弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫治疗进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL）是最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）亚型,其具有高度异质性和侵袭性。尽管许多患者应用R-CHOP(利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+泼尼松)方案一线治疗后达到完全缓解（CR）,但仍有部分患者之后发展为复发和难治性的DLBCL,而一旦发展为复发难治性的DLBCL,常规的放疗和化疗则收效甚微。近年来,免疫治疗逐渐成为研究热点,如单克隆抗体治疗、双特异性抗体治疗、抗体-药物偶连物（ADC）治疗和嵌合体抗原受体修饰T细胞（CAR-T）治疗等。本文现就弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫治疗进展进行综述。     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤基因分型研究进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)在临床特征、基因表达和治疗反应及预后方面均表现出明显异质性.目前,R-CHOP(利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱、强的松)作为标准治疗方案已不能满足临床需要,而近年的几项基于细胞起源分型进行的R-CHOP+X临床试验均未...     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤继发中枢神经系统侵犯的诊疗进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL）继发中枢神经系统（central nervous system,CNS）侵犯是一种严重的临床并发症,治疗方法有限,预后普遍较差。随着利妥昔单抗的广泛应用,其发生率呈降低趋势,但是脑实质受累越发多见,病理活检在诊断中则越发重要。在高危因素鉴定方面需要结合临床与分子生物学因素综合评估。以大剂量甲氨蝶呤为主的全身化疗作为主流的预防策略,其作用尚存争议。伊布替尼等新药、新疗法的治疗价值得到进一步探索。本文旨在对近年来DLBCL继发CNS侵犯的诊疗进展予以综述。      

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤诊治进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是目前最常见的成人非霍奇金淋巴瘤,不同亚型在临床表现、遗传学以及分子生物学等特征方面存在明显差异,所观察到的遗传学改变主要集中在BCL6,BCL2,cMYC,FAS(CD95)的突变和体细胞超突变的异常上。虽然CHOP方案化疗能够治愈部分DLBCL,但完全缓解率仅为45%~55%。强化化疗方案或干细胞移植可改善某些患者的长期生存,最突出和一致改善弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的长期生存效果则是随着抗CD20单克隆抗体药物与化疗的联合应用。     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤相关抗原及其抗体治疗的研究进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)是成人中发病率最高的中高度恶性淋巴瘤,其在免疫学特性和临床表现上具有很大异质性。治疗性单克隆抗体的出现为包括DLBCL在内的恶性B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗带来了根本性的变化。针对B细胞CD20抗原,继1997年美国FAD首次批准单克隆抗体Rituximab应用于治疗B细胞淋巴瘤并取得了良好的临床效果之后,又陆续研发出第2代抗体Ofatumumab和Veltuzumab以及第3代抗体GA-101。同时,一些针对B细胞其他靶位的单克隆抗体,包括Epratuzumab和CMC-544(抗CD22)、Medi-551(抗CD19)、Dacetuzumab(抗CD40)、Milatuz-umab(抗CD74),以及Apolizumab(抗HLA DR)等,均已进入临床试验阶段。     

老年弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL）多见于老年人,但老年患者通常治疗效果不佳,化疗不良反应较多,且个体差异较大,目前尚无最佳治疗方案,总体预后较差。R-CHOP方案（利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+长春新碱+多柔比星+泼尼松）为DLBCL的一线标准治疗方案,但部分老年患者难以耐受。针对老年患者,已探索出多种治疗方案,包括标准方案减量使用,标准方案联合某些新型药物,以及使用新的药物组合等,均取得了不同程度的成功。面对更多的治疗选择,根据患者年龄、一般体能状态、合并症和疾病病理特征等情况进行个体化治疗,早期选择合适的治疗方案,旨在提高患者疾病缓解率并减少复发,从而改善患者的预后。     

