腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤14例

目的探讨腔内治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年5月腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤14例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤8例,左髂总动脉瘤5例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。髂动脉瘤腔内修复的标准是瘤体直径〉3．0cm。结果14例均取得技术成功。8例右髂总动脉瘤,钢圈栓塞右髂内动脉后选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。其中1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUl支架型人工血管腔内修复加股．股动脉旁路术。5例左髂总动脉瘤栓塞同侧髂内动脉后选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余13例无手术并发症。术后CTA随访10．2个月（3～19个月）,瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果需进一步随访。     

巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤的血管腔内修复术治疗

目的探讨巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤行带膜支架主动脉腔内修复治疗的可行性。方法对3例10．6～28．0cm长真性胸主动脉瘤的男性患者,采用多个带膜支架相连接成一条长段支架型人工血管,行主动脉腔内修复治疗。对瘤体全长28．0cm、最大直径7．3cm的病例,采用4个长度为130mm的不同直径的带膜支架相连接覆盖胸主动脉;另2例分别用2枚、3枚带膜支架治疗。2例术中先行颈总动脉-颈总动脉和颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路术。结果3例手术过程顺利,术后恢复良好。2例术后无内漏,分别随访1,2个月,瘤腔内血栓形成;1例在支架连接处有少量内漏,术后1年消失,瘤腔内血栓形成。1例术后出现短暂脑缺血表现,1个月后消失。结论采用多个带膜支架相连接对巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤行主动脉腔内修复治疗,安全、微创,疗效良好,远期效果有待观察。     

Distal arch aneurysm repair using stent-grafting and ascending aorto-left axillary bypass

Background. Transcatheter application of a stent-graft to the angulated aortic segments with critical side branches poses some problems. We report our technique of distal arch aneurysm repairs using stent-grafts inserted through the aortic arch and ascending aorto-axillary bypass.

Patients and Results. Three patients underwent successful distal arch aneurysm repair using a homemade semiflexible stent-graft placed under hypothermic circulatory arrest. The left subclavian artery was reconstructed by an extraanatomic bypass grafting between the ascending aorta and left axillary artery. Postoperative imaging demonstrated reduction of aneurysm size and no endoleaks from an intercostal artery.

Conclusions. Our technique seems to be useful for repair of distal arch aneurysms and is a less invasive procedure.     

Early results of a flexible bifurcated endovascular stent-graft (Aorfix)

AIM: First generation stent-grafts were associated with low applicability, high conversion rates due to technical failure and low durability. Second generation stent-grafts need to address these problems in order to secure endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as a viable option to open repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The early results of a second-generation stent-graft (Aorfix) for the treatment of AAA are reported. METHODS: A European multi-centre study of the Aorfix bifurcated endovascular stent-graft was performed. The Aorfix stent-grafts were inserted according to a predefined clinical protocol in 4 centres experienced in EVAR and all data was collected prospectively on a central database. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients underwent attempted aneurysm repair with the Aorfix stent-graft. There were no conversions to open repair. One technical failure resulted in insertion of another stent-graft. At 30-day follow-up there had been no secondary endovascular or open interventions. There were only 2 endoleaks, both of which were type II. CONCLUSIONS: Aorfix currently offers early results, which are at least as good as other second-generation stent-grafts. It has given satisfactory results with highly angulated proximal necks and may improve the treatment outlook for these patients. Whether the unique design features increase durability and reduce long-term complications remains to be seen.     

Endovascular repair after stent elephant trunk procedure for extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm

Hybrid surgical-endovascular procedure was conducted in a 46-year-old male with extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm. Ascending aorta and arch replacement combined with stent elephant trunk implantation was performed first. An open stent-graft was implanted into the descending aorta. One month later, endovascular repair was conducted. Postoperative CTA showed total coverage of the descending aorta by stent-grafts and the descending aortic aneurysm was totally thrombo-excluded. Stent elephant trunk may be a better alternative to conventional elephant trunk in hybrid surgical-endovascular approaches in treatment of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm.     

