34例下颌骨中心性癌临床、病理及预后分析

目的： 回顾分析下颌骨中心性癌的临床、病理以及预后特点。方法： 纳入2010—2015年于我院口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤科接受手术治疗的下颌骨中心性癌患者的基本信息、临床治疗信息、影像学信息、病理学信息、随访记录,采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 最终纳入36例患者,其中34例随访信息完整。随访患者中,男22例,女12例;年龄31~60岁23例,>60岁11例;有既往吸烟史13例,有既往酗酒史4例。瘤体最大直径中位值为4 cm,瘤体最大直径≤4 cm 21例,瘤体最大直径>4 cm 13例。病理报告提示9例存在同期淋巴结转移,所有术区切缘均为阴性。28例接受术后放疗,9例在随访期间死于肿瘤局部复发或肿瘤远处转移。结论： 手术是治疗下颌骨中心性癌的主要措施。瘤体位于下颌骨体部以外,同期肿瘤淋巴结转移的患者具有较高的术后肿瘤局部复发几率。既往酗酒史对肿瘤术后远处转移有一定促进作用,瘤体最大直径>4 cm的患者,总体预后较差。     

下颌骨造釉细胞瘤行下颌骨切除髂骨移植术后19年复发一例

造釉细胞瘤为颌骨中心性上皮肿瘤,在牙源性肿瘤中常见,极少发生于胫骨或脑垂体内。治疗一般采用留有一定安全缘的下颌骨切除,立即植骨术,术后复发者极少。我院去年收治了一名这样的患者,现报告如下。患者韩××,女,50岁,病案号11109。1966年因右下颌骨造釉细胞瘤于某院行右下颌骨切除,同侧     

开窗减压术联合刮治术治疗下颌骨大型牙源性角化囊性瘤

目的 观察对下颌骨大型牙源性角化囊性瘤采用一期开窗减压术联合二期刮治术术后骨腔的影像学改变,探讨该术式的可行性.方法 下颌骨大型牙源性角化囊性瘤16例,进行一期开窗减压术联合二期刮治术治疗,定期复查曲面断层X线片,观察骨腔的改变.结果 经过8～16个月的观察,所有患者一期手术后病变骨腔逐渐向开窗部位缩小,骨腔密度逐渐增高,最终在开窗部位形成小骨腔;二期手术后约3个月,病变区骨密度与正常下颌骨一致.随访3～8年,所有病例均未见复发.结论 一期开窗减压术联合二期刮治术是治疗大型下颌骨牙源性角化囊性瘤的可行术式.     

�������Ƹ�������Դ�Խǻ�����79���ع˷���

目的评价复发性牙源性角化囊肿外科治疗效果。方法对1998年1月至2008年3月于第四军医大学口腔医院颌面外科手术的、病历资料完整且术后经病理证实为下颌骨牙源性角化囊肿复发病例79例的临床资料进行整理,分析不同治疗方式相应治疗效果。结果79例复发性牙源性角化囊肿患者,采用保守性治疗和根治性治疗手术方式。(1)保守外科治疗后复发率为29.7%(11/37);其中单纯刮治术治疗后复发率为80.0%(8/10);刮治加微波热凝或射频消融、刮治加冷冻治疗后复发率为11.1%(3/27)。根治性治疗后复发率为2.3%(1/42)。(2)单纯刮治术治疗的复发病例平均复发时间为21.8个月;刮治加冷冻、刮治加微波热凝或射频消融术后平均复发时间为47.6个月;1例根治性治疗患者于术后4年复发。(3)保守外科治疗后病例无明显外形及功能障碍,根治性治疗有不同程度面部畸形、咬合障碍。结论复发性牙源性角化囊肿治疗首选仍为根治性治疗,但对部分病例,采用积极保守性手术治疗,可减少截骨所造成并发症,降低复发率,达到与根治性治疗相近的治疗效果。     

