乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝及内乳前哨淋巴结活检研究

背景与目的：临床新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)后腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转阴的患者腋窝前哨淋巴结活检(axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy, ASLNB)能否替代腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)尚存在争议,且此前研究只评估ALN病理状况而未评估内乳淋巴结(internal mammary lymph node,IMLN)状况。本研究旨在评估NAC后乳腺癌患者接受ASLNB和内乳前哨淋巴结活检(internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy,IM-SLNB)的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月—2014年12月山东省肿瘤医院乳腺病中心原发性乳腺癌(cT_1-4N_0-3M₀)60例患者的临床资料,将患者分为3组：A组初始cN₀且NAC后为ycN₀,B组初始cN+且NAC后为ycN₀,C组NAC后为ycN₊。术前接受核素注射。术中A组和B组联合亚甲蓝行ASLNB。A组仅对腋窝前哨淋巴结(axillary sentinel lymph node,ASLN)阳性者行ALND;B组行ASLNB后转行ALND;C组直接行ALND。术前淋巴显像和(或)γ探测仪发现内乳前哨淋巴结(internal mammary sentinel lymph node,IM-SLN)的患者行IM-SLNB。结果：A组、B组和C组分别收集6例、45例和9例。A组ASLNB成功率为100%(6/6),仅1例ASLN阳性转行ALND。B组ASLNB成功率为100%(45/45),假阴性率为17.9%(5/28)。其中检出1枚、2枚和＞2枚ASLN的假阴性率分别为27.3%(3/11)、20.0%(2/10)和0%(0/7)。C组所有患者ALN均有转移。IM-SLN总体显像率为63.3%(38/60)。IM-SLNB的总体成功率为97.4%(37/38),转移率为8.1%(3/37),并发症发生率为5.3%(2/38)。结论：对初始cN₀且NAC后为ycN₀者ASLN阴性时ASLNB可替代ALND;对初始cN₊且NAC后为ycN₀者,联合双示踪剂且检出＞2枚ASLN可满足临床可接受的假阴性率(<10%);对NAC后仍为ycN₊者应行ALND。NAC后IM-SLN显像者应行IM-SLNB,以获得完整分期、评估预后并指导术后放疗,有望完善病理完全缓解(pathological complete response,pCR)定义。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的研究

[目的]研究乳腺癌新辅助化疗后行前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)的准确性、可行性.[方法]比较接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌和未接受新辅助化疗乳腺癌SLNB的成功率、灵敏度、假阴性率、准确性,以及SLNB、腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)淋巴结检出枚数,同时对影响SLNB的因素进行讨论.[结果] 26例新辅助化疗后乳腺癌SLNB的成功率、灵敏度、假阴性率、准确性分别为92.3％、90.9％、9.1％和95.8％,SLNB和ALND平均检出淋巴结分别为1.5、13.5枚,对比非新辅助化疗病例,均无明显统计学差异.肿瘤的位置、多灶性、前哨淋巴结的数量等可能是影响乳腺癌新辅助化疗后SLNB的因素.[结论]乳腺癌新辅助化疗后SLNB基本上是安全可行的.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的探讨新辅助化疗后乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的可行性。方法对57例行^99Tc联合亚甲蓝示踪前哨淋巴结活检术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术乳腺癌患者的资料进行分析,其中31例ⅡB、Ⅲ期患者先行2～3个疗程新辅助化疗后再行前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫术,另26例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者直接行前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫术。结果新辅助化疗组和非新辅助化疗组平均腋窝淋巴结数、前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）数、SLN检出率、SLN假阴性率均无显著差异（P均〉0．05）。新辅助化疗纽化疗前临床分期在N2以上者,SLN检出率均显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检能准确预测腋窝淋巴结的状况。化疗前的N分期是SLNB检出率的影响因素。     

乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检核素示踪技术优化研究

背景与目的：山东省肿瘤防治研究院（山东省肿瘤医院）乳腺病中心前期研发新型核素示踪技术,显著提高了内乳前哨淋巴结（internal mammary sentinel lymph node,IMSLN）显像率,但该技术获得的IMSLN显像率相较于腋窝前哨淋巴结（axillary sentinel lymph node,ASLN）仍然存在一定差距。本研究旨在通过优化新型核素示踪技术,进一步提高IMSLN显像率,推动内乳前哨淋巴结活检（internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy,IM-SLNB）广泛应用。方法：前瞻性入组159例原发性乳腺癌患者,分为优化核素示踪技术组（n=81,A组）和新型核素示踪技术组（n=78,B组）。A组在超声引导下将99mTc-硫胶体平均注射在腺体最丰富的3个区域腺体实质内（总放射强度1.0～1.3mCi;0.8～1.0mL/点）。B组在超声引导下将99mTc-硫胶体平均注射在乳腺6点和12点腺体实质内（总放射强度1.0～1.3mCi;0.8～1.0mL/点）。术前进行单光子发射计算机断层扫描（single photon e...     

临床腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者内乳区前哨淋巴结活检术研究*

目的：评估临床腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者行内乳区前哨淋巴结活检术（IM-SLNB）的临床意义。方法：2013年6 月至2014年10月对山东省肿瘤医院乳腺病中心就诊的64例临床腋窝淋巴结阳性的原发性乳腺癌患者行前瞻性单臂入组研究,采取腋窝淋巴结清扫术,同时均应用新的核素注射技术进行IM-SLNB。结果：64例患者中内乳区前哨淋巴结（IM-SLN）显像为38例,显像率为59.4%（38/ 64）。 38例IM-SLN 显像患者中IM-SLNB 成功率为100%（38/ 38）,并发症发生率为7.9%（3/ 38）,IM-SLN 转移率为21.1%（8/ 38）。 肿瘤位于内上象限和腋窝淋巴结转移数目较多的患者,其IM-SLN 转移率较高（P < 0.001 和P = 0.017）。 患者临床获益率为59.4%（38/ 64）,其中12.5%（8/ 64）另接受了内乳区放疗、46.9%（30/ 64）避免了不必要的内乳区放疗。结论：临床腋窝淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌应进行IM-SLNB,尤其对于肿瘤位于内上象限及怀疑存在较多腋窝淋巴结转移数目的患者,以获得内乳区淋巴结的转移状态,指导乳腺癌患者内乳区放疗。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检有效性及安全性研究进展

摘 要：新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的有效性及安全性在临床淋巴结阴性乳腺癌中已逐步得到认可。随着越来越多淋巴结阳性乳腺癌以新辅助化疗作为初始治疗,并得到较高的腋窝淋巴结缓解率,探索淋巴结阳性乳腺癌经新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检替代腋窝淋巴结清扫的有效性及安全性具有重要意义,但既往研究提示有较高的前哨淋巴结活检假阴性率（7.5%～24.5%）,限制了其在临床中的应用。研究也发现,对于cN1使用双示踪法检出≥3枚前哨淋巴结、分子分型为Her?鄄2过表达型或三阴性乳腺癌及切除新辅助化疗前活检证实转移的淋巴结均可明显降低假阴性率,这对于进一步探索前哨淋巴结活检在新辅助化疗后的应用具有重要的临床意义。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究

前哨淋巴结（SLN）的概念和前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的应用是在1977年被提出的，但由于当时淋巴结检测设备和技术尚不先进，使SLN的研究未能得到足够的重视。乳腺癌SLNB是在20世纪90年代兴起的，现已成为乳腺癌外科领域的研究热点，有望在早期乳腺癌治疗中取代常规的腋窝淋巴结解剖（ALND），降低上肢淋巴水肿 功能障碍的发生率。我国该项目研究起步较晚，目前已逐渐成为人们关注的热点。该项目还将继续进行多中心、大样本、前瞻性研究，最终达成共识，将给乳腺癌病人带来福音。     

