阿替普酶静脉溶栓前应用依达拉奉对老年急性脑梗死预后的影响

目的 探讨老年急性脑梗死病人在应用阿替普酶(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓前预先使用依达拉奉的有效性和安全性.方法 采用回顾性分析的方法,纳入2014～2018年南京医科大学第二附属医院脑卒中登记系统中接受rt-PA静脉溶栓及依达拉奉联合治疗的老年...     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的观察低剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的远期疗效和安全性。方法选择急性脑梗死患者161例,分为4组:联合溶栓组44例,给予静脉rt-PA尿激酶;rt-PA组37例,尿激酶组32例,对照组48例。观察治疗前及治疗后90 d美国国立卫生研究所卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,同时观察再梗死率、脑出血率及病死率。结果与治疗前比较,4组治疗后90 d NIHSS评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3个溶栓组与对照组在90 d有效率及疗效满意率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);3个溶栓组90 d有效率及疗效满意率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合溶栓组与rt-PA组和尿激酶组脑出血率比较差异均有统计学意义(2.3%υs 18.9%υs 18.7%,P<0.05)。结论 rt-PA联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死远期疗效和单用rt-PA、单用尿激酶相当,但脑出血率降低,因此该治疗方法是安全有效的,值得推广应用。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂动静脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中

目的探讨使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)动静脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析106例发病在6 h内的急性缺血性卒中患者的临床表现、治疗方法及疗效。其中超选择性动脉溶栓+静脉溶栓组(联合组)60例,同时超选择性动脉溶栓组(动脉组)46例。动脉组用微导管超选择至病变动脉,输注rt-PA50 mg;联合组先静脉输注rt-PA,再经病变动脉输注rt-PA,总量<50 mg,在溶栓前和溶栓后6 h、24 h、7 d及30 d时,采用欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评价神经功能缺损情况。结果治疗前ESS评分,联合组为42±13,动脉组为43±10,治疗后24 h、30 d时,ESS评分联合组为82±23、89±25;动脉组为76±27、82±23。治疗后总再通率联合组为53%(32/60),动脉组为35%(16/46),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颅内出血的发生率联合组为7%(4/60),动脉组为9%(4/46),两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论脑梗死患者起病6 h内,动静脉联合溶栓是相对安全、有效的治疗方法。     

One-year follow-up after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction

Of 106 patients seen within 4 h of chest pain with 107 episodes of acute myocardial infarction, nine died before or during hospitalization mainly from cardiogenic shock, and four died during the next year, three were sudden deaths. The 93 survivors were reviewed at a mean of 53 (range 49-70) weeks after infarction. Of these 93, 18 had had attempted angioplasty (successful in 12) and 15 had had coronary artery bypass grafting (including one patient who had coronary artery bypass grafting performed after unsuccessful angioplasty). The remaining 61 patients continued on medical therapy only. During the one-year follow-up two patients suffered reinfarction and a further 22 had one or more cardiac admissions, mostly for chest pain. At review, 22 patients had angina (16 New York Heart Association Grade I or II) and five dyspnoea (all NYHA Grade II). Forty-three patients were taking oral nitrates, 53 were receiving calcium antagonists, 54 were using betablocking agents and 73 used anti-platelet agents. However, many of these patients continued on anti-anginal therapy prophylactically after their myocardial infarction, without continuing chest pain. Thus after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and following hospital discharge the mortality rate for patients with acute myocardial infarction was four out of 97 (4.1%) and reinfarction rate among survivors was two out of 93 (2.2%). Although the incidence of cardiac symptoms was low this may be partly due to the high incidence of angioplasty and coronary artery grafting, together with the use of anti-anginal agents.     

尿激酶动脉溶栓与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效比较

目的 评价尿激酶动脉溶栓与重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效和安全性.方法 发病6 h内的急性脑梗死患者43例,其中动脉溶栓组31例行超选择性动脉溶栓,静脉溶栓组12例行rtPA静脉溶栓.观察动脉溶栓组血管再通.90 d时改良Rankin量表(modified Ranlkin scale,mRS)评分评价2组转归.结果 动脉溶栓组完全再通18例(58.1%),部分再通7例(22.6%),血管再通率为80.6%,并发有症状颅内出血3例,死亡1例.尿激酶动脉溶栓组与rtPA静脉溶栓组90 d时转归良好率(74.2%对66.7%,x2=0.24,P=0.622)和有症状颅内出血发生率(9.68%对8.33%,x2=0.19,P=0.892)均无显著差异.结论 在治疗时间窗内尿激酶动脉溶栓能显著提高闭塞血管再通率,改善患者急性期临床症状和远期转归,近期疗效和远期转归均与rtPA静脉溶栓相当.     

低剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与尿激酶联合溶栓治疗急性脑梗死

目的观察联合应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt—PA）和尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死的有效性和安全性。方法选择发病〈6h的急性脑梗死患者81例,分为联合溶栓组（20例）、单用rt—PA组（22例）、单用尿激酶组（18例）及对照组（21例）。联合溶栓组静脉给予rt—PA20mg,尿激酶30万-50万IU;单用rt—PA组静脉给予rt—PA0．9mg／kg;单用尿激酶组静脉给予尿激酶1万～2万IU／kg（体质量超过75kg者按75kg给药）,最大剂量150万IU;未溶栓病例为对照组。主要疗效指标是观察治疗前与发病后4周的神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）变化,以溶栓后出血转化、24h内再梗死及死亡等作为安全指标。结果联合溶栓组、单用rt—PA组、单用尿激酶组及对照组的观察结果为：①NIHSS评分治疗前分别为18．1±3．6、17．9±3．6、18．0±3．4、17．3±4．0,治疗后分别为9．1±5．6、8．8±5．5、9．6±5．2、14．1±4．6,符组治疗前、后比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,3个溶栓组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;3个溶栓组比较,差异无统计学意义。②4组治疗后总有效率分别为85．0％（17／20）、86．4％（19／22）、83．3％（15／18）和42．9％（9／21）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;各溶栓组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③联合溶栓组溶栓后24h内再发脑梗死1例,出血转化1例;单用rt—PA组出血转化3例;单用尿激酶组再梗死1例,出血转化有2例,其中死亡1例。对照组再梗死1例,死亡1例。结论与单用rt—PA和单用尿激酶比较,联合低剂量rt-PA和尿激酶溶栓治疗急性脑梗死同样安全、有效,相对rt—PA价格便宜,值得推广应用。     

Rescue therapy with local intra‐arterial urokinase after poor clinical response with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischaemic stroke

We report a case of combined intravenous and intra‐arterial thrombolysis in a patient presenting with acute ischaemic stroke. Progression to intra‐arterial thrombolysis in patients who fail to show clinical improvement within 6 h of symptom onset might be a safe treatment option at centres with access to stroke specialist and endovascular services. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the efficacy and potential benefits of this rescue therapy.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的:探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的疗效及安全性。方法:将发病在4.5 h内ACI患者139例,且均符合静脉溶栓适应证,按入院顺序分为rt-PA组(61例)和对照组(ACI)(78例),分别给予rt-PA静脉溶栓和奥扎格雷钠治疗。采用NIHSS及mRS评分比较2组患者治疗后24 h、7 d、90 d的疗效及安全性。结果:rt-PA组治疗后7 d,NIHSS评分较对照组改善更显著。rt-PA组90 d mRS评分优于对照组。2组病死率、症状性颅内出血发生率无统计学差异。结论:ACI患者4.5 h内给予rt-PA静脉溶栓,疗效优于奥扎格雷钠,且较为安全。     

Rare severe hypofibrinogenemia induced by tissue plasminogen activator in stroke patients: Case report

Rationale:Severe hypofibrinogenemia after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is rare and easily overlooked, but hypofibrinogenemia increases the risk of major bleeding. However, it is unclear when hypofibrinogenemia reaches the peak and when hypofibrinogenemia is resolved.Patient concerns:Case 1 was of a 66-year-old man who was hospitalized due to sudden onset of vague speech and right hemiplegia for 4 hours. Case 2 was of an 84-year-old woman who was hospitalized for sudden onset of left hemiplegia and vague speech for 4 hours. In case 1, fibrinogen levels decreased from normal values to <0.25 g/L within 4.5 hours after commencing IVT and returned to normal at 35 hours later. In case 2, fibrinogen levels decreased from 1.1 to <0.25 g/L within 2 hours after commencing IVT and normalized 36.5 hours later.Diagnoses:Both patients were diagnosed with rt-PA-related hypofibrinogenemia.Interventions:No antiplatelet or symptomatic treatment was administered during the period of hypofibrinogenemia.Outcomes:Fibrinogen levels gradually recovered. In case 1, the patient did not experience cerebral hemorrhage during hypofibrinogenemia. His symptoms improved significantly within 1 week. In case 2, repeat computed tomography revealed minor cerebral hemorrhage, but no deterioration in her condition was noted until she was discharged.Lessons:Rapid, severe, and prolonged hypofibrinogenemia may occur after IVT with rt-PA, which may increase the risk of massive hemorrhage and affect the related therapy. Prompt diagnosis of hypofibrinogenemia is important for preventing complications. We recommend checking the fibrinogen levels routinely after IVT. Fibrinogen replacement therapy and platelet transfusion are the main management routes for rt-PA-related symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死后的QT离散度变化

