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学龄前儿童视觉发育影响因素分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
张桂英 《中国儿童保健杂志》2005,13(2):174-176
【目的】探讨学龄前儿童视觉发育规律及其影响因素,为儿童保健服务提供依据。【方法】对南京市城区14所幼儿园2159名4~7岁儿童进行视力检查及问卷调查,将单眼或双眼视力低于1.0者,进行散瞳验光,并排除眼底器质性病变。【结果】视力正常达标率与年龄密切相关;弱视患病率为2.86%,其中远视性屈光不正性弱视占首位;视力低常与遗传、出生时窒息及营养有关联。【结论】学龄前儿童视力正常率随年龄增长而上升;屈光不正和弱视是儿童时期影响正常视觉发育的主要因素;在学龄前采取综合措施,及时矫治屈光不正,有利于儿童视觉的良好发育。 相似文献
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目的 调查苏州市学龄前儿童视力发育现状,并分析其影响因素,为临床早期预防及治疗视力发育异常提供依据。方法 选择2019—2021年苏州市中西医结合医院185例健康体检接受视力检查的学龄前儿童为研究对象,通过伟伦SPOT双目视力筛选仪检查其视力情况,并采用自制的调查问卷调查其一般资料,采用单因素检验和多因素logistic回归法分析学龄前儿童视力发育情况及异常的影响因素。结果 185例学龄前儿童中,视力发育异常19例(10.27%),其中斜视2例(10.53%)、弱视3例(15.79%)、远视4例(21.05%)、散光10例(52.63%)。视力发育异常者中看电视距离<3 m、每日户外活动时间<2 h、每日累计看手机/电视以及电脑时间≥2 h、孕周为早产例数占比高于视力发育正常组(均P<0.05),视力发育异常者中经常喝鲜牛奶与吃鱼例数占比低于视力发育正常组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,看电视距离<3 m、每日累计看手机/电视以及电脑时间≥2 h、每日户外活动时间<2 h以及未经常喝鲜牛奶与吃鱼为2019—2021年苏州市学... 相似文献
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目的 探讨学龄前儿童引发龋病的相关因素。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法对本市 3840名 7岁以下儿童进行口腔检查并对其父母问卷调查 ,用SPSS软件进行非条件logistic回归分析。 结果 年龄、饮食习惯、日刷牙次数、家族史、口腔清洁度的OR值分别为 1.6 34 8、1.35 17、1.30 44、0 .6 734和 8.4878,(P <0 .0 5 ) ,差异有显著性。结论 学龄前儿童的饮食习惯、卫生、习惯与龋病的发病有关。 相似文献
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目的及早了解社区学龄前儿童的视力低常状况,以便采取积极有效措施,及时诊治。方法对学龄前儿童采用国标标准视力表进行裸眼远视力检查。结果双眼视力≥1.0者仅有592名,约占总检查人数的34.52%。视力低常检出率呈逐步上升趋势。结论对学龄前儿童定期进行视力检查,避免发生永久性视觉障碍。早期发现儿童视力缺陷,年龄越小,治愈率就越高。因此,儿童进行视力保健是必要的。 相似文献
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近年来,我国儿童青少年的近视问题呈现普遍化、低龄化、重度化趋势,近视发生前的远视储备受到越来越多的关注。远视储备过早消耗是近视快速和过早发生的预测因素,儿童远视储备消耗受很多因素影响,如妊娠并发症、孕期营养、早产、母乳喂养、生长速度、户外活动、视近作业和睡眠等。本文通过对儿童远视储备的生理变化及其影响因素进行综述,旨在为儿童青少年近视防控抓早抓小提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为了解我区学龄前儿童的视力状况及影响因素,针对各种影响因素制定干预措施,笔者在2000年的儿童健康查体中着重进行了视力情况的调查,并对影响视力的各种因素进行分析,结果如下。1 对象与方法1.1 对象 莱钢铁集团有限公司所有幼儿园3岁以上儿童,共2123人,其中视力异常420人,发病率为19.78%。1.2 方法 由经过专业培训的医生检查,同时选相同条件(同一幼儿园、同班、同年龄、同性别)420名儿童为对照组,将可能造成视力影响因素绘制成表,由家长填写,1d后收回。 相似文献
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目的 分析3~5岁学龄前儿童视力情况及其影响因素。方法 以2017年在山东省东阿县3家公立医院进行入托体检的3~5岁学龄前儿童及其家长为研究对象,对儿童家长发放调查问卷,问卷内容包括儿童和家长基本情况、用眼行为情况,通过体检结果获得儿童视力相关数据。采用描述流行病学分析方法进行描述,采用单、多因素分析方法对学龄前儿童视力异常发生影响因素进行分析。结果 共收集山东省东阿县2017年入托的18 169名3~5岁学龄前儿童视力情况数据及其家长的调查问卷。男女童分别占51.30%、48.70%,3岁儿童占39.99%,居住在城镇的儿童占65.97%;母亲文化程度以初中及高中为主,占41.19%,父亲文化程度以大专及以上为主,占52.50%,家庭人均月收入以1 000~2 000元为主,占41.19%。共检出视力异常儿童12 142例,视力异常发生率为66.83%,其中远视发生率为23.58%,散光发生率为14.79%,近视发生率为12.20%,弱视发生率为0.41%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,每天看电视时间为0.5~2.0、>2.0 h (OR=1.428、1.398)、每天接触电脑、平板和手机时间为0.5~2.0、>2.0 h (OR=1. 436、1. 404)的学龄前儿童视力异常发生风险较高,看书写字姿势正确的学龄前儿童视力异常风险较低(OR=0.535)。结论 该地区3~5岁学龄前儿童视力异常发生率高,应引起相关部门及家长重视,应严格控制电视、电子产品使用时间、保持正确读书写字姿势同时积极开展户外活动,保障儿童视力健康发育。 相似文献
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2008年苏州高新区健康生活方式行为干预活动分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国目前慢性病发病率呈上升趋势,超重与肥胖作为影响慢性病发生的重要因素正逐渐引起社会的广泛重视。笔者于2008年9—12月期间,对苏州高新区8个干预点的居民进行健康生活方式宣传,同时进行2次调查比较,评估健康教育对干预对象的干预程度,比较全民健康生活方式行动(简称121活动)开展前后,居民对合理膳食和身体活动知识的知晓率,为今后的工作开展提供参考和指导。 相似文献
