小细胞肺癌内科治疗新进展

小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）具有极高的增殖率、较强的早期转移倾向和较差的预后。超过三分之二的患者初诊时分期为广泛期（extensive stage-small cell lung cancer,ES-SCLC）。小细胞肺癌治疗进展缓慢,含铂化疗一直是标准治疗方案,虽然近期有效率高,但易出现耐药。近年来免疫治疗及抗血管药物的兴起,在SCLC领域出现了突破,为SCLC建立新的治疗标准。本文将SCLC的化学治疗、抗血管治疗及免疫治疗进展进行综述。     

2010年美国临床肿瘤学会年会热点——小细胞肺癌的研究进展

从生物学行为的角度可将肺癌分为小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)和非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),其中SCLC约占15%左右.SCLC恶性程度高,虽然对放疗、化疗较敏感,但预后差[1].本文就2010年美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology,ASCO)年会上有关SCLC的研究进展做一综述.     

晚期肺大细胞神经内分泌癌的临床治疗研究进展

肺大细胞神经内分泌癌（large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung,LCNEC）是一种罕见的侵袭性强、预后差的高级别神经内分泌癌,具有独特的分子特征、基因分型。目前LCNEC的治疗大多借鉴小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）、非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的方案,但一直存在争议。本文结合近年来LCNEC的临床研究及前沿进展,从其诊断、分子特征、治疗等方面予以综述。     

阿法替尼在NSCLC中的应用与展望

在全球肿瘤病死率中,肺癌病死率居首,5年生存率很低,只有15%。肺癌主要分为非小细胞肺癌（non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC）、小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）。NSCLC最常见,约占肺癌85%。     

肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊治中的价值

世界卫生组织报告，肺癌已成为癌症死亡的首位病因。在中国，肺癌的发病率在男性中占首位，女性中占第二位；肺癌死亡率也占癌症中的第一位。肺癌可分为二大类：小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer，SCLC）和非小细胞肺癌（non—small cell lung cancer，NSCLC），后者主要分为鳞癌、腺癌和大细胞肺癌等。NSCLC是肺癌中最常见的一种，大约占80％，治疗包括手术、化疗和放疗，5年生存率为20％～409／5；而SCLC是恶性程度最高的一种类型，一般不宜手术，对复合化疗和放疗较敏感。肺癌疗效较差，平均5年生存率只有13％。肺癌的高死亡率主要是因为无法做出早期诊断，若能早期诊断，     

小细胞肺癌药物治疗进展

小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）约占肺癌患者的13% 。与非小细胞肺癌相比具有早期转移倾向及对一线细胞毒性化疗药物敏感的特点。目前的治疗方式包括手术、胸部及脑部放疗和化疗。以铂类联合依托泊苷为标准一线化疗,治疗后复发率较高。拓扑替康单药为标准二线化疗,新型的靶向和免疫治疗等疗效均欠佳。因此小细胞肺癌的治疗亟待有新的突破。     

小细胞肺癌靶向治疗回顾

小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）占肺癌的13％。SCLC虽然对放化疗敏感,但易复发,5年生存率低于5％。随着靶向治疗药物吉非替尼、厄罗替尼等成功用于治疗非小细胞肺癌,靶向治疗亦有可能为提高小细胞肺癌的疗效提供更广阔的可能空间。     

2009年美国临床肿瘤学会年会热点——小细胞肺癌治疗研究进展

肺癌的发病率和死亡率居恶性肿瘤之首,严重威胁人类健康.从生物学行为的角度可将其分为小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)和非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcell lung cancer,NSCLC),其中SCLC约占15%-20%.SCLC恶性程度高,虽然对放射治疗(放疗)、化学治疗(化疗)较敏感,但预后差.本文就2009年美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology,ASCO)年会上SCLC治疗的研究进展做一综述.     

肺癌免疫治疗的研究进展

以程序性细胞死亡受体1（programmed cell death-1,PD-1）及其配体1（programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1）抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗已经成为肺癌非常重要的治疗手段,在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）和小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）的治疗中均取得了突破性进展,免疫单药、免疫联合化疗、双免疫联合用药相继取得成功,极大改变了肺癌的治疗形式,使肺癌患者实现长期生存,成为肺癌重要的治疗手段。在不断取得突破的同时,针对肺癌免疫治疗领域也在进行着更深层次的研究,包括用药模式的优化、新靶点药物研发、克服耐药策略的探索等,本文将重点介绍肺癌免疫治疗的相关研究进展。      

小细胞肺癌个体化治疗进展

小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）具有进展迅速、早期转移、预后差的特点。SCLC的治疗一直是研究者关注的焦点。精准医学和个体化医疗的发展打破了SCLC治疗领域多年的沉寂,使SCLC的治疗模式发生改变。生物信息学的进步加速了对SCLC分子机制的理解,发现SCLC个体化治疗的一些潜在靶点,在临床研究中针对这些靶点的药物进行不断的探索,描绘着SCLC个体化医疗的美好前景。      

An Overview of the Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer – A Mainstay of Treatment or a Modality in Decline?

AimsSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy all play important roles in the management of SCLC. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the role and evidence of radiotherapy in the cure and palliation of SCLC.Materials and methodsThe search strategy included a search of the PubMed database, hand searches, reference lists of relevant review articles and relevant published abstracts. ClinicalTrials.gov was also queried for relevant trials.ResultsThoracic radiotherapy improves overall survival in limited stage SCLC, but the timing and dose remain controversial. The role of thoracic radiotherapy in extensive stage SCLC with immunotherapy is the subject of several ongoing trials. Current evidence supports the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for limited stage SCLC but the evidence is equivocal in extensive stage SCLC. Whole brain radiotherapy is well established for the treatment of brain metastases but evidence is rapidly accumulating for the use of stereotactic radiosurgery. Further studies will define the role of PCI, whole brain radiotherapy and hippocampal avoidant PCI in the immunotherapy era.ConclusionRadiotherapy is an essential component in the multimodality management of SCLC. Technological advances have allowed safer delivery of radiotherapy with reduced toxicities. Discussion at multidisciplinary team meetings is important to ensure radiotherapy is considered and offered in appropriate patients.     

Recent developments in radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a review by the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer (Spanish Radiation Oncology Society)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 13% of all lung tumours. The standard treatment in patients with limited-stage disease is radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In extensive SCLC, the importance of consolidation thoracic radiotherapy in patients with a good treatment response has become increasingly recognized. In both limited and extensive disease, prophylactic cranial irradiation is recommended in patients who respond to treatment. New therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy are being increasingly incorporated into the treatment of SCLC, although more slowly than in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Diverse radiation dose and fractionation schemes, administered in varying combinations with these new drugs, are being investigated. In the present study we review and update the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of SCLC. We also discuss the main clinical trials currently underway in order to identify future trends.     

Progress in immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a special type of lung cancer that belongs to highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumors. At present, radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment for SCLC. Progress in targeted therapies for SCLC with driver mutations has been slow, and these therapies are still under investigation in preclinical or early-phase clinical trials, and research on antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., anlotinib) has achieved some success. Immunotherapy is becoming an important treatment strategy for SCLC after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this article we review the recent advances in immunotherapy for SCLC.     

小细胞肺癌免疫治疗的临床研究进展

小细胞肺癌（smallcell lung cancer ,SCLC）是一种恶性程度较高的肿瘤,约占全部肺癌的15% ,其具有侵袭性高、增殖快、早期广泛转移的生物学特点。虽然对化疗和放疗高度敏感、初治缓解率高,但极易耐药和复发,迫切需要新的治疗策略以提高疗效、延长生存期。SCLC发生发展和化疗耐药涉及众多细胞学和分子生物学异常改变,随着对SCLC生物学行为理解的加深以及分析检测技术的不断发展,免疫治疗可能突破治疗瓶颈、为SCLC治疗开辟新的途径。本文将对小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗临床研究做一综述。      

先进诊疗技术下小细胞肺癌脑预防照射临床价值与研究进展

小细胞肺癌（SCLC）恶性程度高,侵袭性强,易发生颅脑转移。现有指南均推荐脑预防照射（PCI）作为初始系统性治疗后达到完全缓解的SCLC患者的标准治疗方案。但在MRI广泛应用于颅脑转移诊断的今天,放疗同时免疫治疗及分子靶向治疗的联合治疗方案广泛应用于肺癌,PCI在SCLC治疗中的价值受到质疑并面临挑战。而应用海马保护技术及相关药物减少PCI后神经认知功能损伤成为研究热点。本文将近期文献报道的PCI相关研究结果进行综述,为SCLC患者选择最适合的PCI个体化治疗方案提供参考。     

先进诊疗技术下小细胞肺癌脑预防照射临床价值与研究进展

小细胞肺癌（SCLC）恶性程度高,侵袭性强,易发生颅脑转移。现有指南均推荐脑预防照射（PCI）作为初始系统性治疗后达到完全缓解的SCLC患者的标准治疗方案。但在MRI广泛应用于颅脑转移诊断的今天,放疗同时免疫治疗及分子靶向治疗的联合治疗方案广泛应用于肺癌,PCI在SCLC治疗中的价值受到质疑并面临挑战。而应用海马保护技术及相关药物减少PCI后神经认知功能损伤成为研究热点。本文将近期文献报道的PCI相关研究结果进行综述,为SCLC患者选择最适合的PCI个体化治疗方案提供参考。     

小细胞肺癌免疫治疗相关生物标志物研究进展

最近30年来小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)的治疗手段无明显突破,整体预后也无显著改善.随着免疫治疗时代的开启,免疫检查点抑制剂在SCLC治疗中取得了重大进展,但整体获益仍有限.如何筛选获益人群以进一步提高免疫治疗效果是当下SCLC研究的热点问题之一.通过概述SCLC现状,聚焦SCL...     

New perspectives in the management of small cell lung cancer

The treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a challenge for all specialists involved. New treatments have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium in recent months, but efforts must continue to improve both survival and quality of life. Advances in surgery and radiotherapy have resulted in prolonged survival times and fewer complications, while more careful patient selection has led to increased staging accuracy. Developments in the field of systemic therapy have resulted in changes to clinical guidelines and the management of patients with advanced disease, mainly with the introduction of immunotherapy. In this article, we describe recent improvements in the management of patients with SCLC, review current treatments, and discuss future lines of research.     

小细胞肺癌的二线化疗及研究进展

 小细胞肺癌（SCLC）恶性度较高，早期即可发生血行转移，但对放化疗敏感，故SCLC治疗应以全身化疗为主，联合放疗和手术为主要治疗手段。尽管SCLC化疗的有效率较高，但对于广泛期SCLC患者，从化疗耐药开始至患者死亡的中位时间仍不满意。对于局限期 SCLC患者在诱导放化疗后仍有75 % ~ 80 %出现复发，故二线治疗是治疗SCLC的重点。