东莨菪碱谵妄大鼠脑脊液不同单胺类递质的变化及其意义

目的 观察不同类单胺类镇静药对东莨菪碱谵妄大鼠谵妄行为的反转作用及其对脑脊液内单胺类递质的影响,探讨术后谵妄的可能机制.方法 采用东莨菪碱谵妄模型及旷场实验箱,将30只Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为5组:NS组(腹腔注射1 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液),S组(腹腔注射东莨菪碱1.8 mg/kg),S+T组(腹腔注射东莨菪碱1. 8 mg/kg及曲马多10 mg/kg),S+C组(腹腔注射东莨菪碱1.8 mg/kg及氯氮平5 mg/kg),S+D组(腹腔注射东莨菪碱1.8 mg/kg及右美托咪定30μg/kg).通过旷场实验,观察用药前及用药后1 h内大鼠的行为学变化,并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测脑脊液内单胺类递质的变化.结果 与注射药物前比较,S组大鼠注射药物后的水平、垂直运动性均显著提高(P值均＜0.05),中央格停留时间延长及跨格数显著增多(P值均＜0.05),脑脊液中单胺类递质水平均逐渐升高(P值均＜0.05).S+T组的周边跑格数、垂直运动数、中央格停留时间及跨格数、修饰时间与NS组的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),但脑脊液中五羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)水平显著降低(P＜0.05),3,4-双羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)及高香草酸(HVA)水平显著升高(P值均＜0.05).在S+C组和S+D组注射药物后5～20 min的高峰时段,上述各项行为学指标与同时间点的NS组的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),S+C组大鼠脑脊液内各类单胺类递质水平与本组注射药物前及NS组的差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 曲马多可反转东莨菪碱所致的大鼠谵妄现象.东莨菪碱所致的大鼠谵妄现象可能与其脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物5-HIAA水平增加及5-HT或5-HIAA受体敏感性或受体数量改变有关,而与多巴胺及α2肾上腺素递质系统活动的相关性较小.     

丙泊酚对焦虑症模型大鼠焦虑样行为及学习记忆功能的影响

目的:观察丙泊酚对焦虑症模型大鼠焦虑样行为及学习记忆功能的影响。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为正常组和焦虑组各18只。采用"不确定性空瓶应激"方法制备焦虑症大鼠模型。造模后正常组随机分为生理盐水组、丙泊酚组各9只,焦虑组分为模型组、丙泊酚治疗组各9只。丙泊酚组、丙泊酚治疗组大鼠腹腔注射麻醉剂量丙泊酚(75 mg/kg),生理盐水组、模型组大鼠给予等容量生理盐水腹腔注射。注射丙泊酚后12 h进行旷场实验检测,间隔24 h进行Morris水迷宫测试。结果:①造模后,焦虑组旷场实验的垂直活动次数、跨格数较造模前均减少(P<0.01)。②丙泊酚给药后12 h,与给药前相比丙泊酚组的垂直活动次数(P<0.01)、跨格数(P<0.01)均减少;丙泊酚治疗组的垂直活动次数增加(P<0.01)。③定位航行实验,与模型组相比,丙泊酚治疗组在第1天的逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05)。与丙泊酚组相比,丙泊酚治疗组在第1天的逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05)。结论:麻醉剂量的丙泊酚可以缓解焦虑症大鼠的焦虑样行为,但可能增加正常大鼠麻醉后焦虑样行为,且会减弱近期焦虑症大鼠的学习功能。     

补肾壮阳胶囊对精神分裂症模型大鼠认知行为的影响

目的:探讨补肾壮阳胶囊(WSKY)对MK801所致精神分裂症模型大鼠的认知行为影响。方法:将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:对照组(生理盐水灌胃+生理盐水腹腔注射),模型组(生理盐水灌胃+MK801腹腔注射),低剂量组[0.655g/(kg·d)WSKY灌胃+MK801腹腔注射],高剂量组[3.275g/(kg·d)WSKY灌胃+MK801腹腔注射]。WSKY预处理2周后腹腔注射MK801构建精神分裂症模型,建立模型后立即进行Morris水迷宫及旷场实验。结果:旷场实验:各组大鼠自发活动总路程无明显差异;Morris水迷宫:与对照组相比,模型组逃避潜伏时间显著延长(P<0.05),原平台象限停留时间及穿越次数显著减少(P<0.05);经WSKY干预2周的高剂量组逃避潜伏时间、原平台象限停留时间及穿越次数,与对照组比较无显著差异,与模型组及低剂量组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:补肾壮阳胶囊能改善MK801所致谷氨酸能低下精神分裂症模型大鼠的认知行为。     

