间歇性外斜视患者屈光参差的特点及其对视功能的影响

目的 探讨间歇性外斜视患者屈光参差的特点及其对视功能的影响.方法 对1149例间歇性外斜视患者中筛查出合并有屈光参差的285例患者资料进行回顾性总结和分析,根据屈光状态分为近视性、远视性、近视散光性、远视散光性和混合性屈光参差.观察项目包括患者的视力、屈光状态、Titmus立体视功能.结果 (1)间歇性外斜视合并屈光参差的检出率为24.80%,以近视性和近视散光性屈光参差所占比例较高,分别为11.31%和8.09%. (2)屈光参差类型和屈光参差度对视力的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),远视和远视散光性屈光参差对视力的影响较大,屈光参差度越大对视力的影响越大. (3)屈光参差度对立体视功能的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.005),立体视锐度损害程度与屈光参差度相关.结论 间歇性外斜视较多合并近视性和近视散光性屈光参差,屈光参差度与视力、立体视功能密切相关.     

Change of stereoacuity with aging in normal eyes

PURPOSE: Stereopsis in normal subjects aged between 7 and 76 years was compared to examine changes in stereopsis with age. METHODS: Eighty subjects with no ocular disease were divided into 8 groups by age. Near stereopsis was evaluated with the TNO, Titmus, and Randot tests; distance stereopsis with the Mentor B-VAT II video acuity tester. RESULTS: The results of all 4 tests showed decreased stereopsis with increasing age (p<0.05). Compared to the stereoacuity of 7 to 10-year-old group, both the TNO and distance stereopsis test results were significantly decreased for the 6th, 7th, and 8th decade groups, while both the Titmus and Randot test results were significantly decreased for the 8th decade group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both near and distance stereopsis decreased with increasing age. Thus, decreased stereopsis should be taken into account when performing the stereopsis test.     

Photorefractive keratectomy for pediatric anisometropia: safety and impact on refractive error, visual acuity, and stereopsis

PURPOSE: To establish the safety and possible efficacy of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for treatment of pediatric anisometropia. DESIGN: Interventional case series METHODS: This is a prospective, noncomparative interventional case series at an individual university practice of photorefractive keratectomy in 11 children aged 2 and 11 years with anisometropic amblyopia who were unable or unwilling to use contact lens, glasses, and occlusion therapy to treat the amblyopia. The eye with the higher refractive error was treated with PRK using a standard adult nomogram. The refractive treatment goal was to decrease the anisometropia to 3 diopters or less. Main outcome measures were cycloplegic refraction, refractive correction, degree of corneal haze, uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and stereopsis over 12 months. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the procedure well. The mean refractive target reduction was -10.10 +/- 1.39 diopters for myopia and +4.75 +/- 0.50 diopters for hyperopia. The mean achieved refractive error reduction at 12 months for myopia was -10.56 +/- 3.00 diopters and for hyperopia was +4.08 +/- 0.8 diopters. Corneal haze at 12 months was minimal. Uncorrected visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 6 (75%) of the eight children able to perform psychophysical acuity tests. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved by 2 lines in 3 (38%) of patients. Stereopsis improved in 3 (33%) of nine patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric PRK can be safely performed for anisometropia. The refractive error response in children appears to be similar to that of adults with comparable refractive errors. Visual acuity and stereopsis improved despite several children being outside the standard age of visual plasticity. Photorefractive keratectomy may play a role in the management of anisometropia in selected pediatric patients.     