Ⅰ和Ⅱ期弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗进展

修订的欧美淋巴瘤分类(REAL)和世界卫生组织(WHO)分类均将弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)定为一个独立的病种。DLBCL是欧美非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)中最常见的淋巴瘤，约占1／3。我国滤泡性淋巴瘤约占5％，明显少于欧美的35％，因此DLBCL理应占我国NHL的大多数。因临床医师对DLBCL尚不熟悉，而且其Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的治疗方案当今有较大的改变，故就此做一综述。     

BCL-6与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的相关性

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是非霍奇金淋巴瘤中发病最多的一型，与BCL-6基因高度相关。BCL-6主要分布于生发中心及生发中心起源的淋巴瘤中，在DLBCL中易发生易位、突变、缺失从而导致表达失调，作用于与细胞活化、分化、周期、凋亡相关的基因，使细胞处于快速增殖、幼稚状态。BCL-6对DLBCL预后的意义尚有争议，不同的统计数据得出了不同结论。     

复发难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤靶向药物治疗进展

淋巴瘤为一组起源于淋巴结或其他淋巴组织的异质性血液系统恶性肿瘤，包括霍奇金淋巴瘤（Hodgkin's lymphoma，HL）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma，NHL），其中弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，DLBCL）为一类异质性明显的淋巴系统恶性肿瘤，也是最常见的NHL亚型。标准R-CHOP方案（利妥昔单抗联合环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱和泼尼松）治疗可显著提高60%以上患者的生存期，然而仍有约30%~40%患者出现疾病复发或难治，预后较差，如何延长复发难治性DLBCL患者的生存期并改善其预后已成为目前国内外研究的热点。随着疾病基因表达谱、耐药分子机制等的不断深入研究，化疗新方案及新药不断探索，为个体化精准治疗复发难治性DLBCL带来新希望。本文拟对新近的靶向药物在复发难治性DLBCL中的治疗进展进行综述。      

99例结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗结果

目的 探讨结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征和治疗结果.方法 回顾性分析2000--2006年期间收治的99例结外弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL),所有病例经过病理和免疫组化确诊.胃肠道原发32例,原发中枢神经系统和睾丸共14例,其余部位53例.结果 结外DLBCL的临床特点主要表现为高龄、男性略多见、全身症状少见、Ⅰ～Ⅱ期多见、一般状态较好、国际预后指数评分多为中低分.全组5年总生存率为78.9%,原发胃肠道、原发中枢神经系统和睾丸、其他原发部位的5年总生存率分别为82.5%、37.0%、74.6%.全组病例单因素预后分析显示PS评分、结外受侵>1个及国际预后指数评分对5年总生存率有影响.结论 结外DLBCL为一组异质性疾病,预后良好,但原发于中枢神经系统和睾丸部位的病例预后可能较差.     

Treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

With the implementation of rituximab, tremendous progress has been achieved in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Nevertheless, the majority of patients with DLBCL are over the age of 65 years and the management of these patients is often suboptimal. Standard chemo-immunotherapy with curative approach should be appropriate for all elderly patients who can tolerate it. Therefore, a careful evaluation of each patient is mandatory prior to treatment allocation. R- CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) remains the standard of care, but special attention has to be paid to rigorous supportive care. Patients not fit enough for R-CHOP are candidates for dose-reduced therapy or other palliative strategies.     

年轻高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者治疗研究进展

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是成年人淋巴瘤中最常见的一种类型,约占非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的30％～ 40％.年轻高危DLBCL患者是临床预后不良的一组特殊人群,目前在临床实践中尚无标准治疗方案,常规化疗、联合利妥昔单抗的R-CHOP、R-CHOP样方案、大剂量化疗及自体造血干细胞移植并未完全扭转其预后不良的现实.文章就年轻高危DLBCL患者的治疗现状及未来的治疗方向进行综述.     

