慢性癫(癎)鼠海马内移植神经干细胞的存活、迁移、分化及与宿主整合的研究

目的 研究神经干细胞(NSC)移植到慢性海人酸癫(癎)鼠海马CA3区后细胞的存活、迁移、分化及与宿主细胞的整合情况.方法 将增强型绿色荧光(EGFP)标记的原代培养NSC移植到慢性癫(癎)鼠的海马CA3区.分别在移植后第2、4、8、12周4个时间点取脑冷冻切片,在倒置荧光显微镜下观察移植细胞的存活和迁移.采用免疫荧光染色观察移植细胞的分化和整合情况.结果 NSC在移植后2周未见迁移;移植后4周,可见移植细胞迁移到距移植区最近的齿状回;8周和12周,移植细胞可迁移到齿状回和海马各区.12周仍有大量移植细胞(65 045.00±881.72)存活.NSC在移植区以分化为胶质细胞为主,在齿状回和海马各区以分化为神经元为主;γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元在齿状回门区和海马CA3区分化比例较高.突触素免疫荧光染色示移植细胞与宿主细胞间产生了有机的整合.结论 NSC移植于慢性癫(癎)鼠的海马CA3区后,能够迁移到齿状回和海马各区并长期存活,且可分化为神经元,特别是GABA能神经元,并能与宿主细胞有机整合.     

神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫间疒的可行性研究进展

神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫疒间的研究近年来已在国内外广泛开展,并取得了一定的研究成果。本文从神经干细胞移植到大脑一定部位后癫疒间模型动物的行为学、电生理、形态学改变等方面综述神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫疒间的研究进展,以总结其可行性。     

海马干细胞移植对癫癎鼠脑电影响的初步研究

目的研究神经干细胞移植对癫癎鼠脑电的影响,为神经干细胞移植治疗癫癎提供理论依据.方法分离、培养新生鼠海马干细胞,将其移植至海人酸(KA)所致癫癎模型鼠的右侧海马,比较移植组及未移植组大鼠在移植前和移植后1周、4周、8周及24周海马及杏仁核的脑电变化.结果海马干细胞移植可减少癫癎动物脑电的痫性发放,并降低癫癎波幅约50%.结论神经干细胞移植对于KA诱发癫癎鼠的癫癎具有一定的抑制作用,但其具体作用机制还有待于进一步的研究.     

海马干细胞移植对癫痫鼠苔状纤维发芽抑制作用的研究

Turner等证实大鼠海马胚胎细胞移植对于海人酸（KA）所致癫痫鼠神经元的损害具有一定的修复作用，但胚胎细胞移植受细胞来源和伦理学等多方面限制。神经干细胞的发现为细胞移植治疗颞叶癫痫等神经系统疾病提供了广阔前景。本研究将分离培养的大鼠海马干细胞移植至KA所致癫痫模型鼠CA3区，     

干细胞移植治疗癫的最新研究进展

据WHO报道,世界范围内癫患病率为3‰～7‰。在我国的患病率约为7‰,约有1000余万患者,且多数为部分性发作,而部分性发作中又以颞叶癫最为多见。1病理机制目前主要认为是海马硬化,其特征性改变是海马神经元     

神经干细胞移植入Alzheimer病模型鼠脑内的存活和分化

目的研究神经干细胞移植治疗AD的可行性。方法将从新生大鼠海马齿状回分离、培养的神经干细胞注入AD模型大鼠海马，4周后研究干细胞在体内存活和分化的情况。结果神经干细胞在体内可以存活，部分可以分化，大部分分化为胶质细胞，小部分分化为神经元。结论神经干细胞移植对AD有治疗作用。     

