唇腭裂患者正颌术后上颌骨短期稳定性的三维分析

目的:建立一种可同时反映上颌骨位置及姿势的三维测量方法,对唇腭裂患者上颌骨正颌术后的短期稳定性进行三维评估.方法:选取因唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足而行正颌手术的25例患者,按照患侧分为左侧唇腭裂组10例、右侧唇腭裂组8例、双侧唇腭裂组7例;收集术前6周(T0)、术后4天(T1)、术后3个月(T2)、6个月(T3)的全头颅螺旋CT资料,利用计算机辅助设计软件ProPlan建立三维坐标系,设定22个描述上颌骨空间位置的指标,并定义3个姿势角∠ PP-CP、∠RP-CP、∠YP-CP,分别表示上颌骨在空间内俯仰、侧滚、摆尾.利用SPSS16.0软件包对T2、T3时的测量结果进行配对t检验.结果:成功建立了较为完整反映上颌骨空间位置及姿势的测量方法.在垂直向上,颌骨前部牙骨段向上的总体复发率为7.46％;在矢状向上,各组复发率分别为30.95％、8.01％和34.76％,无显著差异;在水平向上,单侧完全性唇腭裂组均出现整体向健侧平移,且前部偏向健侧、而后部偏向患侧偏转的复发趋势.结论:腭裂患者正颌术后上颌骨在三维方向内存在复发趋势,本研究建立的三维测量比二维研究能更有效地从平移和旋转的角度进行评估.     

外科手术辅助上颌骨快速扩弓的治疗进展

<正>临床上常见的颌面畸形中,因骨骼形态异常导致的骨性颌面畸形是治疗的难点。上颌骨的骨骼形态改变主要包括水平向、垂直向以及横向的变化。其中横向的改变最为显著和多见,它既可以作为一种     

正颌外科患者的术后正畸

目的 :探讨术后正畸的必要性及矫治的目的。方法 :对 10例正颌外科患者术后正畸的分析讨论。结果 :术后矫正可进一步改善正颌外科患者的关系。结论 :正颌外科术后要取得良好的关系 ,建立平衡 ,必需进行术后矫正     

正畸正颌联合治疗腭裂术后上颌骨严重发育不良症

目的：探讨正畸、正颌联合治疗唇腭裂术后引起的上颌骨严重发育不良症的临床效果。方法:j临床选择腭裂术后患者10例（男6人，女1人）。矫正开始前，先共同进行会 诊确定手术方案和术前正畸的内容。术前正畸包括扩大上颌牙弓，整平咬合曲线并排齐牙齿，为手术做好准备。手术时依据上颌骨发育受限的程度设计单颌手术，或下颌拔除第一牙以便缩小下牙弓与有限前徒的上颌相匹配。手术之后再配合必要的术后正畸以调整牙齿咬合关系。结果：经过正畸、正颌联合矫治10例腭裂术后严重上颌骨发育不良的患者，均取得了十分明显的疗效。患者上下颌骨达到协调，侧面形态得到很大改善，牙弓形态理想，前牙覆He覆盖关系正常。患者对治疗结果均表示满意。结论：正畸、正颌联合矫治腭裂术后严重上颌发育不良症是一种疗效显著、患者满意的治疗方法。     

正颌外科术后患者的满意度调查

本文通过问卷回顾性地调查了126位正颌外科术后1年以上患者的满意度。93．6%的患者对手术后容貌的改变满意;849%的患者愿意向有类似畸形的亲朋好友推荐正颌外科手术;74.8％的患者愿意再选择手术;64.3％以上的患者术后感觉自信心提高,与他人交往更自如,幸福感增强。     

正颌外科手术矫正唇腭裂继发颌骨畸形术后上颌稳定性的研究

目的 探讨正颌外科手术矫正唇腭裂继发颌骨畸形患者术后上颌骨的稳定性及相关影响因素.方法 34例唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足的患者,均行改良LeFortⅠ型截骨术前徙上颌骨,其中29例患者同期行BSSRO和/或颏成形术,术后随访时间≥12月.分别在术前、术后即刻及术后随访时拍摄头颅定位侧位片.通过头影测量分析,测量上齿槽座（A）点、后鼻嵴（PNS）点、∠SNA的变化.结果 34例患者术后1年以上（平均19个月）水平向复发率为（20.10±18.09）％;垂直向复发率为（34.78±32.89）％.∠SNA术前平均为77.9°,术后即刻为82.3°,术后1年以上为81.4°.水平向复发率与上颌骨前徙量无相关性（P＞0.05）,但垂直向的复发率与上颌骨下移量呈正相关性（P＜0.05）.通过对15例连续随访患者资料的方差分析提示,上颌骨术后复发主要发生在术后3个月内.结论 唇腭裂患者上颌骨前徙术后具有一定程度的复发,其复发主要发生在术后3个月内.垂直向的复发率与颌骨下移量成正相关.     

