3 -大豆苷元磺酸钠对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤保护作用的研究（Ⅰ）

目的：研究3-大豆苷元磺酸钠对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：取32只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、3-大豆苷元磺酸钠低、高剂量组（1.0、2.0 mg·kg^-1）。于结扎冠状动脉左前降支前10 min经舌下静脉注入（1.0、2.0mg·kg^-1）3-大豆苷元磺酸钠溶液,模型组及假手术组经舌下静脉注入等体积生理盐水。结扎冠状动脉左前降支使心肌缺血,40 min后恢复血流并持续120 min,复制缺血再灌注损伤模型。测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）的含量。结果：3-大豆苷元磺酸钠治疗组与缺血再灌注组比较,血清LDH、CK值降低,MDA值减小,SOD值升高,且呈一定的剂量依赖性。结论：3-大豆苷元磺酸钠对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

大豆苷元对结扎大鼠冠状动脉所致损伤的保护作用

目的:观察大豆苷元对结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支损伤的保护作用. 方法:取32只雄性Wister大鼠,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为假手术组、缺血模型组、大豆苷元高、低剂量组(5.0,2.5 mg/kg). 于结扎冠状动脉左前降支前10 min经舌下静脉注入大豆苷元溶液,缺血模型组及假手术组经舌下静脉注入等体积生理盐水. 结扎冠状动脉左前降支使心肌缺血并持续120 min建立缺血模型. 记录缺血前、缺血15 min,给药后30,60,90和120 min Ⅱ导联ECG,统计各标测点Ⅱ导联ECG的ST段偏移∑-ST、统计各组大鼠心电图J点和T波上升的最大变化值,评价心肌缺血程度. 实验结束后心内取血测定血清LDH、CK值;测定心肌组织MDA和SOD值. 另用24只Wister大鼠分缺血模型组、大豆苷元高、低剂量组(5.0,2.5 mg/kg)组,同上述动物模型制作方法,取其心肌作TTC染色测心肌梗死面积. 结果:大豆苷元组与缺血模型组比较,心肌梗死面积明显缩小,LDH, CK值降低,MDA值减小,SOD值升高,心电图∑-ST值减少,J点和T波的上升的最大值明显降低,且呈一定剂量依赖性. 结论:大豆苷元对大鼠结扎冠状动脉的缺血损伤具有保护作用.     

瑞香素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察瑞香素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法：取32只雄性Wister大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、瑞香素高剂量组（60mg/kg）、瑞香素低剂量组（30mg/kg）.结扎冠状动脉左前降支使心肌缺血,40min后恢复血流并持续120min,复制缺血再灌注损伤模型.治疗组于结扎冠状动脉左前降支前10min经舌下静脉注入瑞香素溶液.模型组及假手术组经舌下静脉注入等体积生理盐水.测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）及心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）值;观察并测定心肌梗死面积的大小,光镜下的心肌病理变化.评价瑞香素治疗组（高、低剂量）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.结果：治疗组与模型组比较,心肌梗死面积明显缩小,血清LDH、CK值降低,血清MDA值减小,SOD值升高,且呈一定剂量相关性.光镜下心肌细胞变性坏死程度有一定减轻.结论：瑞香素治疗组（高、低剂量）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用.     

外源性D-核糖对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨外源性D-核糖对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法:24只SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注(Ischemidreperfusion,I/R)组、D-核糖组.假手术组:只予以左冠状动脉前降支穿线不结扎;I/R组:左冠状动脉前降支结扎30 min,再灌注120 min;D-核糖组:左冠状动脉前降支...     

舒芬太尼后处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨舒芬太尼后处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠经结扎冠状动脉左前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型后随机分为8组:假手术(A)组:只穿线,不结扎;缺血再灌注(B)组:缺血30 min,再灌注120 min,再灌注前5 min单次静脉注射生理盐水1 ml;缺血后处理(C)组:缺血30 mi...     

NOS/NO在白藜芦醇抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的:探讨 NOS/NO 在白藜芦醇抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组(假手术组、缺血再灌注组、白藜芦醇组),采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,于结扎前15 min及再灌注前1 min经舌下静脉注射白藜芦醇10 mg/kg,测定再灌注120 min 后血浆中 NO 含量和总 NOS 活性.结果:与假手术组和缺血再灌注组相比,白藜芦醇组NO含量明显升高(P<0.01),T-NOS活性明显增加(P<0.01);与缺血再灌注组比较,白藜芦醇组iNOS水平降低(P<0.05),而 cNOS水平升高(P<0.01).结论:白藜芦醇可能通过提高总 NOS 活性和增加NO 含量产生对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.     

