经额颞断颧弓入路切除海绵窦区神经鞘瘤

目的探讨额颞断颧弓入路在海绵窦区神经鞘瘤手术切除中的使用。方法回顾性分析近5年来采用额颞断颧弓入路显微外科方法切除28例海绵窦区神经鞘瘤患者临床资料（资料来自北京天坛医院）。结果全切除27例,1例次全切除,术后短期出现外展神经功能障碍2例,动眼神经麻痹2例,肢体轻瘫1例,3个月后均完全恢复,无死亡病例,标本经病理证实为神经鞘瘤。结论经额颞断颧弓入路能够充分暴露中颅底及海绵窦,有助于该部位肿瘤的全切除及神经功能保护。     

三叉神经鞘瘤的诊断与手术入路选择

目的 探讨三叉神经鞘瘤的诊断与手术入路选择。方法 回顾性分析28例三叉神经鞘瘤的临床资料。结果 肿瘤获全切除25例，次全切除2例和大部切除1例。出院时好转27例，加重1例。结论 三叉神经鞘瘤可分成为：（1）颅中窝型；（2）颅后窝型；（3）颅中后窝型；（4）颅外型；（5）颅中窝颅内外沟通型；（6）颅中后窝颅内外沟通型。颅中窝型肿瘤宜取翼点或改良翼点入路；颅后窝型肿瘤宜取枕下乙状窦后入路；颅中后窝型肿瘤宜取颞底经天幕入路。颅中窝颅内外沟通瘤宜取颞下硬脑膜外入路。     

三叉神经鞘瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨三叉神经鞘瘤的手术入路。方法 回顾分析经手术和病理证实的三叉神经鞘瘤49例的临床和随访结果。结果 显微镜下全切除25例，近全切除20例，大部切除3例，死亡1例。结论 三叉神经鞘瘤进行CT、MRI检查均可明确诊断，显微治疗是最佳方法，正确选择手术入路是全切肿瘤的关键。     

扩大颅中窝硬外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤

目的 报道１１例经扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤的手术方法和体会。方法 回顾分析我院（９０～９８年）１１例哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤经扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除的疗效。结果 肿瘤全切除８例,次全切除３例,无手术死亡。术后出现新的颅神经功能障碍２例,短期内多能恢复。结论 采用扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤疗效满意。     

侵犯海绵窦的三叉神经鞘瘤伴卒中一例

患者女,56岁。因右眼视物模糊1个月入院。1个月前开始无明显诱因出现右眼视物模糊,伴疼痛,复视。查体:右侧瞳孔大于左侧3·5mm 3·0mm,直接、间接对光反射灵敏,右眼外展受限,视野无明显异常,双侧眼底检查视乳头颜色正常,边界清楚。余神经系统未见异常。MR I:右侧鞍上池见约4·8 cm×3·8 cm×5·0 cm长T1长T2信号,边界较清,其内见更长T1长T2信号,视交叉受压上抬,右侧脑干及右侧颞叶受压,中线无明显移位。术前诊断:脑膜瘤(右海绵窦旁)。术中取右侧扩大翼点入路,切除部分右侧颞极,充分显露右侧颅中窝,见颅底硬膜膨隆,穿刺抽出暗红色不凝血…     

颅后窝型三叉神经鞘瘤的诊断和治疗

目的:总结颅后窝型三叉神经鞘瘤诊断特点及各种手术入路优缺点。方法:将我院手术治疗的13例肿瘤分为A型:肿瘤局限在颅后窝;B型:肿瘤长入幕上但下部不超过内听道及岩下窦;C型:肿瘤长入幕上且侵犯到内听道及岩下窦以下。并进行回顾分析。结果:11例一期全切除,2例大部切除。结论:MRI及CT是诊断该病的重要手段,枕下入路适用于A型肿瘤,B型肿瘤宜用颞下经小脑幕入路,C型选用经颞下-乙状窦前入路。     