Improving outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most commonly occurring form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the western world. Until the mid 1990s the incidence of DLBCL increased in both sexes, across racial categories, and across all age groups except the very young, the etiology of most cases remains unknown. DLBCL is associated with an aggressive natural history, but it can be cured with combination chemotherapy regimens like cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), which has been the mainstay of therapy for several decades. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the biological heterogeneity of DLBCL and in improving survival for DLBCL patients with novel combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Gene expression profiling (GEP) has uncovered DLBCL subtypes that have distinct clinical behaviors and prognoses, and the addition of the monoclonal antibody, rituximab, to CHOP has markedly improved outcomes. Future approaches to DLBCL management will use molecular signatures identified through GEP to provide prognostic information and to isolate therapeutic targets that are being evaluated for DLBCL patients who relapse or those with high risk disease.     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤治疗进展

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的恶性淋巴瘤.虽然R-CHOP标准治疗方案改善了DLBCL患者的整体生存,但高危患者5年总生存率仍<50%.因此DLBCL一直是研究和关注的热点,如新药的联合治疗、以嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)和抗体治疗为代表的免疫靶向治疗、如何降低治疗的长期不良反应以及寻找新的预后生物学标志物和分型系统等.文章就第60届美国血液学会年会上DLBCL的最新进展进行概述.     

Debulking surgery for patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been the principal modalities of treatment for diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) for over 30 years. Various treatment regimens have been designed over the years to try to increase response and cure rates. The role of surgery has been generally restricted to defined and limited situations including diagnostic tissue biopsies and treating abdominal emergencies such as organ rupture or perforation. We present two cases of refractory B-NHL, where surgery was used as a part of stepwise and multi-modal treatment with curative intent. In both cases, the treatment approach included standard dose chemotherapy, eradication of residual mass by surgery, high dose chemotherapy (HDC) with stem cell support and posttransplantant immunotherapy. Currently, 2 years after completing the therapy, both patients are well with no evidence of active disease. Based on our experience with 2 patients we believe that in specific cases of residual chemo-resistant lymphomatous mass, surgery should be considered as a part of a multimodal approach.     

Conditional survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Prognosis of lymphoma patients is usually estimated at the time of diagnosis and the estimates are guided by the International Prognostic Index (IPI). However, conditional survival estimates are more informative clinically, as they consider those patients only who have already survived a period of time after treatment. Conditional survival data have not been reported for lymphoma patients. METHODS: Conditional survival was estimated for 1209 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the population-based LYFO registry of the Danish Lymphoma Group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate conditional survival at 0-5 years after diagnosis. RESULTS: The probability of surviving 5 years increases with each year survived for the first 3 years after diagnosis, after which the increase is minimal. The median survival increases from 38 months for all patients to between 108 and 120 months, conditioned on survival for at least 3-5 years. The prognostic capacity of the IPI and the age-adjusted IPI was high at diagnosis, but the significance gradually declined in the first years after diagnosis. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of the individual clinical variables of the IPI was also significant at diagnosis, but 2 years after diagnosis only age had prognostic impact. Multivariate analysis of patients who survived > or = 3 years identified only age as a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: For patients with DLBCL who have survived more than 1 year after diagnosis, the conditional survival probability provides more accurate prognostic information than the conventional survival rate estimated from the time of diagnosis.     

Venous thromboembolism in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

We conducted a retrospective record review to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). All records from 1990 to 2001 of patients with the diagnosis of DLBCL at a tertiary care hospital were reviewed. Those with transformation from low-grade lymphoma, central nervous system lymphoma, HIV-related lymphoma or with incomplete records were excluded. All episodes of symptomatic VTE confirmed by imaging studies that were either present at diagnosis or occurred during initial treatment were identified. VTE occurred in 27 of 211 patients (12.8%). Stage I disease was associated with a low risk, whereas a high international prognostic index score increased risk. Of patients with VTE, thrombosis was present at diagnosis in 37% and occurred during the first chemotherapy cycle in 22% and during the first three cycles in 82%. The median survival of patients with VTE was 1.04 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75 - 1.33] compared to 5.2 years (95% CI 1.8 - 8.6) for those without VTE (P = 0.038). We conclude that VTE is a frequent complication of DLBCL that occurs particularly at diagnosis and during initial therapy, and it is associated with a worse prognosis.