原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤37例的MRI表现分析

目的：分析原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析37例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现,包括病灶分布、大小、信号特点、占位效应及强化特征。结果：37例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤中,单发病灶24例,多发病灶13例。单发病灶分布于大脑半球13例、小脑3例、丘脑及鞍区各2例,胼胝体、三脑室、颈静脉孔区及天幕裂孔区各1例。T1WI呈低或等信号占95.8%,T2WI均呈高信号;除1例增强后不明显强化外,其余明显强化病灶中均匀强化及不均匀强化者各占50%;有占位效应者占45.9%。结论：原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤MRI表现多变,临床需警惕原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的各种不典型MRI表现。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI 诊断

 目的 评价MRI在诊断原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤中的作用。方法 回顾性分析7例经病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现。结果 本组病例均为B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤，其中单发5例，多发2例。MRI表现为均匀的长T1、长T2信号，病灶内无明显坏死囊变灶，瘤周水肿相对较轻，占位效应轻，中线结构移位不明显，增强后病灶呈明显均匀性强化。结论 原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤无典型的MRI表现，发病部位相对较深，肿瘤大小与占位效应不成比例，增强时病灶实质均匀性强化且无坏死囊变，最后确诊有赖于病理的免疫组化检查。     

原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT表现特点分析

目的探讨原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT检查特点及应用。方法对收治的13例经病理证实的原发性脑淋巴瘤患者的MRI和CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 13例原发性脑淋巴瘤患者中,9例单发,4例多发,共有病灶21个。CT平扫多表现为等或稍高密度,而MRI平扫时T1WI表现为等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号。结论原发性脑淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征,对CT和MRI影像资料进行综合分析,有利于原发性脑淋巴瘤的早期诊断。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的放射治疗进展

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)是指发生在脑、脊髓、脑膜或眼的罕见侵袭型非霍奇金淋巴瘤,以弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤占绝大多数,其中又以Non-GCB亚型多见。未经治疗的患者中位生存期仅为3个月,单纯的手术切除肿瘤并没有明显的生存获益。早期单独使用全脑放疗(WBRT),缓解率高,但持续时间短,且延迟性神经系统不良反应是一...     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤20例的CT与MRI诊断

 目的　探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）患者的CT与MRI表现特点,提高对该疾病的认识和诊断水平。方法　回顾性分析20例免疫功能正常,经病理证实为PCNSL患者的CT与MRI资料,所有患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中2例同时行CT直接增强扫描,6例行CT平扫,1例行CT平扫并增强。结果　病灶单发14例,多发6例,共38个病灶,大部分位于脑表面或近中线部位（血管入脑的部位）;密度与信号特点类似脑膜瘤;增强后明显强化,边缘有"毛刺征"（36／38）。结论　颅内原发淋巴瘤影像表现虽然多种多样,但其影像仍具有一定的特点,特别是PCNSL的发病部位、信号特征和增强后边缘的"短毛刺"较有特征。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的放射治疗

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤可分为非免疫抑制和免疫抑制两种类型，前者预后较好，后者预后较差。目前放疗方法是全脑照射40～45Gy后，肿瘤原发部位局部推量到60～65Gy。化、放综合治疗可提高生存率，MTX静脉和鞘内化疗后再给予全脑放疗不会增加放射性脑病的发生率。最佳的治疗方式尚需要进一步的临床探讨。     

原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤6例分析

原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤(ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｃｅｎｔｒａｌｎｅｒｖｏｕｓｓｙｔｅｍｌｙｍｐｈｏｍａ,ＰＣＮＳＬ)少见,约占全部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的1%[1],近20年来其发病率有上升趋势,其预后明显比其它系统恶性淋巴瘤差。我院1994年1月至1999年8月共收治6例,均经手术与病理证实,现分析报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组男性4例,女性2例,年龄12～63岁,中位年龄44岁。临床表现:头晕、头痛4例,肢体活动障碍4例,共济失调1例,癫痫1例。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ显示单发病灶5例,其中额叶3例,左中央区1例,小脑半球1例;额、颞多发病灶1例。ＣＴ显示:边…     

原发性胶质母细胞瘤和继发性胶质母细胞瘤中MMP-2蛋白及MDM2蛋白的表达和意义

目的:探讨MMP-2蛋白及MDM2蛋白在原发性胶质母细胞瘤和继发性胶质母细胞瘤中的表达差异性及其意义。方法:免疫组化SP二步法检测72例胶质母细胞瘤（36例原发性胶质母细胞瘤和36例继发性胶质母细胞瘤）石蜡包埋标本及10例正常脑组织石蜡包埋标本MMP-2蛋白和MDM2蛋白的表达情况,分析上述蛋白在两种病理类型的胶质母细胞瘤中的表达差异情况。结果:在原发性和继发性胶质瘤标本中,MMP-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为63.9%和86.1%;MDM2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为61.1%和80.6%。MMP-2蛋白及MDM2蛋白在原发性和继发性胶质母细胞瘤中的表达差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:MMP-2蛋白及MDM2蛋白在原发性、继发性胶质母细胞瘤中的表达差异可反映它们的不同分子遗传学特征。     

