Prognostic value of copeptin in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundIschemic myocardial injury leads to neurohormonal system activation and increased release of copeptin. Although diagnostic value of copeptin has been widely described, data on its prognostic performance in patients with myocardial infarction is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to asses if elevated copeptin concentration provides prognostic information for long-term adverse cardiac events in a cohort of first acute myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsCopeptin concentration was assessed in a cohort of 100 consecutive patients (39% women; mean age 63±7 years) presenting with first acute myocardial infarction and subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention. Samples were collected at the time of admission and on the 4^th/5^th day of hospitalisation. All patients were followed-up prospectively for 12 months for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events defined as reinfarction, unscheduled coronary revascularisation and all-cause death.ResultsElevated copeptin concentration on the 4^th/5^th day of hospitalisation was identified as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (P=0.0445). The increase between copeptin level on admission and on day 4^th/5^th was associated with the requirement for unscheduled coronary revascularisation in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis (AUC =0.639; 95% CI: 0.504–0.773; P=0.0430). In a multivariate analysis, copeptin concentration on the 4^th/5^th day of hospitalisation and left ventricular ejection fraction assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, were the only predictors for major adverse cardiac events during follow-up (P=0.024 and P=0.001, respectively).ConclusionsCopeptin seems to be a prognostic marker in patients with first myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.     

急性心肌梗死患者血清白细胞介素16及和肽素检测的临床意义

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清白细胞介素16(IL-16)及和肽素(Copeptin)的表达及其临床意义.方法 选取AMI患者108例,根据心电图检查结果是否出现ST段抬高将患者分为急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)组(55例)和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)组(53例).另选取同期在行体检的...     

Diagnostic value of copeptin combined with hypersensitive cardiac troponin T detection in early acute myocardial infarction: A protocol of randomized double-blind diagnostic trial

Background:The sensitivity and specificity of the routine detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in early diagnosis are not high, which can not meet the clinical needs. Copeptin combined with hypersensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is a new detection scheme, and its value in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is still unclear. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of copeptin combined with hypersensitive troponin T detection in early acute myocardial infarction.Methods:This is a prospective, randomized; double-blind diagnostic trial to investigate the diagnostic value of copeptin combined with hypersensitive troponin T detection in early acute myocardial infarction. Approved by the clinical research ethics of our hospital. Patients were randomly divided into one of 2 test protocols: (A) copeptin combined with hs-cTnT group and (B) cardiac troponin I (cTnI) group. Patients, doctors, nurses, inspectors, and data-gathering assistants were blinded to group allocation. We will focus on the sensitivity comparison of the 2 detection methods at different time periods and the sensitivity and specificity comparison of the two detection methods. Data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 25.0 (Chicago, IL).Discussion:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of copeptin combined with hypersensitive cardiac troponin T detection in early acute myocardial infarction. The results of this study will establish clinical evidence for the detection of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.Ethics and dissemination:Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6TE5Z.     

急诊介入与替罗非班联合治疗对急性心肌梗死患者心肌损伤、内皮功能及心功能的影响

目的 探讨急诊介入与替罗非班联合治疗对急性心肌梗死患者心肌损伤、内皮功能及心功能的影响。方法 选取2015年1月至2016年6月我院收治的AMI患者97例作为研究对象,两组患者均接受常规PCI术,观察组在PCI球囊扩张狭窄血管后给予替罗非班注射液,对照组不给予替罗非班注射液,比较两组患者治疗前后CK-MB、cTnI、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1及心功能指标水平。结果 术前,观察组与对照组上述指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组术后12h CK-MB较术前显著升高(P<0.05),术后12h、24h的cTnI均较术前显著升高(P<0.05),观察组术后12h的CK-MB低于对照组,观察组术后24h的cTnI低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后24h、72h的sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平均比术前升高(P<0.05);术后24h、72h,观察组的sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平均比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7d、30d两组LVEF均显著高于术前,LVEDD、LVESD均显著低于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后7d、30d观察组的LVEF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),术后30d,观察组LVEDD、LVESD分别为(45.74±3.43)mm、(36.19±3.50)mm,显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 急诊介入与替罗非班联合治疗对急性心肌梗死患者的心肌损伤、内皮功能及心功能均有明显改善作用。     

