氧化锌纳米颗粒抗菌活性在医学中的应用及研究进展

氧化锌纳米颗粒(Zinc oxide nanoparticles,Zn O-NPS)是一种多功能性的新型无机材料,其颗粒大小约在1~100 nm。由于晶粒的细微化,其表面电子结构和晶体结构发生变化,具有高透明度、高分散性等特点。近年来随着对Zn O-NPS抗菌作用的深入研究,其在医学领域的应用逐渐增加,该文针对Zn O-NPS的抗菌作用在医学中的应用作一综述与展望。     

钛表面载锌微纳米拓扑结构修饰对成骨细胞行为的影响及其抗菌性能初探

目的制备载锌微纳米拓扑结构修饰的钛表面并探究其对成骨细胞行为的影响及其抗菌性能。方法通过氢氟酸酸蚀、碱热处理、硫酸锌水浴热处理,在纯钛表面制备两种载锌微纳米拓扑结构(15、60 min处理组)。以大颗粒喷砂酸蚀处理(SLA)钛表面为对照组、两种载锌微纳米拓扑结构修饰的钛表面为实验组,观察分析不同钛表面的微形貌和表面元素组成;将MC3T3-E1成骨细胞接种于各组试件表面,研究不同钛表面对成骨细胞行为的影响;将金黄色葡萄球菌接种于各组试件表面,研究不同钛表面的抗菌性能。结果在纯钛表面制备形成两种形貌均一的微纳米网络拓扑结构,均含有微量锌元素。较之SLA钛表面,两种载锌微纳米拓扑结构修饰的钛表面能明显上调MC3T3-E1成骨细胞的粘附铺展、增殖和成骨相关蛋白表达,并具有显著的抗菌性能,15 min处理组性能更优。结论载锌微纳米拓扑结构修饰的钛表面能有效促进成骨细胞的粘附、增殖和分化,且具有良好的抗菌性能。     

添加表面改性纳米氧化锌对颌面赝复硅橡胶机械性能影响的研究

目的:研究添加不同质量比的表面改性纳米氧化锌(ZnO)对颌面赝复硅橡胶A-2186机械性能的影响。方法:将经过表面改性的纳米ZnO分别按0.0wt%、0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、2.0wt%、2.5wt%和3.0wt%加入A-2186硅橡胶中,依据ASTM相关标准制作试件并测定7组硅橡胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、撕裂强度及邵氏A硬度,扫描电镜观察试样断面情况,结果进行统计学分析。结果:表面改性纳米ZnO添加量在2.0wt%,2.5wt%,3.0wt%质量比的硅橡胶机械性能均与对照组具有统计学意义;在0.5wt%,1.0wt%,1.5wt%添加量时硅橡胶机械性能与对照组无统计学差异。随表面改性纳米ZnO添加量的增加,A-2186硅橡胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、撕裂强度呈现先增加,后降低的趋势,邵氏A硬度逐渐增大。当纳米ZnO添加量达到胶料的2.0wt%时,扫描电镜观察纳米ZnO分散良好,未发生团聚,此时A-2186硅橡胶的机械性能综合评价为最优:邵氏A硬度为31.00±0.61(U),扯断伸长率为611.00±7.42(%),拉伸强度为6.52±0.45(MPa),撕裂强度为16.11±0.42(KN/m)。结论:表面有机改性纳米ZnO添加量<1.5%时对颌面赝复硅橡胶机械性能无影响,添加量为1.5wt%～3.0wt%时对颌面赝复硅橡胶机械性能均有改善,当添加量为2.0wt%时,对A-2186硅橡胶机械性能的改善为最优。     

钛种植体表面银纳米颗粒负载方法的进展

钛种植体是口腔种植修复的常用种植体,但它本身无抗菌活性,临床若发生细菌感染,可能会引起种植体周围炎,导致种植治疗失败.银纳米颗粒(Ag NP)作为一种抗菌谱广、低耐药性的抗菌剂,常用以构建钛种植体上抗菌表面涂层,从而增强钛种植体的抗菌性.近10年来,研究人员关于钛基表面稳定负载Ag NP方面进行了大量研究,通过调整掺银...     

纳米颗粒钛膜的构建及其表面形貌特征研究

目的构建4级纳米颗粒钛膜实验模型,并评价其表面微观形貌特征。方法采用直流磁控溅射法通过温度控制制备不同大小的纳米颗粒钛膜,采用X射线衍射测试其表面晶粒大小,采用原子力显微镜观察4个温度组（常温、100、250、380 ℃）Si、Ti基底及未镀膜对照组的表面微观形貌,统计并比较各组颗粒大小,测定各组表面粗糙度大小。结果各组样品表面均形成由密集的圆形或卵圆形颗粒组成的致密薄膜,随温度升高,颗粒大小和晶粒大小均逐渐增大。相对于平整的Si基底,Ti基底的本底形貌对表面膜有较大影响,形成一种复合结构,使Ti基底组的表面粗糙度呈现出随颗粒增大而降低的现象。结论本实验在直流磁控溅射中通过对温度控制而形成不同大小的纳米颗粒钛膜,这种在Ti基底上所形成的复合结构能进一步增大其比表面积。     