新辅助化疗乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检时机的选择问题

腋窝淋巴结转移是最重要的乳腺癌预后指标之一。近年,前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)已经在临床中广泛应用,具有较高的准确性,取代了传统的腋窝淋巴结切除术。新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)主要应用于局部晚期乳腺癌患者的术前治疗。随着SLNB适应证的不断扩大,该方法是否适用于NAC的乳腺癌患者目前尚无定论。其次,对于NAC的乳腺癌患者SL-NB的最佳时机目前还有争议。部分研究表明应在接受NAC前行SLNB,对于淋巴结阳性的患者应在NAC后行二次SLNB。该文围绕NAC前后行SLNB的可行性以及SLNB的时机选择情况进行综述。     

乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术的研究进展

乳腺癌内乳淋巴结作为仅次于腋窝淋巴结的重要淋巴转移途径之一,其转移情况在乳腺癌的准确分期及个体化治疗中具有重要意义.内乳前哨淋巴结活检术可以通过微创的方式评估内乳淋巴结的转移情况,本文就乳腺癌内乳前哨淋巴结活检术的研究进展进行综述.     

乳腺癌内乳区淋巴结转移研究进展

 内乳区淋巴结的转移状况是乳腺癌的独立预后指标,也是乳腺癌分期的重要依据之一。内乳区淋巴结转移的患者预后较差。内乳区淋巴结的总体转移率为18 %～33 %,仅有内乳区淋巴结转移而无腋窝淋巴结转移的发生率为2 %～11 %,其转移受腋窝淋巴结状况、患者年龄、原发肿瘤的位置和特点等多因素影响。随着前哨淋巴结活检技术的不断发展,内乳区前哨淋巴结活检术可能以最小的风险评估内乳区淋巴结状况,并进一步完善乳腺癌的淋巴结分期,有助于为患者制定更为准确的个体化治疗方案。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate method for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the feasibility of SLNB in breast cancer patients who had received preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. METHODS: Patients with advanced breast cancer stage II or III who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and biopsy was attempted and performed, and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in the same surgical procedure after SLNB. The histopathologic examination of the SLNs and the dissected axillary lymph nodes was performed and nodal status was compared. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. After peritumoural injection of technetium-99m labelled human albumin and subareolar subcutaneous injection of blue dye, the SLNs could be identified in 26/30 patients (identification rate 86.7%). In 4/30 patients (13.3%) SLNs could not be identified. In 25/26 patients (96.2%) SLNs accurately predicted the axillary status. Eleven patients had negative SLNs and negative nodes in ALND. Six patients had positive SLNs and positive nodes in ALND. In eight patients SLNs only were positive and nodes in ALND were negative. One patient had a false-negative SLNB, calculating a false-negative rate of 6.7% (1/15). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB is a well introduced technique for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to patients with primary surgery. SLNB could be an alternative to ALND in a subgroup of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore could reduce morbidity due to surgery in those patients. Due to small numbers of patients, further evaluation in this subset of patients is required.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible for breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing use of both sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with operable breast cancer, information on the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel node biopsy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still quite limited. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer patients after NAC. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with Stage II and III breast cancers, previously treated by NAC, were enrolled in the study. All patients were clinically node-negative after NAC. The patients underwent SLN biopsy, which involved a combination of an intradermal injection of radiocolloid and a subareolar injection of blue dye over the tumor. This was followed by completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). RESULTS: SLN could be identified in 97 of 104 patients (identification rate, 93.3%). In 93 of the 97 patients (95.9%), the SLN accurately predicted the axillary status. Four patients' SLN biopsies were false negative, resulting in a false-negative rate of 10.0%. The SLN identification rate tended to be lower among patients with T4 primary tumors prior to NAC (62.5%). CONCLUSION: The SLN identification and false-negative rates were similar to rates in non-neoadjuvant studies. The SLN accurately predicted metastatic disease in the axilla of patients with tumor response following NAC.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: We surveyed single-center and multi-center studies pertaining to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to compare the results with those of our current study to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: From October 2001 to July 2003, 80 patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent curative surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after SLNB at the Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center. A MEDLINE search was performed using the keywords breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Our results showed that 42 (52.6%) of 80 patients had downstaging of the primary tumor; 9 patients (11.3%) had pathologic complete response (pCR) and 33 (41.3%) had pathologic partial response (pPR). 26 patients (32.5%) showed complete axillary clearance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among them, 5 patients (6.3%) revealed pCR of both the primary tumor and axillary metastasis. SLNB was successful in 61 of 80 patients (76.3%) and there were 3 false negatives, yielding a false negative rate (FNR) of 7.3% (3/41), a negation prediction value (NPV) of 87.0%(20/23), and an accuracy of 95.1% (58/61). Thirteen out of 16 studies retrieved by to MEDLINE pertaining SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy concluded its feasibility and accuracy with a identification rate of 82%-100% and a FNR of 17-100%. CONCLUSION: Most studies, including ours, concluded that SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is accurate and could be an alternative to ALND.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展