脑利钠肽预处理对在体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡及bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的 通过建立在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,探讨脑利钠肽预处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡及对凋亡基因bcl-2、Bax表达的影响.方法 21只雄性SD大鼠,随机数字表法分为3组:(1)假手术组:只开胸,不结扎冠状动脉;(2)缺血再灌注组:结扎冠状动脉左前降支35 min、再灌注4 h;(3)脑利钠肽(BNP)组:缺血前10 min,静脉开始予以BNP 0.01μg·kg-1·min-1,结扎冠状动脉左前降支35 min,再灌注4 h,BNP静脉恒速维持至再灌注结束.用TUNEL法检测缺血再灌注心肌细胞的凋亡,用反转录聚合酶链反应、Western印迹方法 检测缺血再灌注心肌bcl-2和Bax的表达.结果 假手术组、BNP组与缺血再灌注组的心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为5.4%±4.2%、22.5%±9.5%、45.2%±13.0%(P＜0.05).bcl-2蛋白表达假手术组、BNP组明显高于缺血再灌注组,分别为0.87±0.09、0.70±0.07、0.38±0.09(P＜0.05);假手术组、BNP组与缺血再灌注组的Bax蛋白表达分别为0.08±0.04、0.39±0.09、0.71±0.18(P＜0.01).假手术组、BNP组、缺血再灌注组的bcl-2/Bax比值分别为0.763±0.154、0.099±0.025、0.022±0.024(P＜0.05).结论 BNP预处理能减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤导致的心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其增加bcl-2表达、抑制Bax表达,从而上调bcl-2/Bax比值相关.     

脑利钠肽后处理能减少在体大鼠缺血再灌注后的心肌损伤

目的 通过建立在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,在大鼠心肌缺血后给予脑利钠肽,探讨脑利钠肽后处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用。方法 24只Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠,雄性,随机分为：（1）假手术组（SHAM）：只开胸,不结扎冠状动脉;（2）缺血再灌注组（I/R）：结扎冠状动脉左前降支45分钟、再灌注 3小时;（3）脑利钠肽组（BNP）：结扎冠状动脉左前降支45分钟、再灌注 3小时,在再灌注前10分钟、开始静脉予以BNP 0.01µg·kg - 1·min - 1, BNP静脉恒速维持至再灌注结束。用2,3,5,氯化三苯基四氮唑(triphenyltetrzolium chloride, TTC)检测缺血再灌注心肌的梗死面积;用TUNEL方法检测缺血再灌注心肌的凋亡;检测心肌组织SOD、MDA的浓度以评估缺血再灌注心肌活性氧的水平。结果 假手术组心肌无梗死,缺血再灌注组的大鼠心梗面积为（44.02±10.15）%,脑利钠肽组的心梗面积为（21.53±9.08）%(P<0.05)。假手术组、BNP组与缺血再灌注组的心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为(3.13±1.62)%、(19.45±9.62)%、(38.46±12.31)% (P<0.05)。与缺血再灌注组相比,BNP组的缺血再灌注心肌组织中MDA减少(P<0.05)、而SOD的增多(P<0.05)。结论 BNP后处理能减少在体大鼠缺血再灌注的心肌损伤,其机制与其减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤导致的心肌细胞凋亡及降低心肌缺血再灌注损伤时的活性氧水平相关。     

黄芪注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨黄芪对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法雄性SD大鼠36只随机分三组：假手术组、模型组、黄芪治疗组,每组12只.采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法制备心肌缺血＋再灌注模型.测定再灌注前静脉注入黄芪对损伤大鼠心电图及心肌组织中MDA,SOD和NO生成的影响;观察损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的形成和黄芪的干预作用.结果黄芪可以改变缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心电图T波的变化幅度,减少缺血再灌注损伤导致的大鼠心律失常发生率,抑制大鼠心肌组织中MDA,NO的形成,提高SOD的活力;减少损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的发生.结论黄芪可以减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤和心肌细胞的凋亡,其作用机制可能与其抗氧自由基和NO自由基的形成有关.     

莫诺苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及可能机制

目的 通过观察莫诺苷对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)心肌组织中凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax表达及心肌梗死面积百分比、心肌组织形态、心肌酶谱的影响,探讨莫诺苷是否可以发挥心肌保护作用并研究可能的相关机制。 方法 健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、莫诺苷[90 mg/(kg·d)]组。以左冠状动脉前降支穿线结扎法制备SD大鼠心肌缺血模型,30 min后放松结扎线制备再灌注模型。分别测定各组大鼠血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平、左心室心肌梗死面积百分比、制备心肌组织切片及采用PCR技术测定Bcl-2和Bax基因的表达情况。 结果 与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组和莫诺苷组大鼠血清CK-MB值显著增高(P<0.01)、心肌梗死面积百分比显著增高(P<0.01)、组织结构病理损伤加剧、Bcl-2、Bax表达增强(P<0.01)。与缺血再灌注组相比,莫诺苷组大鼠CK-MB值显著下降(P<0.01),梗死面积百分比显著减小(P<0.05),组织病理损伤减轻及Bax表达降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2表达增高(P<0.01)。 结论 莫诺苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能与莫诺苷通过上调缺血再灌注心肌组织中Bcl-2基因、下调Bax基因表达而抑制细胞凋亡有关。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.