin, colistin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Farm-level and pig-level Salmonella prevalences were 35.5% and 2.2% in 1998-1999, and 35.7% and 3.3% in 2004-2005. Prevalence by growth stage was 2.4% for sows, 3.3% for weaned pigs, 2.7% for fattening pigs and 3.8% for finishing pigs. The predominant serotypes identified were Agona (28.4%), Typhimurium (17.9%) and Infantis (16.4%) in 1998-1999, and Typhimurium (32.5%), Anatum (24.6%) and Infantis (13.5%) in 2004-2005. Compared with the 1998-1999 isolates, the 2004-2005 isolates showed significantly higher rates of resistance to all the antimicrobials except tetracyclines (P<0.01 to P<0.05) and resistance to 2 antimicrobials [19.4% (13/67) vs. 39.7% (50/126), P<0.01]. This study provides national estimates of Salmonella prevalence in healthy pigs of different growth stages in Japan.     

厦门地区156株儿童感染性腹泻沙门菌的血清学分型及耐药性分析

目的 分析致儿童感染性腹泻的沙门菌的分布特征及耐药状况,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。方法 对2009-2014年期间来我院就诊的3 287例感染性腹泻患儿,取大便标本进行沙门菌增菌培养及分离鉴定,采用BD Phoenix100全自动细菌鉴定药敏分析系统进行沙门菌属确认和药敏试验,并对确认菌株行血清学分型。结果 分离出156株沙门菌分属于5个群,23种不同血清型,其中B群鼠伤寒沙门菌和D群肠炎沙门菌分离率较高,分别占53.8％和12.2%。夏秋季节5-10月份检出率5.0%,高于冬春季节11-4月检出率3.2%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.93,P=0.015）。对氨苄西林耐药率高达59.6%,对氯霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星和三代头孢菌素均有不同程度耐药,对β-内酰胺类加酶抑制剂的哌拉西林/他唑巴坦基本敏感。超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检出率高达16.7%,多重耐药菌（MDRO）检出率17.3%。结论 本地区儿童感染性腹泻沙门菌以B群的鼠伤寒沙门菌居首位,其次为D群肠炎沙门菌。夏秋季节检出率明显高于冬春季节。耐药现象不容忽视,临床应依据药敏结果选用抗菌药物。     

贵州省动物性食品中沙门菌耐药及分子特征相关性研究

目的 了解贵州省动物性食品中沙门菌的耐药和分子型别特征及二者相关性,为我省食源性沙门菌感染及防控提供科学依据。方法 对贵州省9个市(州)2017—2021年市售动物性食品中分离的146株沙门菌进行血清学分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株对15种抗生素的耐药性,脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)和多位点序列分型(multi-locus sequence typing, MLST)对菌株进行分子分型。结果 146株沙门菌分出27种血清型,以鼠伤寒(31/146,21.2%)、德尔卑(26/146,17.8%)、肠炎沙门菌(16/146,11.0%)为优势血清型。146株菌耐药率为79.5%(116/146),多重耐药率达60.3%(88/146),共有72种耐药谱。对氨苄西林、四环素耐药率分别达61%、64.4%。129株菌经PFGE共分出52个聚类76种带型,相似度在53.5%～100%,146株菌经MLST共检出29种ST型,以ST40(26/146,17.8%)、ST34(17/146,11.6%)、ST11(16/146、1...     

侵袭性非伤寒沙门菌血清型和耐药性分析

目的分析7株侵袭性非伤寒沙门菌(iNTS)的血清型和耐药性。方法针对收集的7株iNTS菌株,开展血清学鉴定、药物敏感性实验以及全基因组测序,并对血清型、MLST型和耐药基因进行鉴定、注释和分析。结果7株iNTS菌株中,包含1株鼠伤寒血清型和2株Ⅰ4,[5],12:i:-(ST34型)、2株肠炎血清型、1株科瓦利斯血清型和1株未知血清型Ⅰ4,[5],12:d:-(ST279型),其中6株为单相菌,沙门菌二相鞭毛基因缺失或假基因化可能有助于增强沙门菌侵袭性。未发现替加环素、氨曲南、阿米卡星及头孢类、碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药株,存在1株八重耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌。耐药基因与耐药表型基本相符。结论本研究中的iNTS菌株存在八重耐药株,整体耐药水平尚低但不可忽视。     

