The serological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a comparison of complement fixation, haemagglutination and immunofluorescence.

A total of 193 sera were examined for antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae by three techniques - complement fixation (CF), haemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence (IF), the last method being used to assess IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies. The most reliable single test for diagnosis was HA, and the most useful combination of tests was HA with IF (IgM and IgG). The IgA IF was not found to be diagnostically helpful.     

Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 3. Detection of IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae by a modified indirect haemagglutination test

The indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was compared with the complement-fixation (CF) test for the measurement of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A modification of the IHA was used to measure M. pneumoniae IgM antibodies. Sera were obtained from various groups of patients who were either culture or antigen positive for M. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal aspirates or who had fourfold or greater increase in CF antibody or a titre greater than or equal to 320. The results of these comparisons showed that the modified IHA test was specific and more sensitive (89% as opposed to 64%) than the CF test. The modified IHA test for the detection of IgM antibody was highly effective in the recognition of recent or current infection with the mycoplasma. It was also of equal sensitivity to an indirect enzyme immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae.     

A micro-capture ELISA for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM: comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and indirect ELISA

The biochemical and biological properties of the flagella of Campylobacter jejuni have been investigated using two variants selected from a flagellate, motile clinical isolate (strain 81116): a flagellate, non-motile variant (SF-1) and an aflagellate variant (SF-2). Phenotypic and biochemical analysis of the strains and amino acid analysis of the isolated flagella suggest that the variants differed from the wild-type strain only in the absence of flagella and/or motility. The aflagellate variant poorly colonized the gastrointestinal tract of infant mice but the flagellate, non-motile variant colonized the mice as successfully as the wild-type strain. 35S-labelled organisms were used to investigate the attachment of the variants to human epithelial cell monolayers in vitro. The flagellate, non-motile strain attached more efficiently to the cells than the wild-type strain or the aflagellate strain. Differences in attachment suggest that an adhesin is intimately associated with flagella of C. jejuni and that active flagella mediate only a tenuous association with host cells. This adhesin attached most efficiently to cells of intestinal epithelial origin and was not specifically inhibited by various sugars.     

The specific IgM response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: interpretation and application to early diagnosis

Specific IgM antibody production in patients with serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection by the complement fixation (CF) test was studied using a mu-capture ELISA. Sera from 79% of patients were found to be IgM positive. Patients could be divided into two groups relating to the amount of specific antibody produced. High levels of specific IgM (greater than or equal to 10 units) were more commonly found in younger patients. Seventy-six per cent of patients under the age of 20 produced relatively high levels of IgM compared to 35% of patients over the age of 20. In contrast, the number of patients who produced low or undetectable levels of IgM (less than 10 units) was found to increase with age. This trend was found to be significant which suggests that low or undetectable levels of IgM may be due to reinfection with M. pneumoniae. Specific IgM was found to appear in the serum at approximately 7 days after the onset of symptoms, peaking at between 10 and 30 days, and then falling to undetectable levels at an estimated 12-26 weeks post onset of symptoms. Twenty-eight per cent of acute-phase sera (CF titres less than 256) from patients whose sera subsequently showed a fourfold or greater rise in M. pneumoniae CF antibody titre were IgM positive. Thus using mu-capture ELISA a diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection may often be made more rapidly than by the complement fixation test.     

A micro-capture ELISA for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM: comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and indirect ELISA.

A mu-capture ELISA was developed for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM, and compared with an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique and an indirect ELISA. mu-capture ELISA and IFA compared well and were found to be the most sensitive assays. The IFA test can be completed in 2 h whilst the results of the mu-capture ELISA can be available in 24 h. Both tests are amenable to routine diagnostic use and have similar sensitivity. Indirect ELISA was found to be less sensitive and less specific, giving high assay values with several sera having undetectable M. pneumoniae CF antibody or CF antibody in low titre. Serum samples obtained from 11 patients at various times after M. pneumoniae infection showed maximum antibody levels within the first month by all assays, with a gradual fall in amount of IgM with time when assayed by mu-capture ELISA, a more gradual decline by IFA and hardly any decline with indirect ELISA. It was concluded that the indirect ELISA is unsuitable for the investigation of possible M. pneumoniae infection because the sustained high assay values with serum samples taken many months after infection, make interpretation of the test results very difficult.     

Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: comparison of clinical, epidemiological characteristics and laboratory profiles

The purpose of our retrospective 3-year study was to analyse and compare clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients older than 6 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae (87 patients) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (147 patients). C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed by serology. C. pneumoniae patients were older (42.12 vs. 24.64 years), and were less likely to have a cough, rhinitis, and hoarseness (P<0.001). C. pneumoniae patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than M. pneumoniae patients (P<0.001). Pleural effusion was recorded more frequently in patients with M. pneumoniae (8.84 vs. 3.37%). There were no characteristic epidemiological and clinical findings that would distinguish CAP caused by M. pneumoniae from C. pneumoniae. However, some factors are indicative for C. pneumoniae such as older age, lack of cough, rhinitis, hoarseness, and higher value of CRP, and AST.     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎与肺炎支原体合并链球菌感染肺炎的胸部CT鉴别诊断研究

目的探讨儿童肺炎支原体肺炎与肺炎支原体合并链球菌感染肺炎的胸部CT表现及其鉴别,为该病的临床诊治提供参考。方法选取2013年11月-2015年11月医院收治的肺炎患儿74例,根据血清MP-IgM检测以及链球菌血培养的结果,将32例单纯肺炎支原体肺炎的患儿分为A组,将42例肺炎支原体合并链球菌感染肺炎的患儿分为B组,对比两组患儿胸部CT检查中气道和肺间质病变征象的出现率;对比两组患儿的胸腔积液量以及肿大淋巴结的体积;对比两组患儿的肺内病变形态。结果 A组患儿胸部CT出现磨玻璃影、网状影、支气管壁增厚、支气管血管束增厚的比例均显著高于B组(P<0.05);B组患儿出现胸腔积液的有24例占57.14%,显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组患儿胸腔积液的厚度为(14.63±12.57)mm,显著大于A组(P<0.05);B组肿大淋巴结的最大横径为(11.29±3.26)mm,显著大于A组(P<0.05);A组肺内病变形态为扇形薄片影的有24例占75.00%,显著多于B组(P<0.05);B组肺内病变形态为无规律肺内实变影的有37例占88.10%,显著多于A组(P<0.05)。结论单纯肺炎支原体肺炎胸部CT像以肺间质改变为主;合并肺炎链球菌感染时,CT像表现出肺泡炎症反应的肺内片状阴影,且胸腔积液和淋巴结肿大更为明显。     

肺炎支原体感染防治若干问题及对策

目的 探讨肺炎支原体感染临床治疗中有效对策.方法 结合近代肺炎支原体感染治疗研究现状部分问题,运用中医辨证和辩病论治结合现代药理学研究进展方法,防治肺炎支原体感染.结果 中西医结合防治此病有效.结论 中西医结合辨证和辩病结合论治防治此病为有效对策.     

一种基于量子点标记检测抗肺炎支原体IgM的免疫荧光层析法

目的肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae, MP)感染早期诊断的重要生物标志物是抗肺炎支原体IgM抗体。本研究建立了基于量子点标记技术的免疫荧光层析法检测抗MP-IgM抗体的方法,旨在提高对MP的早期诊断。方法将制备好的肺炎支原体抗原和内控抗体分别作为检测线(T)和质控线(C),固定至硝酸纤维素(Nitrocellulose,NC)膜,然后将量子点标记的兔抗人IgM均匀喷洒在玻璃纤维上,干燥后组装、切割、包装成试纸条。用该试纸分别检测200例MP感染患者和健康人的临床血清,以PCR初筛结果作为对照,计算量子点荧光免疫层析法的检测特异性和灵敏度。结果本研究制备的试纸条的特异性为93.5%,灵敏度为89.0%,总体符合率为91.25%。结论本文采用量子点标记技术检测血清中的抗MP-IgM抗体,操作简单、快速,可实现肺炎支原体感染的早期诊断。     

Comparison of agglutination, complement fixation and immunofluorescence tests in Campylobacter jejuni infections.