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目的 分析苏州高新区中老年高血压患者抑郁发生状况及相关因素。方法 以2017—2018年在苏州高新区某医院长期治疗的苏州学府社区年龄≥40岁的高血压患者为研究对象进行抑郁状况及相关因素调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对结果进行描述。结果 本研究共对780例苏州市高新区年龄≥40岁的中老年高血压患者进行调查,以男性为主,497例(占63.7%),60~75岁429例(占55.0%),已婚498例(占63.8%),家庭月收入<3000元426例(占54.6%),高中及中专356例(占45.6%)。中老年高血压患者抑郁发生率为21.0%。家庭月收入≥3 000元(OR=0.088)、家庭关系好(OR=0.106、0.080)、医疗费用支付方式为医保/商业保险(OR=0.010)、服用降压药(OR=0.598)的患者发生抑郁的风险较小,有高血压并发症(OR=1.774)发生抑郁的风险较大。结论 苏州市高新区中老年患者抑郁发生率较高,经济因素、情绪因素和疾病因素是导致该社区高血压中老年患者抑郁发生的危险因素。 相似文献
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Melo MM Souza WV Lima ML Braga C 《Cadernos de saúde pública / Ministério da Saúde, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública》2011,27(3):471-485
To investigate factors associated with dental caries in deciduous dentition, a nested case-control study was conducted in a prevalence survey of preschool children (n = 1,690) aged 18 to 36 months and 5 years of age, treated under the Family Health Program in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2006. Cases were children with dmft > 1 and controls with dmft = 0. The independent variables were analyzed in blocks: demographic, environmental, family structure, health care, and dental services use. OR and 95%CI were estimated. Variables associated with the outcome at p < 0.20 in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. The cutoff for remaining in the final model was p < 0.10. Larger households (more members), lack of running supply, time of residence, maternal (or caregiver's) schooling, attendance in public preschool, demand for dental services, and sugar intake patterns were associated factors. Variables related to social context were the main predictors of caries, thus highlighting the need for comprehensive measures to address other common childhood health problems. 相似文献
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Factors associated with hysterectomy among women in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was to identify hysterectomy prevalence across urban, rural and remote areas of Australia and across states, to separate geographic variation from the effect of sociodemographic influences, and also to compare the quality of life of women who have and have not had hysterectomy. Data were collected from 14,072 women aged 45-50 years participating in the baseline survey of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. The estimated prevalence of hysterectomy was 22%. Factors significantly associated with hysterectomy included living in a rural or remote area, state of residence, having private health insurance, lower levels of education, being married and having more than two children, having had other gynaecological and non-gynaecological surgical procedures, and more visits to general practitioners. Compared with women who had not had hysterectomy, women who had had hysterectomy had significantly poorer physical and mental health as measured by the SF-36 quality of life profile (adjusted mean PCS=45.7 vs 49.3, p<0.0001; adjusted mean MCS=46.9 vs 48.2, p<0.0001). 