神经干细胞移植于慢性癫痫鼠海马CA3区对其癫痫发作影响的研究

目的 研究神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)移植到慢性海人酸(kainic acid,KA)癫痫鼠海马CA3区后对大鼠癫痫发作的影响.方法 用KA脑审注射制作慢性癫痫模型.将原代培养的、EGFP标记的NSCs移植到慢件癫痫鼠的海马CA3区.分别在移植后第2周、第4周、第8周和第12周连续进行7天观察大鼠癫痫发作频率和程度,在移植后第10周进行发作间期右侧海屿深部脑电监测.然后取脑冰冻切片,在倒置荧光显微镜下直接观察移植细胞的存活和迁移,用免疫荧光染色观察移植细胞分化情况,Timm's染色观察海马齿状回异常苔状纤维发芽.结果 移植后12周仍有大量移植细胞存活(65,045.00±881.72).NSCs在移植区以胶质细胞分化为主,在齿状回和海马各区以神经元分化为主,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元在齿状回门区和海马CA3区分化比率较高.NSCs移植后第4周移植组癫痫鼠的发作次数与对照组相比开始减少,Timm's染色计分和发作程度也有明显改善,两组发作问期脑电图尖、棘波在每个观察期的发放次数分别是3.83±4.96和27.16±21.08,,结论 将NSCs移植到慢性KA癫痫鼠的海马CA3区,移植细胞不仪能够长期存活、迁移到海马齿状回的各区,而且能够分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,特别是GABA能神经元,同时还能够抑制齿状回颗粒细胞的苔状纤维发芽,从而减少癫痫发作次数,减轻癫痫发作程度.     

骨髓源性神经干细胞自体移植对癫(癎)大鼠海马的修复作用

目的 探讨骨髓源性神经干细胞自体移植对癫(癎)大鼠海马的修复作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、移植组和非移植组.无菌条件下分离大鼠骨髓基质细胞,在特定条件下培养、诱导其分化为神经干细胞;对移植组和非移植组大鼠建立颞叶癫(癎)模型,将诱导分化的神经干细胞自体移植至移植组大鼠右侧海马内,观察移植后1周、2周、4周、8周和16周模型鼠海马的形态学变化.结果 移植组与非移植组海马CA3区锥体细胞数各时间点显著少于正常对照组(均P＜0.01);与非移植组比较,移植组海马CA3区锥体细胞数于移植后第2～16周明显增多(均P＜0.01);移植组各时间段之间差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).与正常对照组相比,移植组和非移植组海马损伤侧的Timm染色评分显著增高(均P＜0.01);但移植组移植2周后各时间点评分显著低于非移植组(均P＜0.01);非移植组随制模时间延长评分持续升高.MRI检查显示在神经干细胞移植后1周和2周时低信号改变区比较局限,此后低信号影随着时间的推移逐渐增大.结论 骨髓源性神经干细胞自体移植至癫(癎)大鼠后能够在海马中生存并迁移,具有减轻海马CA3区锥体细胞缺失、抑制海人酸引起的苔状纤维发芽的修复作用.     

神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫癎的可行性研究进展

神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫癎的研究近年来已在国内外广泛开展,并取得了一定的研究成果.本文从神经干细胞移植到大脑一定部位后癫癎模型动物的行为学、电生理、形态学改变等方面综述神经干细胞移植治疗颞叶癫癎的研究进展,以总结其可行性.     

神经干细胞移植入Alzheimer病模型鼠脑内的存活和分化

目的　研究神经干细胞移植治疗AD的可行性。方法　将从新生大鼠海马齿状回分离、培养的神经干细胞注入AD模型大鼠海马 ,4周后研究干细胞在体内存活和分化的情况。结果　神经干细胞在体内可以存活 ,部分可以分化 ,大部分分化为胶质细胞 ,小部分分化为神经元。结论　神经干细胞移植对AD有治疗作用。     

Postnatal age governs the extent of differentiation of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfield neural stem/progenitor cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes

While neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus have been extensively characterized, the behavior of NSCs in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus is mostly unclear. Therefore, we compared the in vitro behavior of NSCs expanded from the micro-dissected CA1 and CA3 subfields of postnatal day (PND) 4 and 12 Fischer 344 rats. A small fraction (∼1%) of dissociated cells from CA1 and CA3 subfields of both PND 4 and 12 hippocampi formed neurospheres in the presence of EGF and FGF-2. A vast majority of neurosphere cells expressed NSC markers such as nestin, Sox-2 and Musashi-1. Differentiation assays revealed the ability of these NSCs to give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, the overall neuronal differentiation of NSCs from both subfields decreased with age (23–28% at PND4 to 5–10% at PND12) but the extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation from NSCs increased with age (24–32% at PND 4 to 45–55% at PND 12). Differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes was however unchanged (40–48%). Furthermore, NSCs from both subfields gave rise to GABA-ergic neurons including subclasses expressing markers such as calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y and parvalbumin. However, the fraction of neurons that expressed GABA decreased between PND4 (59–67%) and PND 12 (25–38%). Additional analyses revealed the presence of proliferating NSC-like cells (i.e. cells expressing Ki-67 and Sox-2) in different strata of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields of both PND4 and PND 12 animals. Thus, multipotent NSCs persist in both CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus in the postnatal period. Such NSCs also retain their ability to give rise to both GABA-ergic and non-GABA-ergic neurons. However, their overall neurogenic potential declines considerably in the early postnatal period.     

