辣椒素对大鼠肠系膜阻力血管的舒张作用及其机制

目的：观测辣椒素（capsaicin,CAP）对大鼠肠系膜阻力血管的舒张作用,探讨其可能机制。 方法：雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,取肠系膜动脉三级分支约2 mm长血管环,置于DMT 610M系统,记录张力变化。 结果：CAP（10^-9~10^-5 mol/L）对苯肾上腺素（PE）预收缩的内皮完整血管和去内皮血管产生浓度依赖性的舒张作用,其中内皮完整组的血管舒张作用比去内皮组更明显,两者相比CAP在10^-7~10^-5 mol/L时,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。该舒张作用可被一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME和CGRP竞争性阻滞剂CGRP8-37阻断。CGRP（10^-10~3×10^-8 mol/L）对PE预收缩的内皮完整血管和去内皮血管产生浓度依赖性的舒张作用,其中内皮完整组的血管舒张作用比去内皮组更明显,两者相比CGRP在3×10^-9~3×10^-8 mol/L时,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。P物质对PE预收缩的内皮完整血管无舒张作用。 结论：CAP对大鼠肠系膜阻力动脉具有部分内皮依赖性舒张作用,该作用机制与其促进内皮一氧化氮合酶（NOS）途径有关;CAP的非内皮依赖性舒张血管效应与CGRP释放有关。     

阴茎勃起机制中降钙素基因相关肽与一氧化氮关系的体外研究

目的研究降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）和硝普钠（SNP）对阴茎组织和血管的舒张效应及其抑制反应。方法离体组织灌流法。结果CGRP对犬阴茎勃起组织具有不同程度的舒张效应，其作用可为左旋硝基精氨酸（L-NNA）和亚甲蓝（MB）大部分抑制；SNP具有更强烈的舒张效应，但仅为MB抑制，不为L-NNA抑制。结论CGRP舒张阴茎海绵体平滑肌和阴茎血管的作用可能部分地通过左族精氨酸-一氧化氮-环磷酸乌苷通路而实现。     

激活ATP依赖性钾通道是CGRP舒血管作用的机制之一

降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene-related pe-ptide,CGRP)是体内最强的血管舒张物质之一,但对其作用机制尚无定论。本实验采用药理学方法观察阻断ATP依赖性钾通道(K_(ATP)~+通道)对CGRP舒张大鼠腹主动脉与尾动脉作用的影响。     

脂质体携载降钙素基因相关肽趋脑组织靶向性

降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)是目前已知最强的血管舒张剂,具有强大的舒张脑血管和神经细胞保护作用,已开始试用于临床高血压和脑卒中的治疗。但CGRP与其他调节肽一样,由于在体内极易降解,又不能透过血脑屏障,因此作为药物在临床应用,受到一定限制。 人工生物膜—磷脂脂质体可以运载药物到达特异的靶组织,并延缓药物的代谢。本工作选用特异性趋向脑组织的脂质体,包囊CGRP,观察CGRP在大鼠体内的分布,以探讨其临床应用的可能性。     

家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞膜上的降钙素基因相关肽受体及其下调现象

降钙素基因机关肽CGRP)是广泛分布于中枢神经相心血管系统的血管活性多肽、具有强大的舒张血管和细胞保护作用对循环系统的功能调节起重要作用,本工作应用放射受体分析的方法,研究培养的血管平滑肌细胞膜的RP的受体分布及其调现象。     

降钙素基因相关肽与心血管疾病

降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningenerelatedpeptide,CGRP)是1983年由Rosenfeld等应用生物学技术发现的一种生物活性物质[1],是目前所知作用最强的血管扩张剂,并具有正性肌力和正性变时作用,对脂质过氧化也有一定的抑制作用。本文就CGRP在心血管疾病发生发展过程中的作用作一综述。1　CGRP对心血管系统的作用1.1　CGRP的舒张血管作用　CGRP是目前所知作用最强的血管扩张剂,其作用约为硝普钠的240倍,其对心血管系统调节的中枢作用和外周作用不同,其中枢作用是通过兴奋交感神经释放儿茶酚胺,引起血浆肾上腺素水平升高,从而引起心动过速,…     

降钙素基因相关肽与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病

降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)是迄今已知的体内最强的血管舒张肽 ,广泛分布于中枢神经系统和心血管系统 ,近年来大量的研究证实 ,CGRP参与神经系统的生理、病理过程 ,在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)的发生与发展中具有重要作用。现就近年来CGRP与HIE有关的研究进展综述如下。1　CGRP的化学结构CGRP是由 37个氨基酸组成的多肽 ,与降钙素 (calcitonin ,Cal)来自一个共同的基因。 1983年 ,Rosenfeld等首次应用DNA重组技术在小鼠甲状腺髓样癌C细胞中发现CGRP。1984年Morris等证实 ,在人体中有CGRP ,其基因由 2 80 0个碱基对组成 ,其…     

降钙素基因相关肽对脑血管和脑血流量的影响

观察了降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP)对人脑血管的扩张作用以及对动物和人脑血流量的影响.结果表明:1.CGRP可使由内皮素(endo thelin),神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y)、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺或胆囊收缩素(CCK)等引起的收缩的人离体血管舒张。2.颈内动脉注入CGRP后,可使脑血流量增加60％。3.经侧脑室给药,CGRP可拮抗内皮素减少脑血流的作用,而使脑血流暂时恢复正常。4.3例患有脑梗塞病人静脉滴注CGRP后,可使病人血压下降,单光子CT扫描(single photon emission computedtomography,SPECT)显示脑量流血增加30％～80％。提示CGRP可能作为缺血性脑血管病治疗的一种药物。     

P38MAPK/NOX4通路介导CGRP对氧化损伤HUVEC保护作用

氧化应激过程调控细胞增殖和凋亡。研究发现,某些血管活性肽的保护血管作用与抑制氧化应激有关。降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）是一种由辣椒素敏感的感觉神经末梢释放的神经递质,在体内有广泛的分布和表达,有多种生理功能,如舒张血管和收缩心肌、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖、保护内皮细胞、调节神经系统和消化系统等。最新研究表明,     

非对称性二甲基精氨酸诱导硝酸甘油耐受及机制

目的:观察外源性非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)能否诱导硝酸甘油耐受以及是否与抑制降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)释放有关.方法:离体大鼠血管预先于浴槽中加入ADMA (10-5 M)孵育30 min拟诱导硝酸甘油耐受,并以高浓度硝酸甘油(10-5 M)作为阳性对照.之后观察硝酸甘油舒血管效应,并用放射免疫法监测孵育液中CGRP的含量.结果:ADMA显著减弱硝酸甘油的血管舒张效应,并与CGRP释放减少相关.结论:外源性ADMA能诱导大鼠离体动脉硝酸甘油耐受,其机制与CGRP的释放减少有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.