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION: Obesity during adolescence is considered a strong predictor of adult obesity. The present study assessed the overweight/obesity prevalence and associated factors in middle class adolescents of a school in the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and evaluated the correlation between body mass index with anthropometric measures of fatness. METHOD: The analysis covered 391 students aged from 15 to 17 years. Adolescents had their weight, height, skinfold thickness and upper arm circumference measured at school. A food frequency questionnaire (list of 79 items) and a questionnaire including food habits, parents anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and other factors associated with obesity were filled out by the adolescents at school. RESULTS: The proportion of overweight individuals among boys (Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than the 90th percentile of the Brazilian population) was 23.9%, whereas the prevalence among girls was 7.2%. The fact of being on a slimming diet was a relevant factor for the prediction of BMI and was 7 times more frequent among girls than among boys. Among boys, being on a diet, absence of breakfast, and family body appearance were positively associated with BMI. Among girls these variables were also significantly associated, whereas age at menarche was negatively associated with BMI. Hours of watching TV/video/video-game was associated with BMI only among boys. The correlation coefficient between BMI and measures of fatness varied from 0.7 to 0.9 for boys, and from 0.8 to 0.90 for girls. CONCLUSIONS: BMI appears to be a good indicator of obesity among adolescents and showed that girls demonstrated an exaggerated preoccupation with body image and stereotyped slim body patterns. 相似文献
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目的 了解广州市6~12岁非近视儿童屈光及远视储备不足现状,为近视防控“关口”前移至学龄前,针对近视高危人群制定防控政策、开展综合干预提供依据。方法 2018—2020年每年9—12月,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,在广州市11个区,每区抽取2所幼儿园、2所小学和2所初中开展近视调查。选取其中6~12岁非近视儿童为本次研究对象,共有18269名儿童纳入分析。分别采用中位数(四分位数)、Kruskal-Wallis H 检验及Mann-Whitney U 检验对非正态分布定量资料进行描述、多组间比较和两组间比较,采用χ2检验进行百分率或构成比组间比较。结果 2018、2019、2020年6~12岁非近视儿童等效球镜度数(SE)分别为0.13(-0.25,0.50)D、0.25(-0.13,0.50)D和0.25(-0.13,0.50)D,远视储备不足检出率分别为93.33%、91.56%和91.12%。2018—2020年6~12岁各年龄非近视儿童SE分别为6岁0.38(0.13,0.75)D、7岁0.25(0.00,0.63)D、8岁0.25(-0.13,0.50)D、9岁0.13(-0.25,0.38)D、10岁0.00(-0.25,0.38)D、11岁0.00(-0.38,0.25)D、12岁-0.13(-0.38,0.25)D,相邻两组年龄间SE差异均有统计学意义( Z =-11.21、-7.18、-8.50、-3.85、3.59、-3.64, P 值均<0.01);远视储备不足检出率分别为6岁97.01%、7岁97.52%、8岁96.03%、9岁93.73%、10岁88.38%、11岁77.43%、12岁64.21%。2018—2020年,9、10和12岁非近视儿童SE女生均低于男生( Z= -3.41、-3.39和-3.11, P 值均<0.01)。2018—2020年各年及3年间,6~12岁非近视儿童远视储备不足检出率女生均高于男生(χ2=3.97、5.77、12.02、20.40, P 值均<0.01)。结论 广州市6~12岁非近视儿童屈光度呈较低水平,眼“正视化”速度较快,远视储备不足检出率较高,近视高危儿童人数较多,女生多于男生。亟需将近视防控“关口”前移至学龄前,重视女童视力健康,以及针对近视高危儿童制定切实可行的防控干预方案。 相似文献