三维可视化术前宣教对正颌患者心理状况的影响

目的: 研究三维可视化术前宣教对正颌患者焦虑及抑郁心理的影响。方法: 选取2015年12月—2016年6月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颅颌面科行正颌手术治疗的患者240例,随机分为试验组及对照组,每组120例。术前对试验组患者采用三维可视化术前宣教方法配合常规术前书面宣教,对照组患者仅采用常规书面术前宣教。宣教后,填写调查问卷,包括一般情况调查表、SAS焦虑自评量表及SDS抑郁自评量表。采用SPSS17.0软件包对2组患者的自评量表结果进行统计学分析。结果: 2组患者的一般情况包括年龄、性别、教育程度、职业的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,具有可比性。对照组分别有9例患者出现术前焦虑,11例患者出现术前抑郁;试验组分别有1例患者出现术前焦虑,1例患者出现术前抑郁。与对照组相比,试验组术前出现焦虑患者人数下降6.7%（P<0.05）,术前出现抑郁患者人数下降8.3%（P<0.05）。结论: 三维可视化术前宣教有助于改善正颌患者术前焦虑及抑郁心理,降低患者出现术前焦虑及抑郁的几率,促使患者能以良好的心态面对手术。     

唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足牵引成骨后颌骨变化

目的　比较唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者颅外支架式牵引成骨术 (RigidExternalDistraction ,RED)前后上下颌骨前后向和垂直向位置及牙颌关系变化 ,评价RED治疗上颌发育不足效果。方法　唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 2 2名 ,其中男性 1 4名 ,女性 8名 ,平均年龄为 1 5 3岁。所有患者在改良高位LeFortⅠ型截骨术基础上行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术。测量RED前后头颅定位侧位片上下颌骨位置及牙颌关系各项指标 ,用配对t检验比较RED术前术后变化。　结果　RED前后SNA角、NA与FH夹角、Ptm至S距离、Ptm至A距离、上中切牙至腭平面距离、上颌第一磨牙至腭平面距离、SNB角、面角、颌凸角、下颌平面角、ANB角、Y轴角、NA与AMe比、覆牙合和覆盖变化具高度显著性差异。　结论　RED用于唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 ,可有效地延长上颌骨长度和高度并使之前移 ;下颌骨则顺时针旋转 ,上下颌骨间位置和比例更为协调 ,下颌骨的生长发育方向更趋于正常     

正颌外科术后的功能评价

经长期观察研究表明,正颌外科手术后颜面及下颌功能并非都获得全面改善。本文就正颌外科手术后颞颌关节运动范围、咀嚼肌功能改变、(牙合)力改善、以及颞下颌关节的解剖位置变化等作了客观的评价。     

An innovative universal protocol for orthognathic surgery three-dimensional virtual simulation

The aim of this technical note is to describe a protocol for three-dimensional virtual simulation of orthognathic surgery that has been designed to be easily implemented, without the need for any special clinical apparatus, software brand, or computed tomography sequence. The protocol comprises innovative concepts and simplified steps for image segmentation, creation of a composite skull, control of the condylar position, and sequencing of bimaxillary surgery. This protocol was applied by the developers in about 2000 cases performed between 2015 and 2022, and has become quite popular among local surgeons. Previous preliminary studies have shown that it meets the accuracy standards for clinical use, although further studies with larger numbers of patients are desirable for additional validation.     