３６例急性心肌梗死患者接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）静脉溶栓治疗。其中有效２１例，无效１３例。有效组在溶栓后２小时、８小时、２４小时的ＱＴｃ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）与溶栓前相比较，有下降趋势，但未达到统计显著性。无效组在溶栓后２小时、８小时、２４小时的ＱＴｃｄ与溶栓前相比较，有显著性延长（Ｐ＜０００１）。有效组与无效组相比，溶栓后２小时、８小时、２４小时之ＱＴｃｄ，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０００１）。     

尿激酶动脉溶栓与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中的疗效比较

目的 评价选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析发病6 h内的急性脑梗死患者43例的临床资料,其中动脉溶栓组31例,静脉溶栓组12例.动脉溶栓组患者在发病6 h内经DSA证实为颅内血管闭塞,并进行超选择性动脉溶栓治疗(尿激酶总量<75万U);静脉溶栓组患者于发病3 h内接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂...     

Clinical safety and outcome of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with stroke attributable to small artery occlusion: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Recent observations raised concern that the intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) may result in damage to stroke patients caused by small artery occlusion (SAO). Thus, we perform a protocol for meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA in SAO-patients.Methods:The search-style electronic libraries, including Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Journals, and China Biomedical Literature Service System are used for document retrieval in June 2021 with no restrictions on language. The risk of bias in include articles will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We perform the meta-analysis by Stata version 10.0 software and calculated the statistics using the inverse variance statistical method. Binary outcomes are presented as Mantel-Haenszel-style risk ratios with 95% confidence interval. Continuous outcomes are reported as mean differences.Results:The results of the article will be shown in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusion:Intravenous rt-PA may be effective and safe in SAO-patients.     

Intra-atrial tissue plasminogen activator infusion for prosthetic valve thrombosis.

Thrombosis is a well-known and life-threatening complication of prosthetic mechanical valves. Therapy typically requires medical thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy/valve replacement. We report the case of a thrombosed atrioventricular valve in a young boy with complex congenital heart disease, which was successfully treated with direct intra-atrial infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator after failed attempts at systemic therapy. We present this treatment as an alternative to conventional medical therapy.     

尿激酶与组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞的对比研究

为比较尿激酶（UK）及组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）静脉溶栓辅以阿司匹林及肝素对急性心肌梗塞的效果及其副作用。对急性心肌梗塞患者发病6h内者，42例给予静脉UK15例静脉内t-PA溶栓辅以静脉肝素及阿司匹林治疗。结果表明，t-PA组、UK组临床血管再通率分别为86．7％与57．1％（P＜0．05），前者消化道与呼吸道出血并发症为13．3％，而后者为0（P＜0．05）。本研究提示静脉t-PA溶栓血管再通率显著高于静脉UK，但出血合并症的发生t-PA组显著高于UK组。     

Early and late exercise capacity after acute myocardial infarction treated with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator

Thrombolytic therapy salvages jeopardized myocardium and preservesleft ventricular function. Therefore, a beneficial effect onexercise tolerance and haemodynamic adaptation to exercise canbe anticipated. In the present study the results of bicycleexercise tests, performed at 10 to 14 days and at more than1 year after infarction, were compared between patients randomizeddouble blindly to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)or placebo. At 2 weeks, the maximal heart rate (140 vs 130 beats.min^–1 P=0.017), systolic blood pressure (169 vs 161 mmHg,P=0.018) and pressure-rate product (22907 vs 20865 beats. min^-1mmHg,P=0.0025) were higher in rt-PA treated patients (n=145) thanin controls (n=142). At a mean follow-up of 16 months, rt-PApatients (n=126) performed a higher total and peak work load(733 vs 600 Watts. min, P=0.027 and 133 vs 100 Watts, P=-0.036,respectively) than control patients (n=122). During both exercisetests the incidence of clinical or electrocardiographic signsof ischaemia was similar. Multiple regression analysis indicatedthat age and end-systolic volume were predictors of peak pressure-rateproduct at 2 weeks (R²=0.11, P=0.0001). Age, sex and left ventricularejection fraction at discharge were independent predictors ofpeak work load at 2 weeks (R²=0.32, P=0.0001) and the squareroot of peak work load at 16 months (R²=0.39, P=0.001). Thesefindings suggest that an improved left ventricular functionin the thrombolysis group plays a role in the better exercisecapacity observed in rt-PA treated patients.     