A population-based evaluation of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score for unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score (TIMI-RS) for unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) was developed in patients presenting with unstable angina accompanied by high-risk features or non-ST elevation MI to determine early risk stratification. HYPOTHESIS: The validity in patients presenting for emergency care with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been well established, and the present study sought to do so by evaluating the TIMI-RS in a prospective fashion. METHODS: A prospective TIMI-RS using seven variables was calculated in 245 patients admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggestive of ACS: (1) age > 65, (2) three or more cardiac risk factors, (3) ST deviation, (4) aspirin use within 7 days, (5) two or more anginal events over 24 h, (6) history of coronary stenosis, and (7) elevated troponin. Patients were contacted at 30 days and data were collected concerning major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: In patients presenting with chest pain, a higher TIMI-RS was associated with an increase in major adverse cardiac events within 30 days. We found that the 30-day event rate was 0% for a score of 1, 20% for a score of 2, 24% for a score of 3, 42% for a score of 4, 52% for a score of 5, and 70% for a score of 6 or 7 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The TIMI-RS successfully differentiates early risk for major adverse cardiac events in a general population presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. A simple bedside calculation of the TIMI-RS provides rapid risk stratification, allowing facilitation of therapeutic decision making in patients with symptoms suggestive of ACS.     

血清肌钙蛋白I诊断急性心肌梗塞的研究

用抗人心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）单抗，建立酶联法检测血清ｃＴｎＩ，测健康人、室上性心动过速及陈旧性心梗患者的血清ｃＴｎＩ浓度为０～７μｇ／Ｌ（参照值）。重复检测差异小于８．７％，回收率１００．１％。６１例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）病人血清ｃＴｎＩ均大于７μｇ／Ｌ。未溶栓患者胸痛后４～６小时血清ｃＴｎＩ上升，其峰值时间、上升曲线与ＣＫ－ＭＢ相似，峰值是参照值上限的２４倍。ｃＴｎＩ在血清中持续升高至少５天。溶栓治疗后血管再通病人血清ｃＴｎＩ峰值提前６小时，幅度增高。在溶栓治疗后８～１２小时，ｃＴｎＩ显著高于溶栓未通或未溶栓（未自溶）病人（Ｐ＜０．０５）。作者认为，用抗人ｃＴｎＩ单抗检测血清ｃＴｎＩ是诊断ＡＭＩ敏感与特异的指标之一。溶栓后连续检测ｃＴｎＩ还可能成为判断冠状动脉再通的指标之一。     

Acute myocardial infarction

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning or Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction, electrocardiographic changes that mimic acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and minimal release of myocardial enzymes, with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Although prognosis and outcome are relatively good, reported complications include intraventricular thrombi and embolic events. We report an extremely rare case of AMI complicating the early in‐hospital course of a patient with TS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparative analysis of cardiac troponin i and creatine kinase-MB as markers of acute myocardial infarction

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) includes presentation of chest pain over 20 min, evolutionary changes on the electrocardiogram (ECG), and abnormal levels of cardiac enzymes. Hypothesis: A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in detecting and ruling out AMI. Methods: The normal range for cTnI in 149 apparently healthy subjects without known history of cardiac or other diseases was 0 to 0.5 ng/ml. Cutoffs of 2.5 ng/ml for cTnI and 5.0 ng/ml for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were used. Results: The diagnostic sensitivity of blood collected from 291 consecutive patients with suspicion of AMI was 95.0 and 96.4%, respectively, for samples obtained at 4–48 h after AMI onset. CK-MB was more sensitive during the early 4–8 h interval (84 vs. 74%); both had 100% sensitivity from 12–36 h. CTnI remained at 100% for 72 h, while CK-MB declined to 57%. The clinical specificity was 97.4 vs. 85.8%, respectively, on non-AMI patients with cardiac and noncardiac diseases, and those with renal disease. Conclusion: cTnI is an excellent marker for detecting and ruling out AMI, because it has better specificity and a wider diagnostic window than the accepted standard, CK-MB.     