Antibiotic susceptibility and genotypes of non-typhi Salmonella isolates from children in Kilifi on the Kenya coast

A 4-year retrospective study was undertaken at the Kilifi District Hospital on the coast of Kenya to determine the antibiotic-susceptibility patterns and genotypes of non-typhi Salmonella (NTS) isolates from children. Overall, during the period 1994-97, positive cultures were obtained from 543 (14%) of 3885 blood samples, 364 (30%) of 1210 stool samples and 143 (11%) of 1283 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. NTS were isolated from 151 (27.8%), 72 (19.8%), and 11 (7.7%) of these positive cultures, respectively. The total 234 NTS isolates were serotyped: the most frequent were Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (41%) and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium (38%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using ampicillin (amp), chloramphenicol (chl), gentamicin (cn), co-trimoxazole (s-t), cefuroxime (cxm), ciprofloxacin (cip), cefotaxime (ctx), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 20 micrograms-10 micrograms (amc), and tobramycin (tob). Of the 234 isolates, 43 were sensitive to all antibiotics tested and 133 were multiple drug resistant (MDR). The most common resistance type seen was amp, cn, cxm, s-t, ctx, amc, tob (36/234). Our results indicate a high proportion of MDR amongst the isolates from Kilifi. We conclude that 2 major serotypes of salmonella, i.e., S. enterica serotype Typhimurium and S. enterica serotype Enteritidis, of micro-epidemic nature that have been previously unrecognized in Kilifi are responsible for infection in Kilifi district on the coast of Kenya and that over half (56.8%) of total NTS isolates are MDR.     

合肥市生猪肉沙门菌分离株耐药表型与耐药基因的相关性研究

目的:了解生猪肉中沙门菌分离株耐药表型与耐药基因的携带关系。方法:采用K-B纸片法对生猪肉中26株沙门菌分离株进行22种抗菌药物敏感试验,并应用PCR技术对沙门菌分离株进行耐药基因检测。结果:26株沙门菌总耐药率为61.54%(16/26),其中14株(53.85%)对至少3种以上抗菌药物耐药,属于多重耐药株,强力霉素-四环素-氯霉素-卡那霉素是主要多重耐药谱;3类抗菌药物耐药基因以tetB、Flor和aph(3)-IIa与aadB基因分别检出最高。结论:沙门菌耐药表型测定结果与耐药基因检测结果一致,耐药及多重耐药性与耐药基因的携带相关。     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from meat and meat products in Algiers (Algeria)

This study was conducted in order to estimate the proportion of raw meat and processed meat products contaminated by Salmonella in the region of Algiers, Algeria, to identify serovars and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. Out of the total 314 samples (144 of raw red meat and meat products, 128 of raw poultry meat and poultry products, and 42 of processed meat products) collected from various retail outlets, 61 (19.43%) were tested positive for Salmonella. The most significant occurrences were recorded for the categories of red meat (23.61%, n=34) and poultry (17.97%, n=23). Among the 64 isolates recovered, 21 different serovars were identified and two strains were nontypable. The most prevalent serovars were Salmonella Anatum (14.6%, n=9), Salmonella Altona (12.50%, n=8), Salmonella Corvallis (7.81%, n=5), Salmonella Enteritidis (7.81%, n=5), and Salmonella Typhimurium (7.81%, n=5). Sixty-two Salmonella isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 32 selected antimicrobial agents. Fifty-six (90.32%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, of which 20 (32.26%) showed multidrug resistance. Resistance to sulphonamides (87.10%, n=54) was the most common. Resistance rates were lower to nalidixic acid (16.13%, n=10), streptomycin (16.13%, n=10), and tetracycline (12.90%, n=8), while resistance to pefloxacin was estimated at 4.84% (n=3). Fourteen different resistance patterns were observed. The "ACSSuT" pentaresistance pattern was observed in three of the Salmonella Typhimurium strains. The obtained results show that these foodstuffs are a potential source of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella for human infections.