三叉神经鞘瘤的手术治疗

一般资料 男１６例,女１９例。年龄１３～５９岁,平均４２．５岁。病程３个月～２０年,平均２８个月。以面部麻木为首发症状的有３１例,占８９％。其次为复视、小脑症状。 肿瘤直径小于 ４ｃｍ ６例;４～６ｃｍ例;大于６ｃｍ ８例。最大的 １例为 １２ｃｍ。根据肿瘤生长部位可分为 ４型［１,２］：①中颅窝型 １１例,其中侵及海绵窦４例;②中－后颅窝哑铃型１９例,其中有２例侵及海绵窦;③后颅窝型５例;④颅内外型２例,主体位于中颅窝,突破颅底侵入眼眶１例;侵入上颌窦１例。 手术方法与结果 颞下入路切除中颅窝型三叉神经…     

经额颞硬膜外入路显微手术切除海绵窦区肿瘤

目的 报告经额颞硬膜外入路显微手术切除海绵窦区肿瘤的经验。方法 回顾性分析8例海绵窦区肿瘤的临床及影像学特征、手术方式、疗效和术后并发症。结果 肿瘤全切5例，次全切3例；术后原有颅神经症状的63．6％获得改善，27．3％同术前，9．1％较术前加重，无新的神经症状出现，无疾病及死亡病例，随访7例，时间20－23个月，无肿瘤复发。结论 采用经额颞硬膜外手术入路可较好地暴露和切除海绵窦区肿瘤，明显降低术后并发症和死亡率。     

经中颅底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤

本科自 1 996年起手术治疗三叉神经鞘瘤 1 3例 ,其中采用中颅底硬膜外入路显微手术切除肿瘤1 0例 ,效果良好 ,报告如下。资料与方法　　 1 .一般资料 :男 6例 ,女 4例。年龄 1 0～ 5 8岁 ,平均 40 7岁。2 .临床表现 :面部感觉减退 6例 ,咀嚼肌活动障碍及萎缩 3例 ,面部疼痛 2例 ,头痛 2例。病程 3个月至 4年 ,平均 2 1年。3 .影像学检查 :所有病例均经增强前后CT扫描 ,其中 6例同时行MRI检查。肿瘤起源于眼神经 1例 ,起源于半月神经节、瘤体位于中颅窝 3例 ,肿瘤累及中、后颅窝 (哑铃型 ) 5例 ,广泛筛窦、蝶窦、中颅底及岩尖的复发性恶…     

扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤

目的 报道11例经扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤的手术方法和体会。方法 回顾分析我院(90～98年)11例哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤经扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除的疗效。结果 肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除3例,无手术死亡。术后出现新的颅神经功能障碍2例,短期内多能恢复。结论 采用扩大颅中窝硬膜外入路切除哑铃型三叉神经鞘瘤疗效满意。     

Surgical treatment of intracavernous trigeminal schwannomas via a fronto-temporal epidural approach

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the fronto-temporal epidural approach in managing intracavernous trigeminal schwannomas. Five unselected patients harboring an intracavernous trigeminal schwannoma were operated on. Each of them was cured by a single craniotomy. In all cases the skull base approach described by Dolenc [Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 130 (1994) 55] was performed. The complete resection of the tumor and its capsule was gained in all five cases. There was no surgical mortality. No patient developed postoperative major complications. The fronto-temporal epidural approach can be applied for parasellar type trigeminal schwannomas, thus avoiding the exposure of the temporal lobe, and resulting in good chance for total excision of the tumor together with minimal surgical complications.     

脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤的临床诊断和治疗

目的 探讨脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤的临床特点和外科治疗方法.方法 回顾分析8例髓内神经鞘瘤的临床特点、影像学表现及其手术治疗效果.结果 8例患者肿瘤均获手术全切除,术后均进行临床随访,随访时间3 - 108个月.术前有肌力下降的5例患者,术后3个月肌力较术前明显改善,有6例患者术后出现不同程度感觉异常:所有患者MRI复查未见肿瘤复发.结论 脊髓背外侧生长且边界清楚,均匀强化的脊髓髓内肿瘤伴有明显神经根症状,应考虑髓内神经鞘瘤诊断,手术全切肿瘤是该病的最佳治疗选择,手术入路和手术技巧与预后密切相关.     