慢性心理应激对实验大鼠行为和免疫功能的影响

目的探讨慢性心理应激对实验大鼠行为和免疫功能的影响。方法取健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为两组:对照组(10只)、心理应激组(10只)以慢性束缚制动法建立慢性心理应激模型,通过旷场试验及悬尾试验观察各组大鼠在应激前后的行为变化;用放射免疫法测定血清皮质醇、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8的含量。结果(1)实验前两组大鼠体重无统计学意义;实验终止时,应激组大鼠体重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)旷场实验结果显示,应激组大鼠的潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),穿格数、直立次数、修饰时间显著减少(P<0.01),粪便粒数显著增加(P<0.05);(3)悬尾实验结果显示,应激组静止时间显著增长(P<0.01),挣扎次数显著减少(P<0.01);(4)应激组大鼠血清皮质醇含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而IL-2、IL-6、IL-8含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论慢性心理应激可引起大鼠体重增长缓慢、行为异常、释放过量皮质醇,使大鼠免疫功能受到抑制。     

慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马神经肽Y的表达及氟西汀的干预作用

目的研究慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马中NPY的表达情况及氟西汀的干预作用。方法将大鼠随机分为抑郁模型组、氟西汀治疗组和对照组。模型组和氟西汀组给予21 d的应激刺激,此期间对照组正常饲养,刺激期间氟西汀组每天腹腔注射氟西汀(10mg/kg),模型组和对照组每天腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水。行为学检测应用open-field法和液体消耗实验。采用western-b lotting法检测各组大鼠海马NPY表达的水平。结果应激后模型组水平穿越格数(19.5±7.2)、竖立次数(10.2±2.6)、修饰次数(6.6±2.4)、糖水消耗百分比[(53.1±9.5)%],均显著低于对照组[分别为(31.4±7.3)、(19.0±2.4)、(14.0±2.4)、(76.0±2.7);均P<0.01]。应激后氟西汀组水平穿越格数(26.2±3.5)与对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05),但高于模型组(P<0.05);竖立次数(13.9±4.2)低于对照组(P<0.01),但高于模型组(P<0.05);修饰次数(10.3±1.6)低于对照组(P<0.01),但高于模型组(P<0.01);糖水消耗百分比(61.5±8.5)%低于对照组(P<0.01),与模型组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。模型组大鼠慢性应激后海马中NPY的表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01));氟西汀组大鼠慢性应激后海马中NPY的表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)),但明显高于模型组大鼠,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马中NPY的表达降低并可以被氟西汀部分逆转。     

迷迭香干预三重脑震荡大鼠焦虑行为变化

目的 用迷迭香干预多重脑震荡 (multiple cerebral concussion, MCC) 大鼠, 观察其抗焦虑治疗作用.方法 用单摆打击装置复制大鼠三重脑震荡 (3MCC) 模型.将损伤大鼠随机分成迷迭香高、中、低3个剂量组、吐温溶剂组、3MCC组和正常对照组 (C组) .伤后连续给药16 d后, 进行旷场实验 (OFT) , 评估其焦虑样行为改变情况.结果 (1) 与正常组比较:各实验组在旷场中央区活动时间均减少, 在旷场周围区活动时间增加, 除高剂量组外, 其余各组差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05) ;各实验组在总穿格数、中央穿格数均减少, 且差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) ;在周边穿格数检测中, 除中剂量组外, 其余各组均减少, 且低剂量组、3MCC组、吐温组差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) ; (2) 与3MCC组比较:各药物干预组在旷场中央区活动时间、总穿格数均明显多于损伤组, 在旷场周边区活动时间明显少于损伤组, 差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) ;在旷场中央与周围穿格数中除低剂量组外, 均明显多于损伤组, 差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) .在大鼠直立次数中各实验组差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) .结论 三重脑震荡大鼠伤后17 d出现了明显的焦虑样行为改变, 迷迭香伤后早期干预可明显改善多重脑震荡大鼠的伤后焦虑样行为.     

α-细辛醚对FMR1基因敲除小鼠旷场行为的干预作用

目的探讨α-细辛醚对FMR1基因敲除小鼠的旷场行为的干预作用。方法通过对30日龄FMR1基因敲除小鼠连续腹腔注射不同剂量α-细辛醚5天,用药第5天进行旷场行为实验,观察能否改善KO鼠过度活动的表型。结果在旷场行为实验中,与WT鼠相比,未使用α-细辛醚的KO鼠的总运动长度及总跨格次数,中央格(区4)活动时间,中央格(区4)进入次数均比WT鼠多,P<0.05;使用α-细辛醚后,KO鼠α-细辛醚6~24 mg/kg剂量组与生理盐水(0 mg/kg)组比较,旷场实验运动长度及跨格次数均有减少(P<0.05)。结论 6~24mg/kgα-细辛醚能改善KO鼠活动过度的表型,可能对FMR1基因敲除小鼠有治疗作用。     