A new model of customized maxillary guide for orthognathic surgery: Precision analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the surgical accuracy of a new Maxillary Bone-Dental-Supported guide (MBDS) for osteotomy and maxillary positioning in orthognathic surgeries.Materials and methodsThe customized MBDS were prototyped through CAD-CAM technology (computer-aided design and manufacturing). The planning image (CT0) was superimposed on the computed tomography scan post-treatment (CT1) and the mean of positional differences between them were obtained tridimensionally at the axes: mediolateral (X), anteroposterior (Y) and vertical (Z).ResultsEleven patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mediolateral movement showed the best precision, with a greater mean difference of 0.34 mm at the CI point (central incisor) and less than 0.02 mm at the RM point (right molar). In the vertical direction, the largest mean discrepancy found was 0.50 mm and on the y-axis, anteroposterior, was 0.74 mm, as well as two at the CI point. The skeletal SNA point, on the other hand, showed the smallest average discrepancies: 0.10 mm (x-axis), 0.03 mm (y-axis) and 0 mm (z-axis). Overall, 99.24% of the discrepancies found were less than 2 mm.ConclusionOur results suggests that the double support, osseous and dental, present in that new guide, favored the positional stability of the maxilla and promoted better control of its vertical axis. Furthermore, the function of an osteotomy guide increases the predictability and security of the surgical procedure.     

Fibroscopic findings in patients following maxillary osteotomies in orthognathic surgery

Objective

To evaluate the intranasal complications in patients submitted to maxillary Le Fort osteotomy within the orthognathic evaluation through flexible fibroscope, method which is safety, reliable and minimally invasive.

Materials and methods

A prospective, systematic non-randomized study is presented with a series of 47 patients who underwent a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy due to dentofacial deformity between January 2008 and December 2008. The patients who were included underwent an evaluation of nasal respiratory function using a questionnaire designed for this objective, after which a fibroscopic examination was carried out.

Results

With regards to the results of the NOSE questionnaire, 4/47 patients had Grade 2 nasal obstruction before the surgery. After the intervention, three improved to a 0–1 grade. 3/47 patients reported snoring during sleep without OSAS that was not modified as a result of the surgery. 2/47 patients presented with sequelae regarding the deviation of the septum, and 1/47 had a luxation of the anterior nasal spine that had not been recorded before the orthognathic surgery. The presence of synechiae was observed in 3/47 cases. A septal perforated mucosa was found in the IV area of the nasal septum. Hypertrophy of the lower turbinate was observed in 4/47 cases.

Conclusion

The fibroscope procedure is minimally invasive and it does not require local anesthesia or sedation, and it allows the surgeon to carry out an immediate and exhaustive evaluation, on an outpatient basis, of possible septal and nasal sequelae in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.     

Evaluation of facial soft tissue asymmetric changes in Class III patients after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in facial soft tissue asymmetry over time after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. The study included 101 patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion (72 female, 29 male; age range 19–53 years, mean age 28.6 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Three-dimensional photographs were acquired using the 3dMDtrio stereophotogrammetry system, and 21 anthropometric landmark positions were evaluated at three time points: before surgery (T0), 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) after surgery. Facial asymmetry was assessed and classified as follows: 0–2 mm, mild; 2–5 mm, moderate;> 5 mm, severe. The average distance for whole face asymmetry differed between T0 (median 0.76 mm) and T1 (median 0.70 mm); however, there was no statistically significant difference at any time point. The chin volume asymmetry score differed significantly between T0 (median 1.11 mm) and T1 and T2 (median 1.08 mm for both; P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but not between T1 and T2 (P = 0.061). The study findings indicate that the asymmetry of the facial soft tissues has the potential to return after 6 months, without reaching the baseline.     

数字化技术用于25例患者正颌手术效果评价

目的:应用数字化技术辅助正颌外科三维重建测量、术前诊断、手术设计与模拟、导板制作、导航验证和效果评估,探索制订更加科学、合理的数字化诊治方法和流程.方法:选取25例先天性牙颌面畸形患者,术前行颅颌面CT扫描,将CT数据导入Mimics 20.0软件,建立数字化原始模型.确定三维重建测量硬组织标志点并进行测量、分析、诊断...     