不同管径二氧化钛纳米管的抗菌性能研究

目的:探讨不同管径二氧化钛纳米管的抗菌性能。方法:通过电化学阳极氧化法,在10、30和60 V三组电压下,于纯钛表面制备了3组二氧化钛纳米管NT10、NT30和NT60。扫描电镜观察试样的表面形貌,X射线衍射仪检测其晶体结构,接触角测试仪测量其接触角,原子力显微镜观察试样的表面形貌并比较表面粗糙度。将金黄色葡萄球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌接种到不同材料表面,扫描电镜观察菌落形态,活细菌平板计数活菌数。结果:3组二氧化钛纳米管的管径分别约为30 nm(NT10)、100 nm(NT30)和200 nm(NT60),X射线衍射结果显示3种二氧纳米管均出现了锐钛矿的衍射峰,接触角检测结果显示3种二氧化钛纳米管的接触角随着管径的增加而减小,原子力显微镜检测结果显示3组纳米管的粗糙度值均明显变小(其中NT30展示出最小的粗糙度值)。3种不同管径纳米管的表面活细菌数均明显减少,其中表面粘附金黄色葡萄球菌最少的是NT60,表面粘附牙龈卟啉单胞菌最少的是NT30。结论:纯钛表面纳米化制备二氧化钛纳米管后均不同程度地抑制了细菌的粘附。     

纤维表面沉积二氧化硅薄膜对纤维树脂复合物性能的影响

目的 探究纤维表面原子层沉积二氧化硅薄膜对牙科纤维树脂复合物性能的影响。方法 利用原子层沉积技术(atomic layer deposition, ALD)在石英纤维表面沉积二氧化硅薄膜,制作纤维树脂复合物,分为A(未去除浸润剂)、B(去除浸润剂)、C(去除浸润剂+硅烷化)、D(去除浸润剂+ALD 600循环+硅烷化)4组,通过扫描电子显微镜、水接触角实验、吸湿性测试、CCK8实验、三点弯曲实验等检测纤维树脂复合物相关性能。结果 原子层沉积二氧化硅薄膜后,石英纤维表面形态光滑,较处理前无明显改变;经ALD处理的石英纤维在硅烷化后呈疏水性。三点弯曲实验结果表明,经ALD改性的纤维树脂复合物力学性能显著提高(P<0.05)。电镜图像显示D组石英纤维与树脂基质之间具有良好的界面结合;此外,D组纤维树脂复合物表现出低吸附性、低溶解性与良好的生物相容性。结论 原子层沉积技术在石英纤维表面沉积二氧化硅薄膜可显著提高牙科纤维增强树脂复合物的力学性能。     

载银抗菌纯钛表面的制备及其抗菌性能的检测

目的 对纯钛表面进行抗菌改性,以降低纯钛种植体周围炎的发生率,从而提高种植术的成功率。方法 采用水相硅烷化方法,将3-（氨基丙基）三乙氧基硅烷（APS）组装在湿化学法处理的钛表面上,并将纳米银被覆在该表面上,采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线能谱（EDX）对该改性表面理化性能进行分析,观察其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。结果 扫描电镜观察可见,改性后的钛表面有不规则纳米银颗粒散在的附着在其表面上,XPS分析显示银的含量为6.8%。经过24 h需氧培养,纳米银改性钛片对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到94.23%,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达95.34%。结论 经过纳米银改性后的钛片具有抗菌性能。     

Fabrication of Sn–Se compounds on a gold electrode by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy

The fabrication of Sn–Se compounds, at room temperature by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE) is reported. EC-ALE involves the use of surface limited reactions to form atomic layers of the elements making up a compound (Sn and Se) in a cycle. Cyclic voltammograms were used to determine approximate deposition potentials for each element. The amperometric I–t method and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry were used to deposit and study the processes involved in a continuous cycling deposition which were used to form thin films of the compound. Through the analysis of the I–t transients and the stripping voltammograms it is possible to establish the formation of Sn–Se compounds. Taking into account the charges involved in the I–t deposition process, a general reaction scheme that considers the formation of SnSe₂, SnSe_2 ? x and SnSe compounds is proposed.     

Abrasion resistance of titanium nitride coatings formed on titanium by ion-beam-assisted deposition

To improve the physical properties of the pure titanium surface, thin titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited by means of ion-beam-assisted deposition. Film structure was confirmed as TiN by X-ray diffraction analysis. Surface hardness and abrasion resistance were significantly improved on TiN-coated specimens. Five combinations of oral hygiene instruments and materials were applied to the specimens as simulations of the oral environment. Treatment with the metal scaler and ultrasonic scaler severely changed the surface features and significantly increased the surface roughness parameters on pure titanium controls, whereas only small scratches and dull undulations were seen on the TiN-coated specimens. Profilometric tracings and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the improved abrasion resistance of the TiN-coated specimens.     