海绵窦和床突周围段动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨海绵窦和床突周围段动脉瘤的特点、分类及手术适应证和方法。方法全部采用直视手术处理动脉瘤和暴露控制载瘤动脉近远端,磨除前床突和视神经管上壁及外侧嵴,经内侧三角进入海绵窦,夹闭动脉瘤后视神经充分减压。出院时按GOS评定治疗效果。结果18例动脉瘤全部得以夹闭,其中15例术后复查造影动脉瘤完全消失。视力视野障碍明显改善。疗效好16例,疗效差和死亡各1例。结论海绵窦动脉瘤在不适合栓塞的情况下应采取手术,而床突周围段动脉瘤则应首选手术治疗。     

Trigeminal schwannomas: A report of 42 cases and review of the relevant surgical approaches

This study aims to achieve the complete removal of trigeminal schwannoma (TS) while preserving cranial nerve function. We focused on the outcomes of different surgical approaches and address the contributions of different operative techniques. Forty-two TS cases, treated surgically in Qilu Hospital during a 12-year period, were reviewed and analyzed. There were 18 males and 24 females who were classified into four groups: type A (11 cases, 26%), type B (10 cases, 24%), type C (17 cases, 40%), and type D (4 cases, 10%). Various surgical approaches were applied accordingly. Surgical outcome and cranial nerve function were the criteria used to judge different surgical groups. The conventional approach was performed in 20 cases; the skull base approach was performed in 22 cases. Total and near-total resection was achieved in 80% of conventional cases and in 100% of skull base cases (χ² = 4.86, P < 0.05). Total resection was achieved in 81.5% of non-cavernous involvement cases and in 40% of cavernous involvement cases (χ² = 7.47, P < 0.05). Cranial nerve deficits were improved or unchanged after the operation in most cases; there was no significant difference between the conventional (76.9%) and skull base (87.5%) groups (χ² = 0.56, P > 0.05). The selection of operative approach should be based on the developmental patterns of the tumor. In comparison to the conventional approach, the skull base approach provides better exposure of the tumors and increases the frequency of total and near-total/partial resections. Cavernous sinus involvement was the major impediment to total removal of the trigeminal schwannomas. Treatment always aims for total tumor resection; preservation or improvement of cranial nerve function can be achieved in most cases.     

Trigeminal neuralgia and treatment options

Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition of the face characterized by paroxysmal lancinating, shock-like pain confined to the somatosensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. The etiology of most cases of trigeminal neuralgia has been suggested to be vascular compression of the central axons of the trigeminal nerve at the level of pontocerebellar region, so called hyperactive dysfunctional syndrome. Trigeminal neuralgia is the one of the most known pain syndromes. Several neurosurgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and in this review, idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia was discussed in aspect of different surgical modalities.     

脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤的诊断和显微外科治疗。方法 回顾性分析2005~2015年显微手术治疗的13例脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。结果 13例患者的肿瘤均获得完整切除。术后随访6个月~3年;术后2例肌力较术前出现暂时性减退,术后3个月恢复至术前水平,6个月恢复正常;1例截瘫患者肌力由术前Ⅰ级恢复至术后Ⅲ级,6个月恢复至Ⅴ-级,2年后肌力恢复正常,大小便障碍恢复正常;所有患者疼痛症状术后完全缓解;3例术后出现深感觉障碍,6个月后基本恢复正常;7例遗留有载瘤神经支配区的麻木;其余患者症状均较术前有明显改善;所有患者MRI复查未见肿瘤复发。结论 脊髓髓内神经鞘瘤与脊髓关系密切,临床症状较重,影像学特点没有明显特异性,显微镜下精细操作与预后密切相关。     