β1‐integrin restricts astrocytic differentiation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell‐extracellular matrix and cell–cell interactions. The β1‐integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored. We show that β1‐integrin expression in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) is localized to radial NSCs and early progenitors, but is lost in more mature progeny. Although NSCs in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) normally only infrequently differentiate into astrocytes, deletion of β1‐integrin significantly enhanced astrocyte differentiation. Ablation of β1‐integrin also led to reduced neurogenesis as well as depletion of the radial NSC population. Activation of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) in cultured adult NSCs from β1‐integrin knockout mice reduced astrocyte differentiation, suggesting that at least some of the inhibitory effects of β1‐integrin on astrocytic differentiation are mediated through ILK. In addition, β1‐integrin conditional knockout also resulted in extensive cellular disorganization of the SGZ as well as non‐neurogenic regions of the DG. The effects of β1‐integrin ablation on DG structure and astrogliogenesis show sex‐specific differences, with the effects following a substantially slower time‐course in males. β1‐integrin thus plays a dual role in maintaining the adult hippocampal NSC population by supporting the structural integrity of the NSC niche and by inhibiting astrocytic lineage commitment. GLIA 2016;64:1235–1251     

In vitro culture and differentiation of rat embryonic midbrain-derived neural stem cells

BACKGROUND: Midbrain-derived neural stem cells (mNSCs) can differentiate into functional mature dopamincrgic neurons. The mNSCs are considered the ideal choice for cell therapy of Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE: To isolate rat embryonic mNSCs and to observe the differentiation characteristics of mNSCs induced by cell growth-promoting factors. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro cell culture study based on the molecular biology of nerve cells was carried out at the Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (China) from March to November 2007. MATERIALS: Sprague Dawley rats at embryonic day 14 were used in this study. Nestin antibody, β-Ⅲ tubulin antibody, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNPase) antibody were provided by Abeam; DMEM/F12 medium and N2 supplement were provided by Invitrogen; epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) were provided by R＆D Systems. METHODS: The ventral mesencephalon was dissected from embryonic day 14 rat embryos. By trypsin digestion and mechanical separation, the brain tissue was triturated into a fine single-cell suspension. The cells were cultured in 5 mL serum-free medium containing DMEM/Fl2, 1% N2 supplement, 20 ng/mL EGF and FGF2. The mNSCs at the third generation were coated with 10 μg/mL polylysine and induced to differentiate in the DMEM/Fl2 supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum and 1% N2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neural spheres of the third passage were identified by nestin immunofluorescence; at the same time, the cells were induced to differentiate, and the types of differentiated cell were identified by immunofluorescence for βⅢ tubulin, GFAP and CNPase. RESULTS: Seven days after primary culture, a great many neurospheres could be obtained by successive pasage. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the neurospheres were nestin positive, and after differentiation, the cells expressed GFAP, CNPase and β -Ⅲ-tubulin. CONCLUSION: Embryonic day 14 rat mNSCs can differentiate into neuron-like cells and glial cells following induction by EGF, FGF2 and N2 additive.     

In vitro culture and differentiation of rat embryonic midbrain-derived neural stem cells*☆