腹主动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)血管腔内治疗后的短期临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月～2010年7月我科收治的8例AAA患者的临床资料.结果 患者均接受血管腔内治疗,手术成功率7/8,死亡1人.5例植入分叉型支架,2例植入直型支架,1例支架释放不成功.1例术后第2天右髂动脉支架折叠成角,远端血栓形成,给予局部溶栓成功后第3天血栓再次形成,急诊行左股－右股动脉旁路转流术.1例术后第2天出现急性肾功能不全,2个月后出现结肠缺血表现,给予对症治疗后好转.1例术中主体支架释放不成功,急诊行开腹手术,取出支架,行AAA修补术,术后第2天因呼吸循环衰竭死亡.随访1～16个月,中位随访时间5个月,至最后一次随访(死亡)时止,无内漏发生,无支架明显移位及动脉瘤腔内血栓形成.结论 AAA血管腔内治疗后的短期临床疗效满意,远期疗效有待进一步随访.     

BAI型国产覆膜支架治疗犬主动脉假性动脉瘤

目的　探讨BAI型国产覆膜支架治疗动物主动脉假性动脉瘤的可行性和有效性。方法　在 16条犬中建立腹主动脉假性动脉瘤模型 ,分为 4组 ,各 4只 ,1组为对照组 ,其余 3组为实验组。实验组 2周后行国产镍钛记忆合金覆膜支架 (BAI型 )植入术。分别于术后第 2、3、6个月时处死动物 ,处死前做CT及动脉造影。病理检查包括光镜与电镜。结果　国产覆膜支架 (BAI型 )均成功地将动脉瘤封闭 ,成功率为 10 0 %。术后死亡率为 0。覆膜支架无移位 ,无内漏。 2例出现支架内血栓栓塞 ,栓塞率 17%。其余病理检查示管腔通畅 ,覆膜内表面均已内皮化。 7条犬的腰动脉再通。结论　国产覆膜支架 (BAI型 )在犬的腹主动脉假性动脉瘤模型的治疗中是可行、有效的。     

多撕裂口主动脉夹层的一期或分期血管腔内治疗

目的总结一期或分期血管腔内治疗多撕裂口主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法在DSA监控下,通过一侧或双侧股动脉入路将多枚带膜支架植入主髂动脉,一期或分期封闭这些部位的多个撕裂口。结果从2001年1月至2004年6月,共有8例患者接受了一期或分期血管腔内治疗,其中5个撕裂口者1例,4个撕裂口者2例,3个撕裂口者2例,2个撕裂口者3例。降主动脉撕裂口11个,腹主动脉撕裂口11个,髂动脉撕裂口4个。一期血管腔内治疗6例,分期腔内治疗2例。共植入带膜支架23枚,其中直管型20枚,分叉型3枚。手术均获成功。术后3、6、12及24个月CT或MRA复查显示夹层均消失,假腔内血栓形成,无内漏发生,患者均健康生存。结论血管腔内多枚带膜支架一期或分期植入治疗多撕裂口主动脉夹层是一种可行,安全和有效的方法。     

Successful Endovascular Stent-Graft Treatment for an Aortoesophageal Fistula Caused by a Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Report of a Case

Conventional surgery for aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is technically difficult, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report a case of primary AEF caused by a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm, which was successfully treated with an endovascular stent-graft technique. The patient has been followed up for 3 years with no signs of infection.     

猪霍乱沙门菌所致人感染性动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的 评价猪霍乱沙门菌所致人感染性动脉瘤的诊断治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2008年12月收治的8例猪霍乱沙门菌感染性动脉瘤的诊断治疗方法及效果.结果 感染性腹主动脉瘤6例,胸主动脉瘤和胭动脉瘤各1例,均行人工血管内支架腔内修复术;放置直型人工血管内支架6例,分叉型人工血管内支架2例,手术成功率为100%,无围手术期30 d内死亡或并发症发生;所有患者均恢复满意,出院后口服抗菌药物,随访时间15～36个月,4例疗效满意,影像学及实验室检查无感染复发征象,3例感染复发行局部感染灶清创引流后痊愈,1例术后3个月因腹主动脉瘤破裂死亡.结论 猪霍乱沙门菌是侵袭性和毒力较强的菌株,对于猪霍乱沙门菌感染性动脉瘤,腔内修复、应用抗菌素并密切随访,是一种可供选择的治疗方式.     