尤瑞克林在组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死中的应用

目的 初步评价尤瑞克林在重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死中的安全性和有效性.方法 采用随机、对照研究方法 ,入选患者按1:1随机分为对照组和试验组.对照组22例,仅给予rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg);试验组22例,rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg)溶栓后静脉滴注尤瑞克林(0.15 PNAU/d,连续7 d).主要安全性评价指标是溶栓24 h内症状性脑出血发生率,次要评价指标为患者神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、日常生活活动能力评分(BI). 结果 溶栓24 h内,试验组与对照组比较,脑出血率差异无统计学意义(4.6%对9.1%,X2=0.00,P>0.05),再梗死率有降低趋势(18.2%对31.8%,X2=1.091,P>0.05).溶栓治疗后1 d、21 d和90 d,试验组NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(t值分别为2.119、2.913、2.187,均P<0.05),试验组90 d BI评分显著高于对照组(t=2.39,P<0.05). 结论 在不增加出血风险的情况下,尤瑞克林提高rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.     

小剂量重组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与尿激酶、重组链激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床对比分析

目的观察小剂量重组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt—PA）、尿激酶（UK）和重组链激酶（r—sK）治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效和安全性。方法114例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为rt—PA组38例，UK组37例，r—SK组39例。分别应用纤溶酶原激活剂50mg、尿激酶150万U、链激酶150万U静脉输入。结果rt—PA组、UK组、r—sK组临床血管再通率分别为84．21％、51．35％、69．23％，三者之间疗效比较P〈0．05。3组溶栓后不良反应、5周病死率比较P〉0．05，差异无显著性。结论rt—PA治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效明显优于UK和r—SK，而r—SK的疗效优于UK。溶栓后不良反应、5周病死率比较差异无显著性。     

急性脑梗死患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物静脉溶栓后脑出血

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)静脉溶栓是急性缺血性卒中最有效的治疗手段,其最严重的并发症为有症状脑出血,文献撒道其总体发生率为6%,与血管损伤和通透性增加有关.某些临床特征、影像学和实验室检查可预测脑出血并发症风险.溶栓治疗后发生脑出血并发症的患者病死率和致残率极高,预后很差.文章对溶栓后脑出血的分型、发生率、预测因素和预后进行了综述.     

Regulation of tissue plasminogen activator in sickle cell anemia

Evidence of activation of the clotting system in individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) has been observed by several investigators. It has been suggested that the clotting and fibrinolytic systems may play a role in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion in SCA. We reported previously evidence of abnormal fibrinolytic activity as reflected in decreased releasable tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) using a functional assay. We have examined the mechanism of the decreased functional releasable t-PA in individuals with SCA. We studied 12 patients with respect to releasable t-PA, fast acting inhibitor to t-PA (or PAI-1), and immunoreactive or antigenic t-PA. These SCA individuals were at their baseline states and not taking medications known to interfere with the fibrinolytic or clotting systems. We found that the mean releasable t-PA for the SCA individuals was 0.01 IU/ml of plasma with a standard error of mean (SEM) of 0.01. The mean releasable t-PA of 118 healthy normal controls was 0.70 IU/ml with SEM 0.10 (P less than .001). The mean level of fast-acting inhibitor to t-PA in unoccluded circulation of the SCA patients' plasma was 16.5 IU/ml with SEM of 3.54. The mean plasma levels of fast-acting inhibitor to t-PA in 56 healthy controls was 2.56 IU/ml with SEM of 0.29 (P less than .0001). The SCA patients had a mean baseline t-PA antigen level of 5.98 ng/ml with SEM of 1.72. The mean level of t-PA antigen of 78 healthy controls using the same technique was 4.3 ng/ml with SEM of 2.7 (not significant). The mean baseline functional t-PA for SCA individuals was 0.15 IU/ml with SEM 0.01 and the mean baseline functional t-PA for 118 controls was 0.17 IU/ml with SEM 0.10. These data suggest that the mechanism of decreased releasable t-PA in sickle cell anemia is related to an elevation of fast-acting inhibitor to t-PA and that antigenically t-PA is present in normal quantities in the baseline plasma in this population.