发生于下颌骨髁状突牙源性黏液瘤1例

牙源性黏液瘤较少见,占所有牙源性肿瘤的比例为3%～6%,主要发生于青壮年人,肿瘤多位于下颌前牙区和磨牙区[1],我科于2012年7月22日诊治了发生于左侧下颌骨髁状突牙源性黏液瘤患者1例,报道如下:1临床资料患者,女,65岁,荆州市人,住院号812726。患者因左耳前区肿大,缓慢渐进增大2年,无自觉不适,抗感染治疗无效,2年来由小指头大小增至核桃大小。近3d来局部出现疼痛,在我院门诊就诊,门诊以左耳前区肿块待查收入院。发病以来无发热体重下降史,饮食睡眠正常。     

开窗刮治术治疗24例下颌骨实性成釉细胞瘤效果观察

目的 观察下颌骨实性成釉细胞瘤一期刮治开窗术结合二期刮治术的临床效果,探讨该术式治疗下颌骨实性成釉细胞瘤的可行性。方法 筛选24例下颌骨单房或多房实性肿瘤患者,术中明确诊断为成釉细胞瘤后,进行一期开窗刮治。术后定期随访颌面部CT、全景片,适时行二期刮治。观察囊腔变化,分析治疗效果。结果 24例患者中,无肿瘤进展、范围增大病例,均未出现开窗口早闭、局部感染或骨髓炎症状。其中病情稳定6例,部分缓解10例,完全缓解8例,总有效率为75.0%。20例患者经二期刮治术,术后随访12~24个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论 开窗刮治治疗下颌骨实性成釉细胞瘤具有可行性,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

内窥镜辅助下精准微创刮治术治疗下颌骨大型牙源性角化囊肿效果观察

目的:观察下颌骨大型单房或多房牙源性角化囊肿在内窥镜辅助下行精准微创刮治术后的临床效果。方法:17例下颌骨大型单房或多房的牙源性角化囊肿患者，在内窥镜辅助下口内切口行微创刮治。术后定期随访，观察囊腔和颜面部变化，分析治疗效果。结果:17例患者术后随访14～36个月，无囊腔范围增大，无局部感染发生。其中完全恢复14例，稳定无进展3例，总有效率达100%。17例患者，均未行二期手术，未见囊肿复发。结论:内窥镜辅助下精准微创刮治术治疗下颌骨大型牙源性角化囊肿具有可行性和优越性。     

牙源性粘液瘤26例分析

目的：探讨牙源性粘液瘤的临床、X线、病理特征及治疗。方法：对26例经病理确诊的牙源性粘液瘤进行分析总结。结果：本组病例男11例,女15例;平均年龄25．9岁;在X线片上多表现为单房或多房的透光阴影;镜下可见大量蓝色粘液样组织及排列疏松的瘤细胞;4例刮治术后复发。结论：牙源性粘液瘤临床症状不典型,影像学表现复杂多样化,常需病理检查确诊。因其具有局部浸润性,手术切除不彻底易复发。     

127例药物性颌骨坏死患者回顾性分析：单中心10年经验总结

目的:总结分析药物性颌骨坏死(MRONJ)的临床特征,为其诊治提供参考。方法 :回顾2008年1月—2018年6月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的MRONJ患者共127例,按照2014年美国口腔颌面外科医师协会制定的有关MRONJ的诊断标准及分类方法,分析MRONJ发生的诱因,危险因素与好发部位,患者手术情况、效果及预后。结果:127例患者中,93例(73.23%)发生于下颌骨,30例(23.62%)发生于上颌骨,4例(3.15%)上、下颌骨同时发生。MRONJ诱因中,98例(77.17%)因颌骨局部创伤(拔牙、种植牙、牙自行脱落)导致。MRONJ分期中,0期6例(4.72%),1期13例(10.24%),2期80例(62.99%),3期28例(22.05%)。MRONJ治疗方法,0期及1期患者均接受局部切除(骨髓炎刮治、死骨摘除、颌骨部分切除);2期71例接受局部切除,8例行颌骨节段切除,1例行颌骨节段切除并同期游离皮瓣重建修复;3期17例接受局部切除,9例行颌骨节段切除,2例行颌骨节段切除并同期游离皮瓣修复。MRONJ预后,0期及1期各3例复发,2期24例复发,3期11例复...     