Predictors of short term clinical and angiographic outcome after coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Coronary angioplasty is an effective method to achieve myocardial reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We reviewed our experience in 132 patients (pts) who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a totally occluded infarct-related artery (IRA) within 24 h after the onset of symptoms (mean delay 10±7 h), in order to identify the predictors of primary success and of major complications. PTCA was successfully performed in 113 patients (86%). Failure without complications occurred in 12 patients (8.4%); untoward events (death and emergency CABG) occurred in seven patients (5.3%). Pts in the failure group were more likely to have cardiogenic shock (53 vs. 8.8%, P<.0005), longer time to reperfusion (15±6 vs. 9±6 h, P<.0005), lower ejection fraction (EF) (42±16 vs. 54±12%, P<.0005), multivessel disease (74 vs. 43%, P<.03), and a smaller IRA diameter (2.8±0.6 vs. 3.1± 0.6 mm, P<.03). Sex, age, previous bypass surgery, previous thrombolytic treatment, IRA, and infarct location were similar in both groups. Absence of cardiogenic shock (P<.0001), decreasing time to reperfusion (P<.005) and increasing EF (P<.02) were independent predictors of successful PTCA. Presence of cardiogenic shock (P<.0001) and decreasing EF (<.05) were independent predictors of untoward events. Repeat angiography was performed 24 h after the procedure in the success group. Angiographic deterioration (stenosis ? 50% and/or TIMI flow grade ? 1) was present in 18 pts (16%), among whose 5 pts (4.4%) had re-occlusion of the IRA. Pts with early angiographic deterioration were more likely to have a lower IRA diameter (2.8±0.5 vs. 3.1±0.6 mm, P<.02). Conclusion: Emergency PTCA is an effective method for establishing reperfusion in AMI. Pts with high-risk baseline characteristics show the highest rate of untoward events, but are the most likely to benefit from aggressive reperfusion therapy. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, inc.     

Critical pathways in the emergency department improve treatment modalities for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a European hospital

BACKGROUND: The use of protocols for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) is growing, but no definite conclusion regarding the value of critical pathways in Europe has been drawn. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of critical pathway on processes of care and outcome for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) of a large urban European hospital because of possible ST-elevation MI. METHODS: Critical pathways for management of acute chest pain at our ED were developed in 1998 and have been revised every year. Accordingly, the records of all patients referred in 1997 to the ED because of chest pain (before pathway implementation) and in 2001 (after last pathway revision) were reviewed. An ST-elevation MI was diagnosed at ED in 520 of 5,066 (10.3%) patients with chest pain in 1997, and in 452 of 4,843 (9.3%) patients with chest pain in 2001. Patients were managed according to the ED cardiologists' decisions in 1997, whereas they entered the pathways for ST-elevation MI in 2001, with predefined criteria for diagnosis, thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, and admission to the coronary care unit. RESULTS: Comparison of treatment modalities disclosed that more patients were given thrombolysis in 1997 (49 vs. 16%, p<0.05), whereas in 2001 more patients were sent to primary angioplasty (63 vs. 11%, p<0.05). Also in 2001, patients more often received aspirin (90 vs. 61%, p<0.05) and intravenous beta blockers (60 vs. 35%, p<0.05) soon after arrival at the ED. Comparison between 1997 and 2001 revealed that admission rates to the coronary care unit (69 vs. 78%, NS) and cardiac wards were similar (19 vs. 10%, NS). Conversely, compared with 1997, patients hospitalized in 2001 had a shorter length of stay (12 +/- 5 vs. 18 +/- 6 days, p<0.05), as well as fewer major adverse coronary events (21 vs. 30%, p<0.05) and lower all-cause in-hospital mortality (12 vs. 20%, p<0.05). The quality of care indicators improved with time, as door-to-electrocardiogram interval (10 +/- 6 vs. 19 +/- 9 min, p<0.05), door-to-needle time (25 +/- 10 vs. 35 +/- 10 min, p<0.05), and door-to-balloon interval (70 +/- 15 vs. 99 +/- 20 min, p<0.05) were shorter in 2001 than in 1997. CONCLUSIONS: A critical pathway for ST-elevation MI at the ED increases the use of evidence-based treatment strategies and improves outcome and quality of care of patients presenting to a European hospital because of acute chest pain.     