Successful endovascular stent-grafting for thoracic aortic aneurysms in systemic lupus erithematosus. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently associated with cardiovascular manifestations but rarely complicated with aortic disease, and surgical treatment is often complicated with later anastomotic dehiscence. We report successful endovascular stent-graft placement (EVSGP) as an alternative to conventional treatment of the aortic aneurysm in patients with SLE and review of the literature. Clinical cases included a 58-year-old woman with a saccular aneurysm of the distal aortic arch and a 52-year-old woman who had the aortic dissection in the whole descending thoracic aorta. Both patients underwent placement of the stent-graft in the diseased aorta through the iliac artery and received steroid perioperatively. Mortality was compared between surgical and medical treatment in the reported 39 cases of SLE associated with aortic aneurysm. Both patients were successfully treated by EVSGP and no inflammatory signs were seen after the procedure. There were no recurrence in the short follow-up period (up to 23 and 15 months after the procedure). In review of the literature, operative mortality (13.6%) was superior to that in patients receiving medical treatment only (53.3%), but two of 19 operative survivors died of rupture afterward. EVSGP can be a useful alternative to conventional treatment of the aortic aneurysm in patients with SLE, although it lacks the support of long-term follow-up data currently.     

带膜血管腔内支架植入术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层 (附29例报告)

目的介绍应用带膜血管腔内支架植入术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的方法和效果。方法对29例(男25例,女4例,年龄38~77岁)胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前采用CT血管成像(CTA)、磁共振血管成像(MRA)技术或CT对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术前穿刺左肱动脉行升主动脉对比剂追踪了解破口的位置及撕裂的范围,所有的患者都在全麻下进行的,术中在数字减影血管造影机监视下经股动脉或髂动脉将带膜支架导入胸主动脉封闭夹层破口。结果29例均成功进行了胸主动脉夹层的血管腔内隔绝术,其中25例使用Talent支架,4例为国产支架。术后主动脉造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少,无中转开胸手术,围手术期无死亡及严重并发症发生。术后随访3~29个月(平均15个月),其中21例行CT复查,8例行DSA复查,3例病人在术后2~8个月行心脏瓣膜置换术。结论带膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的简便安全而有效的方法,近期疗效好。手术死亡率和并发症发生率低,手术成功率和生存率高。     

一体式开窗型腔内移植物腔内隔绝治疗肾周腹主动脉瘤

目的探讨一体式开窗型腔内移植物腔内隔绝治疗肾周腹主动脉瘤的可行性。方法1例64岁男性并存严重冠状动脉狭窄的肾周腹主动脉瘤患者,根据术前薄层CT精确测量数据,设计相应的一体式开窗型腔内移植物。在全身麻醉及数字减影血管造影（DSA）监视下应用此一体式开窗型腔内移植物隔绝腹主动脉瘤,且双侧肾动脉内各置人了一覆膜球囊扩张支架。结果术后即时DSA造影肠系膜上动脉、双肾动脉及左髂内动脉通畅,瘤腔无内漏,术后肌酐较术前略有下降。术后10d复查三维螺旋CT血管造影显示一体式开窗型腔内移植物形态良好,无扭曲、移位、脱节,无内漏,肠系膜上动脉、双肾动脉及左侧髂内动脉通畅、显影良好。结论应用个体化的一体式开窗型腔内隔绝术治疗肾周腹主动脉瘤是可行的。     

A standardized aortic aneurysm model for the assessment of endovascular stent-graft technology

Reliable models of aortic aneurysms are required to test endovascular stent-graft technology prior to human use. We describe the creation of a standardized prosthetic aneurysm in an ovine model to assess endovascular technology. In an adult ovine model under general anesthesia, a polyester sphere measuring 6 cm across was sutured onto the infrarenal aorta following aortotomy. Two weeks later an endovascular stent-graft was deployed in the aorta. Exclusion was confirmed on monthly ultrasound duplex and during angiography at three months and under terminal anesthesia at six months. Autopsy along with histology of the specimen were then performed. A total of 10 sheep underwent aneurysm implantation. Nine received a straight tube endovascular stent-graft (Lombard Medical, Abingdon, Oxon, UK) and seven completed the study. Five prosthetic aneurysms shrank during serial imaging with duplex ultrasound and angiography. However, two remained the same size. One of these had a type I endoleak whereas the other had endotension (type I endoleak confirmed at autopsy). This animal model provides a reliable and reproducible method of creating prosthetic aneurysms for assessing endovascular stent-grafts. It was possible to assess aneurysm exclusion non-invasively using duplex ultrasound. Aneurysms effectively excluded from the circulation shrank whereas those with an endoleak did not.     