BACKGROUND： Midbrain-derived neural stem cells （mNSCs） can differentiate into functional mature dopaminergic neurons. The mNSCs are considered the ideal choice for cell therapy of Parkinson＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： To isolate rat embryonic mNSCs and to observe the differentiation characteristics of mNSCs induced by cell growth-promoting factors. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro cell culture study based on the molecular biology of nerve cells was carried out at the Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital （China） from March to November 2007. MATERIALS： Sprague Dawley rats at embryonic day 14 were used in this study. Nestin antibody, β-Ⅲ tubulin antibody, glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） antibody and cyclic nucleotide 3＇-phosphohydrolase （CNPase） antibody were provided by Abcam; DMEM/F12 medium and N2 supplement were provided by Invitrogen; epidermal growth factor （EGF） and fibroblast growth factor-2 （FGF2） were provided by R＆D Systems. METHODS： The ventral mesencephalon was dissected from embryonic day 14 rat embryos. By trypsin digestion and mechanical separation, the brain tissue was triturated into a fine single-cell suspension. The cells were cultured in 5 mL serum-free medium containing DMEM/FI 2, 1% N： supplement, 20 ng/mL EGF and FGF2. The mNSCs at the third generation were coated with 10ug/mL polylysine and induced to differentiate in the DMEM/F12 supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum and 1% N2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The neural spheres of the third passage were identified by nestin immunofluorescence; at the same time, the cells were induced to differentiate, and the types of differentiated cell were identified by immunofluorescence for β Ⅲ tubulin, GFAP and CNPase. RESULTS： Seven days after primary culture, a great many neurospheres could be obtained by successive pasage. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the neurospheres were nestin positive, and after differentiation, the cells expressed GFAP, CNPase and β -Ⅲ-tu     

帕金森病大鼠海马区增殖神经干细胞分化情况的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)大鼠海马区增殖神经干细胞(NSCs)的分化情况。方法将6羟基多巴(6OHDA)注入大鼠纹状体内制作PD动物模型。连续注射5嗅脱氧尿核苷(Brdu)14d后处死。分别用Brdu和神经核抗原(Neun)以及Brdu和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫双标组织化学方法检测增殖的NSCs向神经元和神经胶质细胞的分化情况。结果PD模型成功后7d,在海马区Brdu/GFAP、Brdu/Neun阳性细胞开始出现,14d后双标的阳性细胞数逐渐增加,28d后达高峰。在这些双标的细胞中,Brdu/GFAP阳性的细胞数较多,而Brdu/Neun阳性的细胞数较少。结论6OHDA纹状体内注射制作的PD大鼠模型海马区增殖的NSCs大部分分化为神经胶质细胞,少部分分化为神经元。     

脑源性神经营养因子诱导大鼠骨髓基质细胞成为神经干细胞及其分化作用的实验研究

目的探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)诱导大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)成为神经干细胞及其分化作用。方法取成年大鼠BMSCs,分别以BDNF和BDNF+RA(维甲酸)作为诱导物诱导,于诱导3d、7d后行巢蛋白(Nestin)、神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学染色。结果诱导3天后BDNF和BDNF+RA诱导组均有大量Nestin染色阳性细胞,BDNF+RA组阳性率高于BDNF组(P<0.01)。NSE、GFAP免疫阳性细胞在诱导3d后也有少量表达。诱导7天后BDNF和BDNF+RA诱导组Nestin阳性细胞明显减少,与诱导3天后比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),而NSE、GFAP阳性细胞数增多,与诱导3天后相比差异有显著性(P<0.01),且BDNF+RA组阳性率高于BDNF组(P<0.01)。结论联合应用BDNF与RA可提高BMSCs神经转化,并促进其向神经元及星形胶质细胞细胞分化。     

Dnmt3a regulates both proliferation and differentiation of mouse neural stem cells

DNA methylation is known to regulate cell differentiation and neuronal function in vivo. Here we examined whether deficiency of a de novo DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3a, affects in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to neuronal and glial cell lineages. Early‐passage neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from Dnmt3a‐deficient ESCs exhibited a moderate phenotype in precocious glial differentiation compared with wild‐type counterparts. However, successive passaging to passage 6 (P6), when wild‐type NSCs become gliogenic, revealed a robust phenotype of precocious astrocyte and oligodendrocyte differentiation in Dnmt3a^?/? NSCs, consistent with our previous findings in the more severely hypomethylated Dnmt1^?/? NSCs. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that total levels of methylcytosine in Dnmt3a^?/? NSCs at P6 were globally hypomethylated. Moreover, the Dnmt3a^?/? NSC proliferation rate was significantly increased compared with control from P6 onward. Thus, our work revealed a novel role for Dnmt3a in regulating both the timing of neural cell differentiation and the cell proliferation in the paradigm of mESC‐derived‐NSCs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.