钙化上皮瘤及牙源性钙化上皮瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨钙化上皮瘤及牙源性钙化上皮瘤的临床表现、诊断及外科处理原则。方法：对13例钙化上皮瘤和4例牙源性钙化上皮瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：所有患者均经手术治疗。钙化上皮瘤患者平均年龄11．2岁,小于10岁者占69．2％（10例）;位于头颈部8例（61．5％）,四肢4例（30．8％）,躯干1例（7．7％）。牙源性钙化上皮瘤患者平均年龄38．75岁,均位于颌骨。两种肿瘤无明显性别差异,均有复发、恶变的报道。结论：钙化上皮瘤和牙源性钙化上皮瘤在临床表现和病理诊断上具有明显差别,是两种不同的肿瘤;牙源性钙化上皮瘤具有局部浸润性生长,手术切除必须彻底。     

Immediate reconstruction of a large mandibular defect of locally invasive benign lesions (a new method)

Locally invasive benign tumor and large lesions such as ameloblastoma, giant cell granuloma, odontogenic keratocyst, and odontogenic myxoma are a benign, invasive, lesions of the jaws that predominantly affects the mandible. Despite the benign nature of these lesions, there is a high rate of local recurrence after curettage, which usually requires resection. The traditional surgical approach for resection of these lesions, via either mandibulotomy or mandibulectomy is extraoral approach which is associated with significant functional and esthetic sequelae. A case series is presented here in which less invasive and intraoral approach. An intraoral approach provides wide and fast access to the mandible. This approach represents a less invasive alternative that provides access to the mandible for curative resection of benign tumors with minimal postoperative sequelae. At 5 years follow-up, there were minimal functional and esthetic defects.We explored the use of the less invasive and more esthetic incision as an approach to resection and reconstruction of the mandible. It is our belief that these concerns have been best addressed by the minimally invasive procedure used in this report. This approach resulted in a minimal esthetic and functional defect even though a massive mandibular resection was performed.     

Odontogenic myxoma: report of a case

The odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon tumor of the jaws. It occurs mainly on posterior mandible and affecting patients aged between second and third decade. This paper calls about an unusual case on a 57 years-old female patient. It appeared after extraction of lower bicuspid tooth. It was enucleated by curettage and has developed no recurrence up to this date.     

Odontogenic myxoma. Surgical management and an ultrastructural study.

Odontogenic myxoma is a tumor of primitive mesenchyme, probably derived from the dental apparatus. Surgical management of this benign but locally aggressive tumor is either by curettage or en bloc resection. Two cases of odontogenic myxoma of the mandible are reported. In one case, en bloc resection. Two cases of odontogenic myxoma of the mandible are reported. In one case, en block resection with immediate reconstruction was undertaken. In the second case, the neoplasm was thoroughly curetted. The first case was studied by electron microscopy. Six ultrastructural studies of seven odontogenic myxomas have been previously reported. The ultrastructural features of odontogenic epithelium that may be present in myxomas of the jaws have been examined by electron microscopy once before. Our observations are in agreement with those of other workers who suggest that the connective tissue cell is the proliferating component of the tumor and is very similar to a fibroblast but has enough ultrastructural and functional features to deserve the term myxoblast. The majority of the tumor cells are metabolically active and secretory and there is adequate evidence that the tumor matrix consists of large amounts of mucopolysaccharides. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that myxoblasts secrete the mucoid matrix that is so characteristic of odontogenic myxomas. Unlike normal or neoplastic fibroblasts, the myxoblasts are not engaged in abundant synthesis of banded collagen throughout the entire lesion.     

An expanded odontogenic myxoma in maxilla

Odontogenic myxomas are considered to be a benign odontogenic tumor with locally aggressive behavior, non-metastasizing neoplasm of the jaw bones. It derives from the dental mesenchyme or periodontal ligament. Despite the benign nature of these lesions, there is a high rate of local recurrence after curettage alone and in certain cases requires adequate resection. This paper describes a case of a large odontogenic myxoma in the maxilla, emphasizing a discussion on the differential diagnosis related to radiological findings and the surgical treatment.     