Proplan虚拟软件在正颌外科教学中的应用评价

目的: 利用Proplan虚拟软件构建正颌外科虚拟教学平台,以探索高效的正颌外科教学模式。方法: 选择福建医科大学普通本科口腔医学四年级学生100名,随机分为2组,每组50名。利用传统正颌外科教学法和Proplan虚拟软件教学法,分别对2组学生进行教学;设计正颌外科相关试卷测验2组学生,评估2组学生对正颌外科的了解程度;然后2组学生交换教学方法,对所有学生进行问卷调查,统计学生对2种教学方法的接受度。采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 实验组测验得分为47.26±4.44,对照组为43.92±3.18,两组得分具有显著差异（P<0.01）。2组学生对正颌外科虚拟教学方法的接收程度也高于传统教学方法,差异具有显著性（P<0.05）。结论: Proplan虚拟软件教学提高了正颌外科教学效率,学生易于接受,值得推广。     

Accuracy of splint vs splintless technique for virtually planned orthognathic surgery: A voxel-based three-dimensional analysis

PurposeThis study compared two transferring methods for virtually planned orthognathic surgery — the CAD/CAM intermediate splint and the customized surgical guide with fixation plates.MethodsThis was a prospective clinical study in which participants were consecutively recruited and underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. They were divided into two groups based on the transferring method used. The pre- and postoperative CBCTs were aligned using voxel-based landmark-free registration, and the discrepancies for selected points were compared with the planned displacement of the virtually planned surgery. The maxilla and mandible were analyzed separately, and translation and rotation movements were considered.ResultsA total of 16 patients, divided into two groups of eight patients each, were included in this study. The splintless group was significantly more accurate for the translation movement along the x-axes for points A (p = 0.008; mean absolute error 0.527 ± 0.387 for the splint group and 0.137 ± 0.067 for the splintless group) and Ans (p = 0.045; mean absolute error 0.535 ± 0.446 for the splint group and 0.156 ± 0.002 for the splintless group). For the mandible there was a significant difference in accuracy along the x-axes for points B (p = 0.049; mean absolute errors 1.728 ± 1.181 and 0.697 ± 0.519 for the splint and splintless groups, respectively), LL3 (p = 0.049; mean absolute error 1.629 ± 0.912 and 0.851 ± 0.797 for the splint and splintless groups, respectively), LR3 (p = 0.049; mean absolute error 1.711 ± 0.906 and 0.844 ± 0.780 for the splint and splintless groups, respectively), with the splintless group being more accurate. For the rotation the splintless group was significantly more accurate along the y-axes (p = 0.04; mean absolute error 1.62 ± 0.78 and 0.49 ± 0.31 for the splint and splintless groups, respectively) and z-axes (p = 0.04; mean absolute error 0.63 ± 0.45 and 0.17 ± 0.05 for the splint and splintless groups, respectively) for the maxilla, while no significant difference was found for the mandible.ConclusionsOverall, the customized fixation plate system is more accurate than the intermediate CAD/CAM splint for transferring the virtual plan into the operation room.     

Changes in quality of life after orthognathic surgery in Saudi patients

Aim

This study was conducted to measure the impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life in Saudi patients.

Materials and methods

Patients with a discrepancy of 5 mm or more who underwent orthognathic surgery either single jaw or bimaxillary at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, between September 2007 and June 2013 were included in the study. They were asked to complete the Arabic version of the 22-item Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) preoperatively and postoperatively. Responses at these two timepoints were compared using paired t-tests, with the significance level set to P < 0.05.

Results

Seventeen patients participated in the study. Total OQLQ scores and those in the instrument’s four domains (oral function, facial aesthetics, awareness of dentofacial aesthetics, and social aspects) indicated that quality of life was significantly improved by orthognathic surgery (all P < 0.001).The social aspect domain was shown to be more important for patients than were facial aesthetics and oral function.

Conclusion

The present study revealed highly significant improvement in Saudi patients’ quality of life following orthognathic surgery. This improvement was evident in all four OQLQ domains.     

重组促红细胞生成素治疗正颌患者术后贫血的疗效观察

目的:研究重组促红细胞生成素治疗正颌患者术后贫血的有效性。方法:术中失血500~1200ml正颌患者31例,随机分为2组。治疗组,术后第1天起应用rhEPO 6000IU皮下注射,1周3次,共3次,福乃得(Ferrost sulfatis Etvitamini-medtech)每日1片,共12d;对照组除rhEPO外,其他同治疗组。统计2组患者术中出血量,测定术前及术后第3、7、12天红细胞压积(Hct)和血红蛋白含量(Hb)。结果:术后第12天,治疗组Hb、Hct增加值与对照组Hb、Hct增加值差值比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:rhEPO复合补铁药物,应用于术中出血较多的正颌患者,可有效纠正贫血状态,并可避免因术后贫血而输血。