东莨菪碱对大鼠强迫游泳行为的影响及其作用靶点

目的 阐明东莨菪碱发挥抗抑郁作用的可能脑区和靶点。方法 明确东莨菪碱的抗抑郁样作用：将正常Sprague Dawley （SD）大鼠采用数字表法随机分为东莨菪碱组和0.9%（质量分数）氯化钠注射液对照组,腹腔注射25 μg/kg东莨菪碱或等体积0.9%（质量分数）氯化钠注射液,24 h后进行旷场实验和强迫游泳实验以评价东莨菪碱对大鼠抑郁样行为的影响;明确东莨菪碱发挥抗抑郁效应的脑区：在腹腔注射25 μg/kg东莨菪碱前1 h向大鼠内侧前额叶皮质（medial prefrontal cortex,mPFC）立体定位注射γ-氨基丁酸-A （γ-aminobutyric acid-A,GABA-A）受体激动剂蝇蕈醇（Muscimol）1.25 μg,24 h后观察东莨菪碱的行为学效应是否被阻断;探索东莨菪碱抗抑郁的作用靶点：通过微量给药系统分批次分别向大鼠侧脑室注射毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体2（muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2,M₂）选择性拮抗剂（methoctramine,MCT）0.5、1和2 μg,对照组均给予2 μL 0.9%（质量分数）氯化钠注射液,24 h后利用旷场实验和强迫游泳测试评价大鼠行为学变化。结果 腹腔注射东莨菪碱24 h后,大鼠强迫游泳不动时间低于对照组（P<0.05）,旷场总路程差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;向mPFC注射Muscimol可明显增加东莨菪碱组大鼠的不动时间（P<0.01）,旷场总路程差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与侧脑室注射0.9%（质量分数）氯化钠注射液相比,0.5 μg MCT不影响大鼠在强迫游泳实验中不动时间（P>0.05）,1 μg MCT可明显降低影响大鼠不动时间（P<0.01）,而2 μg MCT则可明显增加影响大鼠不动时间（P<0.05）。结论 东莨菪碱可能通过阻断mPFC的M₂受体发挥抗抑郁作用。     

腹腔手术对老龄大鼠认知功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔手术对老龄大鼠认知功能的影响,建立老龄术后认知功能障碍大鼠模型。方法:18月龄雄性SD大鼠45只,体重500-650g,随机分为3组:对照组(C组,n=15)、麻醉组(A组,n=15)和手术组(S组,n=15)。采用脾切除+阑尾切除+腹腔探查术建立老龄大鼠术后认知功能障碍模型。C组腹腔注射生理盐水3ml;A组腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠注射液50mg/kg(稀释至3ml)麻醉,不行手术;S组腹腔注射与A组等量的麻醉药物后行脾切除+阑尾切除+腹腔探查术。各组随机分为3个亚组(n=5),于麻醉或手术结束后第1,3,7天采用Y迷宫实验和旷场分析实验测试大鼠认知功能(即C1、C3、C7组,A1、A3、A7组,S1、S3、S7组)。结果:各组大鼠术前Y迷宫测试指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与C组比较,A组大鼠术后各时点Y迷宫测试指标正确反应次数(RN)及全天总反应时间(TRT)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第1,3天,与C、A组相比,S组大鼠RN减少,TRT延长(P<0.01);术后第7天,与C、A组相比,S组大鼠RN及TRT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与C组比较,A组大鼠术后各时点旷场分析指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1,3天,与C、A组相比,S组大鼠中央格时间延长,跨格及站立次数减少(P<0.01,P<0.05);术后第7天,与C、A组相比,S组大鼠中央格时间、跨格次数、站立次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:脾切除+阑尾切除+腹腔探查术可导致老龄大鼠术后认知功能障碍,该模型可作为研究手术应激导致术后认知功能障碍的动物模型。     

孤养对单次延长应激建立的创伤后应激障碍模型大鼠行为学的影响

目的通过单次延长应激(SPS)建立创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)模型,观察孤养对SPS模型大鼠的影响。方法将36只大鼠随机分为正常组、SPS模型组及SPS联合孤养组,SPS模型组、SPS联合孤养组给予SPS造模,SPS联合孤养组造模后进行单独饲养。造模7 d后检测大鼠体重增长数,旷场实验中运动总距离、穿格次数以及单次最大运动距离,僵立行为测试中僵立行为次数及时间。结果与正常组大鼠进行比较,SPS模型组大鼠体重增长数、单次最大运动距离明显减少(P0.01),运动总距离、穿格次数减少(P0.05),僵立行为测试僵立行为次数及时间明显增加(P0.01);SPS联合孤养组大鼠体重增长数减少(P0.05),僵立行为测试僵立行为次数及时间增加(P0.05)。与SPS模型组比较,SPS联合孤养组旷场实验中运动总距离、穿格次数以及单次最大运动距离增加(P0.05)。结论本实验成功通过单次延长应激复制了创伤后应激障碍大鼠模型,7 d孤养使得SPS模型焦虑状态得到改善。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.