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤放疗作用观察

目的 探索放疗在原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤治疗中的作用。方法 回顾分析2010年9月至2017年12月确诊的免疫功能正常的原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤60例资料,其中50例经由手术或立体定向活检后病理诊断,10例影像学临床诊断。52例患者接受了化疗,其中45例为大剂量甲氨喋呤为主方案,25例为含利妥昔单抗方案。27例患者行计划性放疗,33例未行计划性放疗,其中治疗失败后9例接受了挽救性放疗。结果 中位随访时间28个月(5~70个月)。全组中位生存、中位无进展生存期分别为22个月(5~65个月)、13个月(5~55个月),4年总生存率、无进展生存率分别为61%、33%。计划性放疗组、非计划性放疗组4年总生存率分别为68%、54%(P=0.083),无进展生存率分别为47%、20%(P=0.014)。挽救性放疗组与计划性放疗组4年总生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.398),全脑放疗≤36Gy、>36Gy组4年总生存率差异也无统计学意义(P=0.136)。结论 放疗是原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的综合治疗的一部分,计划性放疗可能使患者在综合治疗中获益,较高的照射剂量不能使患者获益。     

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤研究进展

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)是原发于颅内的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤,是一种罕见的高侵袭性淋巴瘤,预后较差.近年来,关于PCNSL的治疗方案尚无定论,以往的治疗包括手术、放疗、化疗等.目前大多认为综合治疗可以提高患者的生存率,而联合化疗药物的选择和预防性鞘内注射化疗药物在其治疗中占有重要地位.     

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤诊疗进展

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤是一种少见的中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤,以大剂量甲氨蝶呤为基础方案诱导化疗是目前一线治疗,随后全脑放疗作为巩固治疗.迟发神经认知功能障碍出现,尤其是老年人,使缓解患者是否需要全脑放疗或减量放疗需要进一步明确.利妥昔单抗治疗PCNSL,初步研究表明美罗华可能给患者带来获益,但研究证据水平较低.HDC/ASCT对于治疗复发性或难治性PCNSL虽有疗效但毒副作用较大,临床价值尚存争议.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma

Background: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) non-invasively evaluates the metabolic profile of normal and abnormal brain tissue. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive tumor responsive to high-dose methotrexate based regimens. Patients often have complete responses but relapses are common. We characterized the MR spectra of PCNSL patients, correlated MRSI with MRI and evaluated whether early recurrence could be detected by MRSI.Methods: Patients with PCNSL had multi-voxel MRSI before, during, and after treatment. The region of interest was defined using axial FLAIR images. Metabolites assessed were N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), lipid, and lactate. Ratios of Cho/Cr, NAA/Cho, and NAA/Cr were calculated and correlated with MRI. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and relative risks of each of the ratios were determined.Results: MRSI was performed on 11 men and seven women; median age of 59. Sixty-seven MRSI studies were performed, 17 baseline and 48 follow-up studies. Median ratios in 16 pretreated patients were Cho/Cr-1.90, NAA/Cho-0.39, and NAA/Cr-1.27. Two patients had lipid at baseline, five had lactate and two had both. MRSI correlated with tumor response or progression on MRI; in three patients MRSI suggested disease progression prior to changes on MRI. Univariate analysis of metabolite ratios, lipid, and lactate revealed that none significantly affected PFS or OS. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the presence or absence of lipid, lactate or both revealed a trend for increased PFS.Conclusion: MRSI and MRI correlate with tumor response or progression and may allow early detection of disease recurrence. The presence or absence of lipid and/or lactate may have prognostic significance. Further research using MRSI needs to be done to validate our findings and determine the role of MRSI in PCNSL.Presented in part at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology; April 12, 1999.     

Temozolomide and methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma in the elderly