Good antibody responses usually follow infection with Campylobacter jejuni. A comparison of agglutination, complement fixation and immunofluorescence tests was done on 55 sera from 40 sporadic patients with diarrhoeal disease and positive cultures for C. jejuni. Results showed 82% positive with immunofluorescence, 62% by complement fixation but only 38% by agglutination, using two reference strains COP and MEL as antigens. Overall 90% of the 40 patients were positive by one or more serological tests. Paired sera from 15 patients showed a fourfold or greater rise in only five, confirming previous observations that antibody formation occurs early in the course of infection. Results also suggest that different test systems may be detecting antibodies of different specificities. Results confirm the value of serological tests, but further information on serotypes is required for selection of suitable reference strains.     

肺炎支原体感染对脑梗死的相关性研究

目的分析肺炎支原体(MP)感染与脑梗死的相关性,以便临床更好地预防控制脑梗死的发生。方法选取2010年1月-2012年12月医院就诊的脑梗死患者60例,30例患者作为传统危险因素组,对就诊不存在传统脑梗死危险因素且符合脑梗死诊断的患者30例作为无传统因素组,随机选取健康体检人员30名作为正常组;用ELISA法测定所有研究对象的抗MP-IgG、IgM抗体,并比较抗MP-IgG、IgM抗体的阳性率,数据采用SPSS 16.0进行分析。结果传统危险因素组对抗MP-IgG抗体和抗MP-IgM抗体的阳性率分别为16.7%、3.3%,无传统危险因素组对抗MP-IgG抗体和抗MP-IgM抗体的阳性率分别为20.0%、10.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肺炎支原体感染在两组间差异有统计学意义。结论肺炎支原体感染可能为脑梗死发生发展的独立因素,临床应该针对肺炎支原体感染进行预防及治疗。     

肺炎支原体感染的致病机制及实验室检测

肺炎支原体对呼吸道上皮细胞的黏附以及在其上面滑动是导致肺炎发生的先决条件,机体通过抗体和补体调理吞噬并最终引起细胞毒作用和炎症反应,其中过氧化氢和社区获得性呼吸窘迫综合征毒素是肺炎支原体的重要毒力因子。肺炎支原体实验室检测包括培养、血清学实验和核酸扩增检测技术（NAATs）,由于NAATs具有高灵敏度和短周转时间,被认...     

Ten and a half years seroepidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Denmark

The study was based on a computerized card index of 9161 patients who had at least one positive blood specimen in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation test. A total of 12,562 specimens from these patients had been sent to Statens Seruminstitut from hospitals and general practitioners during a 10.5-year period. The period encompassed a previously described endemic period in a 30-year study of the epidemiological pattern of M. pneumoniae infection in Denmark. The serological data presented support the hypothesis advanced here that a more than sixfold increase of children in day care might have contributed to a change in the epidemiological pattern. The correlation between age and level of specific antibodies, as well as persistence of seropositivity, were also investigated.     

小儿肺炎支原体感染的临床分析

目的分析小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染的症状与诊疗方法,进一步提高小儿肺炎支原体感染的临床认识和诊疗水平。方法对该院接诊的286例小儿肺炎支原体感染病人的症状与诊疗方法进行回顾分析。结果 106例(37.1%)肺外感染与200例(69.9%)支原体肺炎,其余受累系统包括神经、心血管、泌尿、血液、消化系统,还有皮肤和淋巴结。结论肺炎支原体感染症状多变,还会损及其余系统。早期诊断与最终确诊分别根据临床症状和MP—IgM抗体。     

儿童肺炎支原体感染的检验结果探究

目的探讨儿童肺炎支原体感染的检验结果。方法随机选择2011年10月—2012年11月到我院就诊的50例临床症状为发热、咳嗽以及呼吸道感染等症状的儿童,使用酶联免疫对血清中的MP-IgM进行检测,并进行血细胞分析以及血生化、血尿常规等各项检查。结果 50例患儿经过检测过后,大部分患儿的白细胞数量与血小板计数均处于正常或是偏高范围,15例患儿的MP-IgM为阳性,32例患儿经过冷凝集试验呈现出阳性,10例患者尿常规检查结果为异常,23例患者血气异常,6例患者丙氨酸转氨酶出现明显升高,30例患者的心肌酶偏高,另外,痰培养出肺炎克雷伯菌、肺炎链球菌以及阴沟肠杆菌。结论给予患儿进行肺炎支原体感染检测,可有效提高诊断的真确性,对患儿的治疗具有重大意义,值得推广。