骨外型牙源性钙化上皮瘤

骨外型牙源性钙化上皮瘤极为罕见,通过复习1966～2011年英文MEDLINE与1994～2011年中文CHKD中收录的文献,仅有37例骨外型牙源性钙化上皮瘤的个案报告。根据上述资料分析,发现该瘤具有以下临床特点,就诊年龄3～71岁,平均35.8岁;男13例,女19例,男女比例为1∶1.46;肿块直径0.5～4 cm,平均1.76 cm;好发部位主要是牙龈,累及下颌与上颌牙龈的比例为1∶1;组织学特征表现与骨内型牙源性钙化上皮瘤基本相同;复发率为5.4%。因该瘤具有浅表骨侵蚀能力,应行完整的肿瘤切除结合骨面刮治术。     

Odontogenic myxoma: An updated analysis of 1,692 cases reported in the literature

The aim of the present study was to integrate the available data published on odontogenic myxoma (OM) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical/radiological features. Electronic search undertaken in January/2018, looking for publications reporting cases of OM. A total of 377 publications were included. We identified 1,692 lesions, and 695 were used for the analysis of recurrence. There is a predominance of OMs in females and in mandibles. OMs usually present with bone expansion, asymptomatic cortical perforation, and a multilocular appearance. Lesion location (maxilla/mandible), bone expansion, cortical bone perforation, locular radiological appearance, tooth resorption, odontogenic epithelial rests, or angular septa are not associated with recurrence. While curettage (31.3%) showed the highest recurrence rate, marginal resection (1.3%) and segmental resection (3.1%) showed the lowest values. Enucleation + peripheral osteotomy (6.7%) showed better results than enucleation (13.1%) or enucleation + curettage (12.7%). In comparison with unilocular lesions, multilocular ones were significantly more prevalent in mandibles, more often presented expansion and cortical bone perforation, had larger mean size, and were more often treated by segmental resection. Conservative surgical procedures are associated with higher probability of recurrence of OM. Taking into consideration the recurrence rate and morbidity associated with different surgical treatments, tumor enucleation followed by peripheral osteotomy should be considered as the first therapeutic choice.     

Glandular odontogenic cyst: treatment and recurrence.

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics, radiologic features, treatment modalities, and treatment outcome of glandular odontogenic cyst, and to suggest a treatment protocol based on these results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 56 cases, 49 from the literature and 7 new cases. Demographic data, locularity and radiographic extension, cortical plate integrity, treatment modalities, follow-up, and recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 34 male and 22 female patients aged 14 to 74 years (mean, 48 years). The mandible was involved in 41 cases (73.2%) and the maxilla in 15 (26.8%), predominantly in the anterior region; 53.6% of the lesions were unilocular and 46.4% multilocular. Large lesions were found in 78.5% of cases. Cortical integrity was compromised in 53.6% (cortical perforation in 39.3% and thinning or erosion of the cortical plate in 14.3%). Recurrence occurred at a rate of 29.2%, within 0.5 to 7 years (mean, 2.9 years). Mean follow-up was also 2.9 years. Two patients had 3 recurrences each. Recurrence was associated with minor surgery such as enucleation or curettage; none of the patients treated by peripheral ostectomy, marginal resection, or partial jaw resection had a recurrence. Compared with the patients without recurrence, the recurrence group had a higher frequency of multilocularity than the nonrecurrent group (64.3% vs 41.2%) and of compromised cortical integrity (71.4% vs 47.1%). CONCLUSION: Glandular odontogenic cyst is an aggressive lesion. Treatment by enucleation or curettage alone is associated with a high recurrence rate. Small unilocular lesions can be treated by enucleation. In large uni- or multilocular lesions, an initial biopsy is recommended. Surgical treatment of large lesions should include enucleation with peripheral ostectomy for unilocular cases and marginal resection or partial jaw resection in multilocular cases. Marsupialization followed by second phase surgery is an option for lesions approaching vital structures. Follow-up should continue for at least 3 years (up to 7 years in cases with features associated with increased risk).     