飞秒激光辅助超乳联合Toric IOL植入术矫正高度近视白内障合并角膜规则散光

目的:通过飞秒激光技术,量化撕囊口直径,测量高度近视白内障合并角膜散光患者术后远、中、近视力,近立体视功能等指标,评估Toric IOL在高度近视的可行性及必要性。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。选择我院双眼高度近视白内障合并角膜规则散光,并双眼均接受飞秒激光辅助白内障手术的患者,按人工晶状体不同分为两组：A组：Toric IOL组20例40眼,B组：IQ IOL组20例40眼。对比两组患者术前角膜散光、等效球镜及术后7d, 1、3mo最佳矫正远视力、裸眼中视力、近视力、实际残留散光、近立体视锐度、全眼高阶像差、全眼球差等指标。结果:高度近视白内障合并角膜散光患者植入Toric IOL,较IQ组,显著改善了术后7d, 1、3mo裸眼中、近视力,Titmus近立体视锐度及残留散光度(均P<0.05),减少了术后对眼镜的依赖程度;而术后7d, 1、3mo两组最佳矫正远视力、全眼高阶像差及全眼球差无差异(均P>0.05)。结论:高度近视白内障合并角膜散光患者植入Toric IOL,能有效矫正角膜规则散光,提高术后裸眼中、近视力及近立体视功能,减少高度近视患者术后对眼镜的依赖程度,提升双...     

Correlation between myopic ametropia and stereoacuity in school-aged children in Taiwan

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between stereoacuity, as analyzed by the Titmus stereotest, and the severity of myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia in a school-aged population in Taiwan.

Methods

Cycloplegic autorefraction, best corrected monocular visual acuity and stereoacuity were measured in 6- to 18-year-old school children. Children with amblyopia (best corrected visual acuity of <20/25) or strabismus were excluded from this study. The correlation between stereoacuity and the severity of myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia was analyzed by the Titmus stereotest.

Results

A total of 166 children (95 boys, 71 girls; mean age 10.75 years, range 6–18 years) with myopia or astigmatism were enrolled in the study. The mean spherical error was ?2.22 ± 1.70 diopters (D) (range ?0.25 to ?9.50 D), and the mean astigmatism was ?0.72 ± 0.89 (range 0 to ?4.50) D. An anisometropia of >1.00 D and spherical anisometropia of >1.00 D were strongly associated with decreased stereoacuity on the Titmus stereotest (P < 0.001). Astigmatism was also correlated with the performance of stereopsis (P = 0.013).

Conclusion

Anisometropia (>1.00 D), spherical anisometropia (>1.00 D), and astigmatism were associated with reduced stereoacuity in school-aged children.     

Comparing stereoscopic performance of children using the Titmus, TNO, and Randot stereo tests.

The stereo acuities of 112 children between 3 and 11 years of age were assessed using the Titmus, TNO, and Randot stereo acuity tests. Results indicated that stereo acuity test scores improved with age and that performance variability decreased with age. Normal adult findings were achieved by age 7. Generally the Randot Stereo test yielded the best stereo acuity performances. It was concluded that the Randot stereo test is a better clinical test for use with children than either the Titmus or TNO stereo tests.     

The effects of hyperopic and astigmatic ametropia on stereoacuity by Titmus stereo test

PurposeUsing the Titmus stereo test to examine the association between hyperopic ametropia including hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia, and stereoacuity in a school-aged population.MethodsWe measured cycloplegic autorefraction, best corrected monocular visual acuity and best corrected stereoacuity in a population of 4- to 13-year-old school-aged children (Keelung, Taiwan) after obtaining proper informed consent. Children with amblyopia (best-corrected visual acuity inferior to 20/25) or strabismus were excluded from the study. The effects of the severity of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia on stereoacuity revealed by the Titmus stereo test were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen children (51 boys and 66 girls; mean age = 7.32 years, range = 4–13 years) with hyperopia were enrolled into the study. The mean spherical error was +1.48 ± 1.30 diopters (D) (range = +0.25 to +6.50D). The mean astigmatism was -1.22 ± 1.04 D (range = 0 to -3.50 D). They received the Titmus stereo test. A spherical error > +3.00 D and spherical equivalent > +3.00 D showed a strong association with decreased stereoacuity in the Titmus stereo test (p = 0.000). The degree of astigmatism or astigmatic anisometropia was not significantly correlated with the stereopsis in the test.ConclusionThe Titmus stereo test revealed a good quantification of the stereoacuity. A spherical error > +3.00 D, and a spherical equivalent > +3.00D were all associated with a significantly reduced stereoacuity in school-aged children.     