液相沉积过程中反应液pH值对钛瓷结合强度的影响

目的:研究以不同pH值反应液行纯钛表面液相沉积处理后对钛瓷结合强度的影响.方法:36个纯钛试件随机分为3个实验组和1个对照组(n=9),经喷砂处理后3个实验组分别置于pH值为8、9、10的反应液中进行液相沉积处理.然后分别用扫描电镜观测试件的表面形貌;接触角测量仪测量钛-蒸馏水表面接触角;最后参照IS09693 (1999) Amd.1 2005 (E)标准在各组试件的中部烧结瓷层用万能试验机测各组试件的钛瓷结合强度;扫描电镜观察钛瓷结合界面形貌.结果:各实验组钛瓷结合强度均明显高于对照组(P ＜0.05);pH 9组钛瓷结合强度分别高于pH 8组和pH 10组(P＜0.05).结论:用液相沉积法在纯钛表面制备中间层可明显提高钛瓷结合强度,当反应液pH值为9时钛瓷结合强度最高.     

Formation of Bi2S3 thin films on Au(111) by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy: kinetics of structural changes in the initial monolayers

The kinetics and growth mechanism of the first and second monolayers of Bi₂S₃ by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) has been studied using voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry experiments reveal that the peak current in the stripping of the S layer from a Bi modified Au(111) electrode is a linear function of a 2/3 power of the scan rate, ν^2/3. Similar behavior is observed for the deposition of Bi on to one atomic layer of an S modified Au(111) electrode. The dissolution of the Bi atomic layer from the S modified Au(111) electrode involves an initial Langmuir-type adsorption–desorption accompanied by a nucleation and two-dimensional (2-D) growth process. When Bi atomic layers are used as a first layer, the nucleation and 2-D growth process was observed for both deposition and stripping. Analysis of the reduced variables demonstrates that the stripping of S from Au(111)Bi and stripping of Bi from Au(111)S fit the progressive model. Our results suggest that the nucleation and 2-D growth mechanism is the dominant process in the formation of Bi₂S₃ atomic layers if Bi is used as the first layer in the ECALE method.     

Formation of ZnSe on Ag(111) by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy

ZnSe is an ideal candidate for optoelectronic devices. However, modern technology is quite demanding as to the quality of materials employed. The electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) method ensures good atomic-level control of thin film formation, as it is based on the alternated deposition of atomic layers of the elements making up the compound. The electrochemical conditions necessary to form ZnSe deposits of up to 35 Zn layers and 35 Se layers on Ag(111) by ECALE are described here. The 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of Zn to Se suggests that ZnSe is formed. A miniaturized electrochemical cell is also described.     

The thickness effects of titanium castings on the surface reaction layer

In this study, wedge-shaped CP titanium castings and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy castings were produced by three types of investment. The effects of the castings' thickness on surface reaction layer were investigated by measuring Vickers hardness, observing the microstructure, and analyzing the oxygen concentration. It was found that the thickness of the surface reaction layer was affected by the thickness of the wedge-shaped castings, and that the hardness value near the surface became lower toward the tip of the wedge-shaped CP titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy castings. The surface reaction layer of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy castings was thinner than that of the CP titanium castings.     

根管冲洗剂QMix冲洗性能的研究进展

根管预备时,采用单纯机械预备方法无法完全去除根管内感染,化学冲洗是消除根管内感染不可或缺的步骤。理想的根管冲洗剂应具备彻底清除玷污层、润滑根管、有效杀菌、对组织无毒性且不损伤牙齿结构的特点。现有的根管冲洗剂尚不能同时满足上述所有要求。QMix是由乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）、氯己定（CHX）和表面活性剂混合组成的根管冲洗剂。QMix能够有效去除玷污层,杀菌性强且有持续的抗菌作用,细胞毒性小且生物相容性好,对牙本质的着色浅,对牙本质微硬度的影响小。此外,QMix还可以提高根管封闭剂的润湿性且不影响其粘接性能。本文比较QMix与其他常用的根管冲洗剂（如次氯酸钠、CHX、EDTA、SmearClear、MTAD等）在去除玷污层、对牙本质作用、对根管封闭剂的影响、细胞毒性、抗菌作用等方面的作用特点,将目前对QMix的研究成果作一综述。     

不同包埋材料对铸造纯钛铸件表面硬化层的影响

目的 研究两种不同包埋材料对铸件表面硬化层的影响.方法 用铸造蜡片制作尺寸为20 mm×20 mm×1.5 mm的片状试件共6片,分为2组,实验组采用新型铸钛包埋材料包埋,对照组采用Rematitan:Plus专用铸钛包埋料包埋铸造.铸件处理后用显微硬度仪测试表面硬度,负重200 g持续5 s,测量维氏显微硬度值,比较...