No difference in medium-term outcome between Zenith and Talent stent-grafts in endovascular aneurysm repair

BACKGROUND: Many devices are available for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Our aim was to analyze morphological effects of the Zenith and Talent systems. METHODS: Patients included underwent EVAR from June 1999 to June 2005 using a Zenith or Talent stent-graft, with computed tomography follow-up. Aortic dimensions over time and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients with Zenith stent-grafts and 33 with Talent devices were included. Mean preoperative age was similar (75.5+/-6.0 years vs 74.2+/-6.7 years; P=.29). Preoperative neck length was longer in the Zenith group (29.9+/-15.2 mm vs 25.5 +/- 10.8 mm; P=.10), and stent-graft oversizing was greater in the Talent patients (20.2%+/-7.9% vs 23.0% +/- 11.3%). There was proximal aortic dilatation and aneurysm sac shrinkage in each group. Complication rates were comparable, with 83% of both groups free from 10-mm migration. CONCLUSION: Although device designs differ, there is no difference in clinical outcome between Zenith and Talent stent-grafts. Migration rates were not influenced by suprarenal fixation.     

Iliac-femoral stent-graft infection after hybrid procedure redo: Case report

IntroductionStent-graft infection in peripheral arteries is rare and potentially dangerous. The use of hybrid procedures, in complicated patients previously treated, involves an increase of infective risk especially in no collaborative patients.Presentation of caseWe report a case of rare stent-graft infection in a patient treated for a Rutherford IV Multiple Peripheral Arterial Disease (MPAD) involving the right iliac-femoral axis with stenosis on deep femoral artery due to a previously stenting procedure for Superficial Femoral artery (SFA) stenosis. The first simultaneous hybrid intervention consisted of an endovascular iliac stent-graft placement and a surgical common femoral patch angioplasty. After two months the patient was readmitted to our unit for a purulent secretion through a fistulous channel and a suspect infection of stent-graft. Subsequently, the stent-graft was completely removed without possibility to have a surgical revascularization. An amputation major amputation was needed for irreversible ischemia of right leg.DiscussionThe incidence of stent-graft infection after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair had been reported as 0.4–1.0% while Aortoiliac graft infection occurs in 2–6% of patients. Hybrid procedures are secure and need close follow-up for cases of redo and patient with comorbidities.ConclusionsGraft infection is a rare complication after endovascular treatments. Hybrid procedures outcomes are good with less morbidity but in patient with high risk of infection is important a close follow-up.     

Preliminary results with endoluminal femoropopliteal thrupass

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Results of endovascular procedures to the superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery are not as good as at the iliac level. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of a new endoluminal stent-graft for the management of lesions of the femoropopliteal segment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent endoluminal treatment of femoropopliteal lesions with a PTFE covered stent-graft. Nine patients had critical leg ischaemia, two patients had acute leg ischaemia, two patients were claudicants, one patient had a ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm, and one had a large adjuvant therapeutic arteriovenous fistula. RESULTS: The procedure was successfully carried out in all patients. Thrombosis occurred in two stent-grafts 4.5 months and 12.5 months after the procedure. One of them was successfully thrombolysed. During the two-year follow-up, a haemodynamically significant decrease in ankle/brachial index was observed in two patients. Ankle/brachial index was the same or higher than the immediately postoperative value in six patients. Primary patency rates at 1 month, 1 year and 2 year follow-up were 100%, 93% and 84%, respectively. Assisted primary patency rates at the same intervals were 100%, 93% and 93%, respectively. No patient had limb loss during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal femoropopliteal bypass using PTFE covered stent-graft can be successfully performed with good two-year results.     