屈光参差性弱视儿童双眼视觉状态

目的：分析屈光参差性弱视儿童的屈光状态、矫正视力情况及其与双眼视觉功能的关系。方法：横断面研究。收集2015年11月至2016年9月就诊于北京9家医院（分布于8个区县）的屈光参差性弱视儿童患者106例（106眼），年龄（6.2±5.4）岁。根据屈光参差危险因素将所有患者分为远视性屈光参差组（67例）、近视性屈光参差组（5例）、散光性屈光参差组（12例）、远视合并散光性屈光参差组（20例）及近视合并散光性屈光参差组（2例）。对所有患者行裸眼视力（UCVA）、矫正视力（BCVA）、屈光状态、远近立体视等检查。采用Pearson相关性分析双眼屈光参差的差值程度与高度屈光不正眼UCVA、BCVA及双眼视觉间的相关性，并分析双眼矫正视力差值程度与双眼视觉的相关性。采用单因素方差分析比较5组高度屈光不正眼BCVA及远近立体视情况。结果：屈光参差的差值程度与高度屈光不正眼UCVA和BCVA、远立体视、近立体视（即随机点立体视，包括立体视锐度、交叉立体视、非交叉立体视）均呈负相关（均P<0.05）；双眼矫正视力差值与远立体视、近立体视均呈负相关（均P<0.05）。5组间在高度屈光不正眼BCVA、远立体视、近立体视方面总体差异均有统计学意义（F=6.221、5.271、3.622、3.647、3.464，P<0.05），进一步两两比较显示高度屈光不正眼BCVA在近视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为远视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组、近视合并散光性屈光参差组以及远视合并散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；远立体视在远视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为近视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），但远视合并散光性屈光参差组与近视合并散光性屈光参差组的远立体视差异无统计学意义；近立体视在近视性屈光参差组最好，然后依次为远视性屈光参差组、散光性屈光参差组、远视合并散光性屈光参差组以及近视合并散光性屈光参差组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：屈光参差性弱视儿童的屈光参差程度与视力、立体视功能相关，且立体视功能和双眼矫正视力差值也有相关性。不同类型屈光参差儿童立体视损害有所差异。     

Stereopsis in refractive surgery

PURPOSE: To examine stereopsis in myopic refractive surgery patients undergoing sequential bilateral and unilateral treatment. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. METHODS: Setting: Clinical practice. Patients: Eighty-three patients were studied; 55 had sequential bilateral and 28 had unilateral treatment. Mean age was 32 years. Stereopsis was measured using a multitarget red-green anaglyph stereo vision test. Only patients with fine preoperative stereopsis were included in the study. Repeat measurements were taken one week laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or three weeks laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) after treatment of one eye in all patients. Further measurements were taken at six and 12 weeks in unilaterally treated patients and after treatment of the fellow eye in bilaterally treated patients. RESULTS: A total of 38.6% of patients retained fine stereopsis (28 to 41 seconds of arc) over a range of anisometropia from 0.625 to 4.375. Moderate stereopsis (66 to 526 seconds of arc) was recorded 28.9% in the presence of 1.375 to 5.525 diopters of anisometropia. Poor/absent stereopsis (< or =2000 seconds of arc) was found in 32.5% in the presence of 2.1 to 8.0 diopters of anisometropia. A strong correlation was found between stereopsis and anisometropia, but interpatient variability was found. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in the untreated eye of > or =20/200 was associated with retention of fine stereopsis. Unilaterally treated patients showed improvement in stereopsis at six weeks after surgery. Sequential bilateral treatment had no deleterious effect on stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of stereopsis was strongly correlated with anisometropia. UCVA in the untreated eye was a good indicator of postoperative stereopsis. Stereopsis improved during the postoperative adaptation period in unilateral treatments. Bilateral sequential treatment has no long-term effect on stereopsis.     