颅内外高流量搭桥术治疗巨大海绵窦动脉瘤

目的 探讨高流量搭桥术治疗巨大海绵窦动脉瘤的可能性及治疗经验和教训.方法 通过游离、移植小腿部大隐静脉;暴露颈部颈总动脉、颈内外动脉颅外段和翼点入路开颅手术,显露颈内动脉床突上段(1例)或大脑中动脉M1,M2段(4例),然后进行颅内外血管吻合术.结果 4例术后7-14 d行脑DSA和(或)CTA复查证实搭桥血管通畅良好.4例患者术后头痛症状均消失,3例复视患者中2例症状消失,1例无缓解;2例视力下降者均改善;术后1例搭桥的大隐静脉因急性血栓形成而发生脑梗死昏迷,术后10 d死于肺部感染.结论 采用颅内外高流量搭桥术治疗是治疗某些巨大海绵窦动脉瘤的有效方法,但这种高流量动脉搭桥术仍有一定的风险性,应进行术前脑血流动力学评价,严格控制手术适应证.     

Surgical treatment of jugular foramen schwannomas

ObjectiveWe present our experience with surgery of jugular foramen schwannomas with special consideration of clinical presentation, surgical technique, complications, and outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study includes ten patients with jugular foramen schwannomas treated by the senior author between January 2007 and December 2012. Three patients had undergone partial tumour resection elsewhere. The initial symptom for which they sought medical help was hearing loss, dysphagia, hoarseness, and shoulder weakness. Preoperative glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve deficits were the most common signs. In our series, tumour extension was classified according to Kaye-Pellet grading system. In two cases the tumours were classified into type A and 8 patients presented with type D tumours. A retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy was performed for type A tumours and modifications of cranio-cervical approach were suitable for type D.ResultsNo death occurred in this series. Four patients deteriorated after surgery: in two patients preoperative cranial nerve deficits deteriorated after surgery while new cranial nerve palsy occurred in 2 other patients. In four patients, the cranial nerve dysfunction had improved at the last follow-up examination. In all other patients, the cranial nerve dysfunction remained the same. One patient experienced tumour recurrence over a follow-up period of 40 months. This patient underwent a successful second surgery without further evidence of tumour growth.ConclusionsJugular foramen schwannomas can be radically managed with the use of skull base surgery techniques. However, the surgical treatment of jugular foramen schwannomas carries a significant risk of the lower CN deficits.     

采用Dolenc入路处理海绵窦病变

目的 探讨海绵窦手术入路方法，以期提高手术效果。方法 在8个尸头上（16侧）按Dolenc手术入路的基本要领进行解剖练习，应用于临床12例，其中10例为海绵窦内肿瘤（脑膜瘤5例，垂体瘤3例，脊索瘤2例），1例为累及海绵窦的眼动脉巨大动脉瘤，1例为海绵窦段颈内动脉巨大动脉瘤。结果 Dolenc手术入路主要分两步；首先从硬膜外去除遮挡海绵窦的部分骨质（前床突，蝶骨翼等），然后将海绵窦上壁和外侧壁的硬膜广泛剥离开，暴露其深面的颅神经。采用此入路，10例海绵窦内肿瘤有5例全切。3例近全切，动脉瘤顺利夹闭，除2例持久的外展神经麻痹，未带来新的神经功能缺损。结论 Dolenc手术入路显露充分，安全，为彻底根除某些海绵窦病变提供了机会。     

颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的诊断及显微外科治疗

目的探讨颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的诊断及显微手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析我院2003年至2008年5例诊断为颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的患者临床资料。结果术后病理均证实为神经鞘瘤。全切肿瘤3例,次全切2例。术后3例有声音嘶哑伴吞咽困难,1例面部感觉麻木伴面瘫,随访中逐渐好转,1例听力丧失,余术后面神经和听神经功能均有所改善。结论根据临床症状和CT、MRI相结合可以进行正确诊断和肿瘤的分型。选择最佳手术入路,达到以最小的创伤而获得最佳的手术效果。