Odontogenic tumours in children and adolescents: a study of 78 Nigerian cases.

BACKGROUND: There is paucity of literature on odontogenic tumours in children and adolescents. Available records are difficult to compare due to differences in study criteria. To contribute to the records, a 20-year study of odontogenic tumours on the basis of the WHO classification (Kramer et al., 1992) in Nigerian African children and adolescents < or =18 years of age was undertaken. MATERIAL: A retrospective survey of oral/jaw tumours and allied lesions in children and adolescents < or =18 years of age seen at the Maxillofacial Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria between 1979 and 1998. Data collected were histopathologic type, age, clinical features, radiologic appearance, treatment and record of recurrence. METHOD: Odontogenic tumours selected using the WHO classification were used for further study. Data were collected from case notes, radiographs, histopathologic reports and follow-up records. Information retrieved was used to complete a questionnaire and subjected to analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-two (252) subjects < or =18 years were recorded, from which 78 (31%) had odontogenic tumours. Among seven types of odontogenic tumours seen, ameloblastoma (54%), odontogenic myxoma (19%) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (9%) were predominant. All patients seen were from 6 to 18 years with more than half (53%) between 15 and 18 years of age. A patient with multiple, bilateral odontomas of the maxilla and mandible resembling Herrmann's syndrome was recorded. Seventy-three patients were treated using enucleation (37%), dentoalveolar resection with preservation of lower border (15%) and segmental resection (48%). Five patients absconded after tumour diagnosis. No tumour recurrence was recorded in 65 treated cases followed-up for between 2 months and 10 years. CONCLUSION: This report shows that while ameloblastoma was the predominant odontogenic tumour, its frequency in Nigerian African children was lower than in the adult population. A case resembling Herrmann's syndrome is also presented.     

Reconstruction of a large mandibular defect utilizing temporary zygomatic-ramal fixation and bilateral Risdon incisions

Ameloblastoma is a benign, invasive, odontogenic tumor of the jaws that predominantly affects the mandible. Despite the benign nature of these lesions, there is a high rate of local recurrence after curettage, which usually requires resection. The traditional surgical approach for resection of ameloblastomas, via either mandibulotomy or mandibulectomy, has been through lower lip-splitting incisions, which are associated with significant functional and esthetic sequelae. A case is presented here in which less invasive Risdon and intraoral degloving incisions were used in combination with temporary zygomatic-ramal fixation to maintain occlusion after resection of a large mandibular ameloblastoma. The bilateral Risdon approach provided wide access to the mandible, allowing an angle-to-angle resection to be performed. This approach also provided adequate exposure for an osteocutaneous fibula free flap reconstruction to be performed, with 100% flap survival. At 1 year of follow-up, there were minimal functional and esthetic defects. This approach represents a less invasive alternative that provides access to the mandible for curative resection of benign tumors with minimal postoperative sequelae.     

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: evaluation of reported cases.

PURPOSE: We present the cases of 4 patients with clear cell odontogenic carcinoma and a contrasting case of a patient with a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor from Massachusetts General Hospital. Differential diagnosis, distinguishing characteristics, and data from 32 cases in the literature are also reported. Because this rare tumor behaves aggressively with both regional and distant spread, a better understanding of its biologic behavior is imperative. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 4 patients with clear cell odontogenic carcinoma were women and had an average age of 65 years (range, 40 to 77 years). Three tumors were in the posterior mandible and 1 was in the maxilla. Three patients complained of pain; bony expansion and tooth mobility were noted in isolated cases. A comparison is made with other reported cases, and factors associated with recurrence and survival are presented. RESULTS: All patients were treated with resection, and 1 patient received postoperative radiotherapy. Two patients with positive surgical margins underwent further resection. All patients have been followed an average of 2 years (range, 0.5 to 4 years) and presently have no evident disease. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of this unusual tumor and differentiating it from other clear cell neoplasms is critical in developing an appropriate treatment plan. Management should include wide en bloc resection and long-term follow-up.