The effect of anisometropia on binocular visual function

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of anisometropia on binocular vision. METHODS: One to three dioptres of unilateral hyperopia, myopia or astigmatism was induced in 30 normal adults. The effect on binocularity was assessed with the Worth-four dot test, Titmus stereo test and Bagolini's lenses. RESULTS: Binocular vision deteriorated with increasing anisometropia. Spherical anisometropia was more deleterious than astigmatic anisometropia. CONCLUSION: In addition to amblyopia, the potential effect of anisometropia on binocular vision should be considered while prescribing spectacles in young children during the sensitive period.     

非球面高透氧性硬性透气性角膜接触镜矫正特殊类型屈光不正的临床评价

目的:评价非球面高透氧性硬性透气性角膜接触镜(rig idgas-permeable contactlens,RGPCL)矫正特殊类型屈光不正的临床疗效及安全性。方法:收集2009-03/2009-12验配非球面高透氧性RGPCL的特殊屈光不正的患者53例99眼,分为:(1)高度近视组6眼;(2)高度散光8眼;(3)屈光参差组15眼;(4)高度近视+高度散光组(近视≥-6.00D或散光≥-2.00D)10眼;(5)高度近视+高度散光+屈光参差组8眼;(6)圆锥角膜组(确诊为圆锥角膜的患者)48眼;(7)混合散光2眼;(8)特殊类型屈光不正组(角膜屈光手术后)2眼。观察验配RGPCL后的矫正视力,并与框架镜的矫正视力比较。定期复诊,记录矫正视力、镜片配适及配戴情况。结果:本组病例戴框架镜(试镜架)的等效球镜度数为(-8.10±5.38)D,而RGP度数为(-6.50±4.13)D,两者差异有显著性(t=-7.499,P<0.01)。戴RGPCL后的视力矫正视力(LOGMAR)为(0.02±0.09),低于戴框架镜的最佳矫正视力(0.14±0.20)。两者具有统计学差异(t=7.03,P<0.01);戴镜3~6mo后,出现10眼角膜上皮擦伤,3眼镜片丢失。结论:应用非球面RGP可矫正高度近视散光、圆锥角膜及各种原因引起的高度屈光不正,其矫正视力明显优于框架眼镜,并有较高的舒适度和安全性,无明显的并发症发生。     

屈光参差性弱视与斜视性弱视临床疗效的比较

目的:分析比较屈光参差性与斜视性弱视的治疗效果。方法:前瞻性研究。2018-07/2020-01在我院门诊确诊的并首次接受治疗的单眼弱视患者46例,平均年龄9±3岁,其中男26例,女20例,按照临床诊断分为斜视性弱视组(无屈光不正),共23例,平均年龄9±3岁,其中男12例,女11例。以及屈光参差性弱视组,共23例,平均年龄9±3岁,其中男14例,女9例。对两组患者采用遮盖及精细训练治疗弱视,于治疗前及治疗后采用国际标准视力表检测视力、用Titmus图谱行立体视锐度的检测。比较两组患者经弱视治疗前后最佳矫正视力及立体视恢复的差异。结果:治疗前两组患者弱视眼的最佳矫正视力无差异(t=-0.475,P>0.05),但斜视性弱视患者的立体视功能明显低于屈光参差性弱视患者(t=-3.919,P<0.001);通过2mo的治疗,两组患者最佳矫正视力提高值有明显差异(t=-2.946,P<0.01),而两组患者立体视提高值无差异(t=1.305,P>0.05);通过6mo的治疗,两组患者最佳矫正视力提高差值有明显差异(t=-2.353,P<0.05),两组患者立体视提高差值也有明显差异(t=2.218,P<0.05);但在6mo时斜视性弱视患者的立体视水平仍低于屈光参差性弱视患者(t=-2.760,P<0.01)。结论:治疗前视力相同的斜视性弱视与屈光参差性弱视,斜视性弱视患者的立体视功能损伤更重。通过治疗,屈光参差性弱视患者的视力恢复较快,而斜视性弱视患者的立体视功能恢复较快,但其立体视功能水平仍低于屈光参差性弱视患者。     