Mortality differences among patients with in-hospital ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundIn‐hospital ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a higher mortality rate than out‐of‐hospital STEMI. Quality measures and universal protocols for treatment of in‐hospital STEMI do not exist, likely contributing to delays in recognition and treatment.HypothesisTo analyze differences in mortality among three subsets of patients who develop in‐hospital STEMI.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective observational study of patients who developed in‐hospital STEMI at six United States medical centers between 2008 and 2017. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) cardiac, (2) periprocedure, or (3) noncardiac/nonpostprocedure. Outcomes examined include time from electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition to cardiac catheterization lab arrival (ECG‐to‐CCL) and survival to discharge.ResultsWe identified 184 patients with in‐hospital STEMI (mean age 68.7 years, 58.7% male). Group 1 (cardiac) patients had a shorter average ECG‐to‐CCL time (69 minutes) than group 2 (periprocedure, 215 minutes) and group 3 (noncardiac/nonpostprocedure, 199 minutes). Compared to group 1, survival to discharge was lower for group 2 (OR 0.33, P = .102) and group 3 (OR 0.20, P = .016). After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the relationship between group and survival showed a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsPatients who develop in‐hospital STEMI in the context of a preceding procedure or noncardiac illness appear to have longer reperfusion times and higher in‐hospital mortality than patients admitted with cardiac diagnoses. Larger studies are warranted to further investigate these observations. Health systems should place an increased emphasis on developing quality metrics and implementing quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes for in‐hospital STEMI.     

早发冠心病心肌梗死型与非心肌梗死型危险因素差异分析

目的探讨早发冠心病中心肌梗死型与非心肌梗死型的危险因素差异。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2009年12月在沈阳医学院附属奉天医院心血管内科住院并确诊的45岁及以下冠心病患者165例,分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组和非AMI组。对两组患者的相关临床资料及危险因素进行统计分析。结果 AMI组吸烟史比例、男性比率、血浆纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体均高于非AMI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组的血脂异常率、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积、凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比值(INR)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的差异无统计学意义。结论吸烟、男性性别、血脂水平异常是早发冠心病重要危险因素;血浆纤维蛋白原水平增高对于预测早发冠心病心肌梗死可能具有一定的临床意义。     

Analysis of the Albumin Cobalt Binding (ACB) test as an adjunct to cardiac troponin I for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction

Human albumin has the ability to bind cobalt at the N-terminus. The exposure of circulating albumin to ischemic tissue alters the ability of albumin to bind cobalt, probably through a mechanism involving free-radical production. The Albumin Cobalt Binding (ACB^TM) test measures the alteration in albumin metal binding, and elevation of the ACB test is thought to be an early indicator of myocardial ischemia. In a previous multicenter study of chest pain patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), this test demonstrated high negative predictive value and sensitivity in the sample collected at presentation for predicting cardiac troponin I (cTnl)-negative or cTnl-positive results 6–24 h later. Since the completion of that report, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) have redefined the criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The data from the multicenter ACB study were re-examined using the new diagnostic criteria for AMI to determine if combining the ACB test with troponin improved the sensitivity of either assay used alone for early diagnosis of AMI. Assay values were compared to either the final discharge diagnosis made at each site or to a diagnosis of AMI using the strict application of the ESC/ACC guidelines. Using the criterion of physician's discharge diagnosis and using blood collected at ED presentation, the cTnl test alone had a sensitivity of 23.9%, and the ACB test alone had a sensitivity of 39.1%, but the sensitivity significantly increased to 55.9% (p<0.001 over cTnl alone) when both tests were used in combination. The sensitivity of the combination of ACB and cTnl tests at the 1- to 6-h time-point was 86.7% and at the >6- to 12-h time-point was 93.5%, but they were not significantly improved over the cTnl test alone. In conclusion, using the new ESC/ACC criteria, the combination also resulted in a statistically significant higher diagnostic sensitivity on blood collected at presentation. These data indicate a possible role of the ACB test in the early triage of patients with chest pain.     

Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as acute myocardial infarction with coronary dissection

Coronary manifestations of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) are rarely identified pre-mortem. We report a 51-year-old female with PAN causing a coronary dissection and new lesions developing over the next 5 days. PAN should be added to the list of differential diagnoses for spontaneous coronary dissections. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:320–324, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

血浆和肽素与急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的关系

目的:探讨血浆和肽素和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中的关系及对其近期预后的预测价值.方法:选择因胸痛(发病时间<24 h)入院诊断为AMI患者97例,冠状动脉造影正常者30例为对照组.采用ELISA法测定血浆和肽素浓度,采用免疫荧光定量技术测定cTnI浓度,连续测定3 d和肽素和cTnI水平.记录...     

C‐reactive protein during and after myocardial infarction in relation to cardiac injury and left ventricular function at follow‐up

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) invokes a large inflammatory response, which contributes to myocardial repair.

Hypothesis

We investigated whether C‐reactive protein (CRP) measured during MI vs at 1 month follow‐up improves the prediction of left ventricular (LV) function.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 131 consecutive patients with acute MI and without non‐cardiovascular causes of inflammation. We correlated admission and peak levels of CRP during hospitalization and high‐sensitivity (hs) CRP at 1 month follow‐up with markers of cardiac injury. Clinical follow‐up and echocardiography for LV function were performed at a mean of 17 months.

Results

Median CRP levels were 1.89 mg/L on admission with MI, peaked to 12.10 mg/L during hospitalization and dropped to 1.24 mg/L at 1 month. Although admission CRP levels only weakly correlated with ejection fraction in the acute phase of MI (coefficient ?0.164, P = 0.094), peak CRP was significantly related to ejection fraction (coefficient ?0.4, P < 0.001), hsTroponin T (0.389, P < 0.001), and white blood cell count (0.389, P < 0.001). hsCRP at 1 month was not related to the extent of acute cardiac injury. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort of 57 patients. Peak CRP predicted LV dysfunction at follow‐up (OR 11.0, 3.1‐39.5 per log CRP, P < 0.001), persisting after adjustment for infarct size (OR 5.1, 1.1‐23.6, P = 0.037), while hsCRP at 1 month was unrelated to LV function at follow‐up.

Conclusions

hsCRP 1 month post‐MI does not relate to acute cardiac injury or LV function at follow‐up, but we confirm that peak CRP is an independent predictor of LV dysfunction at follow‐up.

     

急性心肌梗死并发心脏破裂危险因素分析

目的分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心脏破裂的临床特点、危险因素及预后,并探讨临床防治措施。方法回顾性收集AMI患者1561例,其中发生心脏破裂患者21例为心脏破裂组,随机选取未发生心脏破裂的AMI患者105例为对照组,采集2组患者临床资料及治疗方案,分析AMI并发心脏破裂的危险因素。结果与对照组比较,心脏破裂组年龄、入院心率、女性、肌钙蛋白、N末端B型钠尿肽前体、尿素明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),急诊PCI、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、使用β受体阻滞剂及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)比例明显降低,差异有统计学意义[42.86%vs 72.38%,P=0.011;(119.33±19.37)g/L vs (139.29±17.65)g/L,P=0.001;(4.13±0.62)×10^12/L vs (4.60±0.69)×10^12/L,P=0.010;47.62%vs 73.33%,P=0.020;23.81%vs 52.38%,P=0.017]。结论女性、高龄、再灌注时间延迟、入院心率快、高NT-ProBNP、高肌钙蛋白、低血红蛋白、低红细胞计数是AMI患者心脏破裂的危险因素,早期的再灌注治疗、ACEI/ARB、β受体阻滞剂的使用是预防AMI后发生心脏破裂的重要措施。