前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）是本世纪继早期乳腺癌保乳治疗后第二个最重要的进展,前哨淋巴结活检是种多学科结合的新方法,比腋窝淋巴结清扫更能准确的进行腋窝分期,乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检很快运用到临床实践。适当选择病人,由有经验的多学科团队进行前哨淋巴结活检,其精确度超过95％,前哨淋巴结活检广泛应用在可触及的和不可触及的T1和T2的肿瘤病人。最近研究表明,前哨淋巴结活检技术可应用在多中心多病灶的和新辅助化疗后和局部晚期乳腺癌病人。前哨淋巴结活检的重要因素包括注射技术,病例选择,病理分析和活检精确度等,为此简要综述如下。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND:

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a widely used staging method for patients with early breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy modifies the anatomical conditions in the breast and axilla, and thus SLNB remains controversial in patients treated preoperatively. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of this procedure in this particular group of patients.

METHODS:

The retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer between the years 2005 and 2009. Of the patients treated by neoadjuvant therapy, 343 underwent lymphatic mapping to identify sentinel lymph nodes, and these were included in the analysis.

RESULTS:

The overall detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes was 80.8%. It was strongly influenced by clinical lymph node status (significantly higher success rate in lymph node‐negative patients); higher detection rates were also associated with age <50 years, estrogen receptor positivity, lower proliferation index, and absent lymphovascular space invasion. The false‐negative rate was 19.5% and was only marginally significantly dependent on lymphovascular space invasion. The overall accuracy of the method was 91.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:

By using the present technique, sentinel lymph node biopsy cannot be recommended as a reliable predictor of axillary lymph node status when performed at the authors' institution after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Infrequent use of blue dye for lymphatic mapping, low number of resected sentinel lymph nodes, and absence of any selection among patients included in the study could be the main factors responsible for the low detection rate and high false‐negative rate. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast

BACKGROUND:

The timing and accuracy of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients who are receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer are controversial. To examine the accuracy of SLNB after NACT, the authors performed SLNB after chemotherapy on all of patients who received NACT at their institution starting in January 1997.

METHODS:

Seventy‐nine women who underwent NACT between 1997 and 2008 comprised this study and were divided as follows: 4 women had stage I disease, 60 women had stage II disease, and 15 women had stage III disease, including 10 women who had multicentric disease. Thirty‐nine women (49.4%) had clinical evidence of axillary metastasis (N1‐N2) at the time of diagnosis. The regimen, the duration of treatment, and the number of cycles of NACT depended on clinical response. The choice of breast conservation therapy or mastectomy was based on the patient's response to treatment and patient preference. All patients underwent SLNB after NACT.

RESULTS:

Seventy‐three patients underwent breast conservation therapy, and 6 patients underwent mastectomy. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 98.7% of patients (in 1 patient, SLNB failed to capture 1 proven axillary metastasis), and 29 patients underwent full axillary lymph node dissection. Fourteen patients (17.7%) had no residual carcinoma (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) in their breast, 5 patients (6.3%) had residual ductal carcinoma in situ (only), and 60 patients (75.9%) had residual invasive carcinoma. One false‐negative SLNB was reported in the group of 23 patients who underwent full axillary dissection after a negative SLNB. No patient had a subsequent axillary recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS:

SLNB after NACT was feasible in virtually all patients and accurately selected patients who required complete level I and II axillary dissection. NACT frequently downstaged the axilla, converting patients with N1‐N2 lymph node status to N0 status and also avoiding full axillary dissection in these patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.