低度近视青少年的脑视觉认知功能评估

目的:比较低度近视青少年与正常青少年的脑视觉认知功能,研究早期、低度近视对脑视觉认知功能的影响。方法:共120名青少年按屈光状态分为低度近视组、屈光参差组以及正常对照组。通过知觉眼位、注视稳定性和立体视来评估参与者的脑视觉认知功能。其中,立体视的检查包括经典远、近立体视(同视机、Titmus)和0.8m和1.5m的3D-随机点静态0阶立体视检查(简称3D立体视)。结果:1)知觉眼位:低度近视组水平知觉眼位显著偏移;屈光参差组水平、垂直知觉眼位均显著偏移;2)注视稳定性:低度近视组和屈光参差组注视稳定性降低;3)立体视:屈光参差组0.8m和1.5m立体视检查的正常率较其余两组降低。低度近视组1.5m 3D立体视正常率降低;4)注视稳定性与近立体视之间存在弱的正相关性。结论:低度近视即使在矫正至最佳矫正视力后,仍存在一定脑视觉认知功能的缺陷,研究还提示,除局部视网膜调控外,脑视觉中枢可能也参与了近视发生发展。     

Validity of the Titmus and Randot circles tasks in children with known binocular vision disorders.

PURPOSE: The Titmus and Randot (version 2) circles tests contain monocular form cues that may enable patients with binocular vision disorders to pass without any measurable stereopsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Randot and Titmus circles tests for quantifying stereoacuity in children with known binocular vision disorders. METHODS: Participants included 170 consecutive children with diverse binocular sensory function ranging from fine to no measurable stereopsis. Stereoacuity was measured using the Randot circles, the Titmus circles, and the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity tests. RESULTS: Discrepancies between stereoacuity scores derived using either the Titmus or Randot circles tests and the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity test increased as a function of random-dot stereoacuity. Stereoacuity scores derived using the circles tests showed good agreement with random-dot stereoacuity when stereoacuity was 2.2 log seconds of arc (160 seconds of arc) or better, but they progressively overestimated stereoacuity for poorer random-dot stereoacuity scores. CONCLUSION: When measuring stereoacuity using either the Titmus or Randot circles tests in patients with known binocular vision disorders, stereoacuity scores > 2.2 log seconds of arc should be interpreted with caution because it is above this level of stereoacuity that the monocular form cues of each of the tests may invalidate the results.     

Evaluation of cerebral visual functions in low myopic adolescents

AIM: To explore whether low myopia would affect cerebral visual functions by comparing perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity tests between low myopic and normal adolescents. METHODS: Totally 120 adolescents matched in age and gender participated in our study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their refractive states. The cerebral visual functions tested in our study included perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity. Stereoacuity tests involved in our study could be categorized into two parts. The first part was classical stereo tests including Titmus and synoptophore stereo test. The second part was 3D random-dot test for zero-order stereoacuity (hereinafter as zero-order test) at different viewing distances (0.8 m and 1.5 m). RESULTS: The deviation of horizontal PEP was significantly larger in non-anisometropia when compared to control group. Both horizontal and vertical PEP bias pixels were significantly larger in anisometropia group. Both non-anisometropia group and anisometropia group had more trouble in holding their fixation stable. Moreover, anisometropia group had more abnormal results than other two groups. And in zero-order test at 1.5 m, both non-anisometropia and anisometropia had more abnormal results in stereoacuity than control group. The correlation between fixation stability and near stereoacuity (Titmus and zero-order stereoacuity at 0.8 m) was weak and positive. CONCLUSION: Low myopic adolescents still have certain defects in cerebral visual functions. Examinations used in our study are useful in assessing cerebral visual functions. They could provide better follow-up evaluation and solid ground for further specific treatments in treating defects of cerebral visual functions. So far, local retinal environment has been the focus of the development in myopia. Our results suggested that researchers might pay more attention on visual cortex in studying the mechanisms of myopia in the near future.     