Background Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in the elderly is associated with lower response rates and higher risks of acute and late delayed toxicity as compared to younger patients. Temozolomide has emerged as a new alternative treatment for PCNSL and constitutes an attractive option for the elderly because of its favorable toxicity profile. In this study we report outcomes of a consecutive series of PCNSL elderly patients initially treated with an innovative regimen combining methotrexate and temozolomide without radiotherapy or intra-thecal chemotherapy. Methods Histologically confirmed newly-diagnosed PCNSL patients older than 60 years were included. An induction chemotherapy was initially given (methotrexate 3 g /m² on days 1, 10, and 20, and temozolomide 100 mg/m² on days 1–5). Patients achieving a partial or complete response proceeded to a maintenance phase (up to 5 monthly cycles of methotrexate 3 g/m² on day 1, and temozolomide 100 mg/m² days 1–5). Non-responders were treated on an individual basis. Results Among the 23 included patients, a complete response was observed in 55%, and disease progressed in the other 45%. Median event-free survival was 8 months, and median overall survival was 35 months. Grades 3 or 4 toxicities included nephrotoxicity in three patients, and hematotoxicity in five; no neurotoxicity has been observed to date. One patient died while on treatment from complications of intestinal obstruction. Conclusion Our efficacy results are comparable to other reported regimens, with the advantages of a favorable toxicity profile, and absence of intra-thecal chemotherapy. Prospective, controlled studies are warranted to confirm such results.     

Prognostic implication of p27 expression in primary central nervous system lymphoma

To clarify the role of p27/Kip1 (p27) in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), we examined p27 expression by immunohistochemical methods in a series of 22 patients with PCNSL. We attempted to correlate the expression of p27 with proliferation potential and prognosis. Although the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) was lower in tumors with low p27 expression (26.7% ± 17.2% vs 38.1% ± 16.3%), it was not significantly different from that of tumors with high p27 expression (P = 0.1253). Survival analysis revealed that high p27 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall prognosis (P = 0.0011); however, the MIB-1 LI were not associated with prognosis. Our results suggest p27 as a predictor of prognosis in patients with PCNSL.     

原发中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤的诊断及治疗

目的：探讨原发中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床、影像学表现,治疗方案选择和预后。方法：对24例PCNSL的诊断、治疗过程、预后进行回顾性分析。结果：PCNSL的临床表现以颅内压增高、局灶占位性病变损伤症状为主,肿瘤可单发或多发;肿瘤影像学缺乏特异性,确诊依靠病理学诊断。结论：PCNSL恶性度高,预后不良,手术全切率低;对确诊病例采用个体化的手术方案结合术后放、化疗是治疗本病的关键,可显著延长患者生存时间。     

A new prognostic model using absolute lymphocyte count in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma

PurposePrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive and rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has been suggested to have a prognostic value in several subtypes of NHL. We evaluated the prognostic significance of clinical factors, including ALC, in patients with PCNSL to develop a new prognostic model.MethodsWe analysed prognostic factors, including ALC, at diagnosis in 81 PCNSL patients receiving high-dose methotrexate-based therapy.ResultsThe median ALC at diagnosis was 1210 × 10⁶/L (range, 210–3610), with lymphopenia (≤875 × 10⁶/L) being detected in 27 (33.3%) patients. In the multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) >1 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.18, P = 0.003), age >50 years (HR 4.23, P = 0.012), and lymphopenia at diagnosis (HR 2.83, P = 0.008) remained independent prognostic factors for low overall survival (OS). Lymphopenia was also a significant prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR 3.17, P = 0.001). By means of a new three-factor prognostic model using ECOG PS >1, age >50 years, and presence of lymphopenia, with 1 point assigned to each factor, we successfully classified the patients into three risk groups: low (0 and 1), intermediate (2), and high (3). The 5-year OS rates of the patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 74.3%, 21.7%, and 12.5%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsLow ALC is a useful indicator of poor prognosis in patients with PCNSL. The proposed three-factor model should be validated in large-scale studies.     

71例原发颅内中枢神经系统DLBCL预后分析

目的 探讨原发颅内中枢神经系统弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的预后因素。 方法 回顾分析1991—2015年间收治的经病理和临床证实的 71例原发颅内中枢神经系统DLBCL临床资料。全组患者均进行了化疗,59例进行了放疗,化疗方案以HD-MTX (HD-MTX,66/71)为主,放疗方案以全脑放疗 ±局部推量为主。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果 放化疗结束时 58例CR, 10例PR,3例PD。5年生存率为43%;5年无疾病进展率为34%。单因素分析显示年龄、KPS评分、单发与多发、是否放疗、放化疗完成时评价、有无复发是影响OS的因素(P=0.000~0.047),多因素分析显示年龄、KPS评分、有无复发是影响OS的因素(P=0.000~0.022)。单因素分析化疗方案、是否放疗、总放疗剂量、全脑剂量、放化疗完成时评价、有无复发是影响PFS的因素(P=0.000~0.028);多因素分析KPS评分、有无复发是影响PFS的因素(P=0.000~0.011)。 结论 年轻、KPS评分高、无复发患者总生存更好,单发、接受放疗、放化疗后疗效好的患者可能更好;KPS评分高、放化疗后疗效好、无复发患者PFS更好,接受含HD-MTX化疗、接受放疗、总的放疗剂量和全脑剂量越高患者PFS可能更好。化疗达CR后是否还放疗及放疗靶区、剂量需进一步研究。