Serious complications that require surgical interventions after endoluminal stent-graft placement for the treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms

BACKGROUND: Endoluminal stent-graft placement for the treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms has gained widespread acceptance because it is associated with lower peri-interventional morbidity than conventional transabdominal surgery. In this study the long-term morbidity of the procedure was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between September 1994 and December 1998, 150 patients (age, 69.6 +/- 8.49 years; 142 men, 8 women) with abdominal aortic aneurysms were treated with the placement of an intravascular nitinol stent-graft (Stentor [55] and Vanguard-System [95]); there were eight tubular grafts and 142 bifurcated grafts. Initial placement of the stent-graft was successful in 144 patients. Mean follow-up was 49 +/- 25 months. In 13.3% of stent-graft placements we encountered the following complications: 4 cases of migration or dislocation of the prosthesis (30.5 +/- 7.4 months after placement); 2 ruptures of the aorta (26.7 and 15.0 months after placement); 3 recurrent thromboses of the stent-graft (25.5 +/- 5.3 months after placement); 3 endoleaks (27.5 +/- 15.7 months after placement); and 5 infections of the prosthesis (26.6 +/- 16.5 months after placement). There was no correlation between the complications and the type of stent used. All of these patients were treated by surgical replacement of the prosthesis with a Dacron graft. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The results suggest that most complications are due to a continuation of the disease process leading to loosening of the prosthesis. (2) Explantation of the prosthesis and surgical repair is feasible but bears additional risks. (3) Because the onset of reperfusion of the excluded aneurysm cannot be predicted, all patients with infrarenal aortic stent-grafts require frequent computer tomographic follow-up. (4) Finally, the results call for further improvements in the design of the stent-graft.     

Endovascular treatment of traumatic aortic rupture using iliac extension stent-grafts in patients with small aortic diameters

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESTo evaluate outcomes after thoracic endovascular aortic repair in young patients sustaining traumatic blunt aortic injury (BAI) using iliac extension stent-grafts because of small aortic diameters measuring <24 mm.METHODSRetrospective analysis regarding clinical presentation, trauma management, endovascular techniques and outcome of patients with a small descending aorta involving an iliac extension stent-graft to treat traumatic BAI.RESULTSAmong 48 patients who suffered a BAI and underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 7 received iliac extension stent-grafts. They were 27.4/[standard deviation (SD): −13.1] years old and 6 out of 7 were male. The iliac extension stent-graft was used as distal stent-graft, and a thoracic stent-graft was used in most patients as proximal extension. We achieved overall technical success in all patients during a procedure lasting 92.6 (SD: 54.9) min. One patient died 2 days after the endovascular procedure of hypoxic brain injury, and another died after 17 days of liver failure. That patient had also suffered a spinal cord injury following the procedure, as the stent-graft had been deployed in Ishimaru Zone 2, and the carotid to subclavian bypass had to be omitted because of his critical condition. Control computed tomographic angiographs was available in 6 patients after 7.7 (SD: 5.1) days and showed no endoleak. The surviving patients were discharged after 18.4 (SD: 13.4) days.CONCLUSIONSTreating traumatic BAI using iliac extension stent-grafts in young patients with small aortic diameters is feasible. We observed no mortality caused by the BAI or related to endovascular therapy within this small patient cohort.     

Endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: We sought to assess the role of endovascular techniques in the management of perigraft flow (endoleak) after endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHOD: We performed endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 114 patients, using a variety of Gianturco Z-stent-based prostheses. Results were evaluated with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and every year after the operation. An endoleak that occurred 3 days after operation led to repeat CT scanning at 2 weeks, followed by angiography and attempted endovascular treatment. RESULTS: Endoleak was seen on the first postoperative CT scan in 21 (18%) patients and was still present at 2 weeks in 14 (12%). On the basis of angiographic localization of the inflow, the endoleak was pure type I in 3 cases, pure type II in 9, and mixed-pattern in 2. Of the 5 type I endoleaks, 3 were proximal and 2 were distal. All five resolved after endovascular implantation of additional stent-grafts, stents, and embolization coils. Although inferior mesenteric artery embolization was successful in 6 of 7 cases and lumbar embolization was successful in 4 of 7, only 1 of 11 primary type II endoleaks was shown to be resolved on CT scanning. There were no type III or type IV endoleaks (through the stent-graft). Endoleak was associated with aneurysm dilation two cases. In both cases, the aneurysm diameter stabilized after coil embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery. There were two secondary (delayed) endoleaks; one type I and one type II. The secondary type I endoleak and the associated aneurysm rupture were treated by use of an additional stent-graft. The secondary type II endoleak was not treated. CONCLUSIONS: Type I endoleaks represent a persistent risk of aneurysm rupture and should be treated promptly by endovascular means. Type II leaks are less dangerous and more difficult to treat, but coil embolization of feeding arteries may be warranted when leakage is associated with aneurysm enlargement.