角膜塑形镜矫正近视性屈光参差对双眼视功能的影响

目的：观察近视性屈光参差患者配戴角膜塑形镜后双眼视功能的变化。方法：选取40例配戴角膜塑形镜的近视性屈光参差患者,观察配戴前和配戴3 mo 后裸眼视力( uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力( best corrected visual acuity, BCVA)、屈光参差度、同视机双眼视功能、近立体视功能的变化。结果：配戴前平均UCVA为4.0±0.2,BCVA为4.96±0.2,屈光参差度-4.64±1.52D;配戴3mo后平均UCVA为4.97±0.07,BCVA为4.99±0.1,屈光参差度为0.23±0.12D;配戴3mo后与配戴前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。配戴前拥有同时视者36例、融合功能21例、远立体视功能13例。配戴3 mo后分别为40例、36例、23例。配戴后获得融合功能和远立体视者较配戴前增加,与配戴前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。配戴角膜塑形镜前,框架眼镜矫正后近立体视正常者14例,近立体视异常者26例(13例黄斑立体视,7例周边立体视,6例立体盲)。配戴3 mo后近立体视正常者27例,近立体视异常者13例(7例黄斑立体视,3例周边立体视,3例立体盲)。配戴后3 mo的近立体视与配戴前比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论：配戴角膜塑形镜矫正近视性屈光参差3 mo后,不仅裸眼视力得到提高,而且可以改善立体视功能。     

屈光参差性弱视儿童视力与立体视的关系

目的探究相同屈光参差范围内不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力与立体视情况,以及视力、屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。方法回顾性研究。收集56例屈光参差性弱视儿童和52例伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童以及20例正常儿童相应检查数据,检查包括矫正视力、屈光程度、随机点动态2阶粗糙立体视。采用多元方差分析3类儿童的视力差异,统计立体视分布情况,运用非条件logistic回归分析视力与屈光参差类型对拥有立体视与否的影响。结果单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童与伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异无统计学意义（F=3.58,P=0.0314,校正α=0.016）。单纯及伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童粗糙立体视拥有率分别为96%,71%。在双眼视力一致的条件下,伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视与单纯屈光参差性弱视儿童相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值为0.132（95%CI：0.034~0.503）。在屈光参差类型一致的条件下,高、中双眼视力平衡度与低双眼视力平衡度相比,拥有2阶立体视的OR估计值分别为5.161（95%CI：0.868~30.675）和3.939（95%CI： 0.920~16.858）。结论相同屈光参差程度范围中不同类型屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力差异不明显;伴有斜视的屈光参差性弱视儿童立体视缺损的可能性更高,并且双眼不平衡度越高引起的立体视下降越明显。     

角膜屈光手术对成人和青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视的临床意义

目的：研究准分子激光角膜屈光手术治疗成人或大龄的青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视的疗效。

方法：选取2010-09/2013-03在我院行准分子激光角膜屈光手术的伴有弱视的远视性屈光参差患者共11例16眼,年龄15岁以上,随访6mo以上。记录患者术前术后裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、睫状肌麻痹后屈光度以及立体视等情况,并询问患者主觉视觉质量改善的状况以及对手术的满意度。

结果：手术眼16只平均睫状肌麻痹后屈光度的等效球镜从术前的5.76±1.71D降到术后1.42±1.22D(t=13.6,P=0.00)。11例患者双眼间屈光参差从术前的3.78±2.39D降到手术后1.14±1.50D(t=6.08.P=0.00)。手术后患者看远裸眼视力从0.35±0.27上升到0.45±0.29(t=-4.76,P<0.001),看近裸眼视力从0.26±0.24上升至0.49±0.27(t=5.43,P=0.00); 术前worth四孔灯检查4例显示弱视眼抑制。手术后均恢复了正常。同视机检查6例有立体视,术后为10例。Titmus立体视检查立体视锐度也明显提升(t=-2.97,P=0.003)。 没有术中、术后明显并发症发生。所有患者主诉生活中视觉质量明显改善并对手术效果感到满意。

结论：准分子激光角膜屈光手术是治疗过了视觉敏感期的成人或大龄青少年远视性屈光参差性弱视,尽管对弱视眼视力提升有限,但依然提高患者的裸眼视力和立体视功能,改善患者生活质量,是一种值得采用的方法。     

Contrast Sensitivity and Stereoacuity in Successfully Treated Refractive Amblyopia

PurposeTo assess whether monocular contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity impairments remain when visual acuity is fully recovered in children with refractive amblyopia.MethodsA retrospective review of 487 patients diagnosed with refractive amblyopia whose visual acuity improved to 0.08 logMAR or better in both eyes following optical treatment was conducted. Measurements of monocular contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity had been made when visual acuity normalized. All patients had been treated with refractive correction for approximately 2 years following diagnosis. No other treatments were provided. Monocular contrast sensitivity was measured using the CSV-1000E chart for children 6 years of age or younger and a psychophysical technique called the quick contrast sensitivity function in older children. Stereoacuity was measured using the Random Dot Test that includes monocular cues and the Randot Stereoacuity Test that does not have monocular cues.ResultsStatistically significant interocular differences in contrast sensitivity were observed. These differences tended to occur at higher spatial frequencies (12 and 18 cycles per degree). Stereoacuity within the age-specific normal range was achieved by 47.4% of patients for the Random Dot Test and only 23.1% of patients for the Randot Stereoacuity Test.ConclusionsFull recovery of visual acuity following treatment for refractive amblyopia does not equalize interocular contrast sensitivity or restore normal stereopsis. Alternative therapeutic approaches that target contrast sensitivity and/or binocular vision are required.     

Does the type of lens influence stereoscopic vision

Purpose. Age and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) are assumed to reduce the quality of stereopsis, whereas multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOL) are supposed to provide better random dot stereopsis than monofocal IOL. The following study investigates whether and how the different IOL types (including the different existing principles of MIOL) influence stereopsis. Patients and methods. We included 153 persons from six groups (young and elder phakic subjects, patients with bilateral monofocal IOL, with bilateral diffractive MIOL, with bilateral refractive MIOL, and with unilateral diffractive/refractive MIOL). Stereopsis measurements were performed using the Pola test with a two-dimensional and a random dot test for far and near distances and the results for near distance were compared with the Lang random dot, two-dimensional Titmus, and the Monjé real three-dimensional tests. Near and distance monocular and binocular visual acuity and orthoptic examinations had been previously carried out. Results. Of the young phakic subjects, 81–92% correctly perceived the Pola test fi-gures, and 100% did so in the Lang, Titmus, and Monjé tests. Of the elder phakic subjects, 36–73% correctly perceived the Pola test, and 52–88% did so in the Lang, Titmus, and Monjé tests. Of the patients with bilate-ral monofocal IOL, 19–62% perceived the Pola test figures, as did 30–61% of the patients with bilateral diffractive MIOL, 12–53% of the patients with bilateral refractive MIOL, and 5–29% of the patients with unilateral diffractive/refractive MIOL. Conclusion. All patients with bilateral mono- or different multifocal IOL had good binocular vision in far and near distance including random dot stereopsis.