新生儿危重病例评分与临床危险指数评分预测极低出生体重儿死亡风险的比较

目的探讨新生儿危重病例评分(NCIS)与新生儿临床危险指数(CRIB)评分对极低出生体重儿死亡风险评估的价值。方法对93例早产儿按不同胎龄、体重分组进行NCIS,其中42例胎龄<31周或出生体重<1.5kg者再进行CRIB评分,将两种评分结果进行比较。结果①胎龄越小、体重越轻,疾病危重评分分值越低,胎龄<31周或出生体重<1.5kg者明显低于≥31周或出生体重≥1.5kg者,其差异有显著性(P均<0.05雪;②死亡病例NCIS明显低于非死亡病例,CRIB评分明显高于非死亡病例,差异有显著性(P均<0.05雪;③NCIS与新生儿CRIB评分两者间呈负相关,r=-0.383,P<0.01。结论NCIS与CRIB评分均可较好地判断极低出生体重儿的疾病危重度,预测死亡风险,且两者相关性好。     

新生儿临床风险指数在早产低出生体重儿中的应用

新生儿临床风险指数（ clinical risk index for babies,CRIB ）是一种应用于早产低出生体重儿评估最初疾病严重程度,预测死亡风险率,评估各医疗机构的自身医疗质量,以及对各医疗机构之间进行客观医疗水平比较的评分系统,对我国日益发展的新生儿医学起着重要的作用。本文详细介绍了CRIB评分系统的来源及发展现状、具体评分细则以及CRIB的优点,对早产低出生体重儿死亡风险预测的准确性,并分析了其应用于预测早产低出生体重儿远期神经系统发育的价值。     

极低体重儿生存率的提高与长期预后

由于新生儿医学、医疗的进步,出生时体重不足1000g 的极低体重儿(VLBWI),70%以上可以存活。今年1月1日起分娩界限由24周降至22周,预计VLBWI 出生将逐渐增加。因此,这些 VLBWI 的长期预后尤为引人关注。     

重度新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征死亡危险因素分析

目的探讨重度新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（respiratory distress syndrome,RDS）导致死亡的主要危险因素。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月我院NICU诊断为重度RDS的66例早产儿的病例资料。按患儿结局分为死亡组和存活组进行分析。结果重度RDS死亡24例,病死率36．36％。死亡组患儿机械通气时间、碱剩余中位数、pH最小值、PaO2／FiO2最小值、平均胎龄、平均出生体重、1min Apgar评分、5min Apgar评分均低于存活组（P均〈0．05）。死亡组机械通气FiO2〉60％时间中位数、合并宫内窘迫比例、多胎比例、新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充-Ⅱ（sore for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension versionⅡ,SNAPPE-Ⅱ）均高于存活组（P均〈0．05）,两组机械通气并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。对相关变量行Logistic回归分析,重度RDS死亡独立危险因素为出生体重、1minApgar评分和SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分,OR值为0．990、0．141和1．240。对SNAPPE—II评分进行受试者工作特征曲线分析,曲线下面积为0．86,与0．5相比差异有统计学意义（P=0．000）。分界点SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分=24．50时对应的正确预测指数最大（Youden指数=0．70）。结论重度RDS死亡独立危险因素为出生体重、1minApgar评分和SNAPPE—Ⅱ评分;SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分对重度RDS死亡风险预测准确性中等,其为24．50时预测准确性最大。     

180 例极低出生体质量儿输血情况及危险因素分析

目的探讨极低出生体质量儿(VLBWI)输血情况及危险因素。方法回顾分析2012年1月至2016年6月收治的180例VLBWI的临床资料,并根据是否输血分为输血组及未输血组,比较两组VLBWI的一般资料、住院期间疾病发生情况及治疗措施。结果 180例VLBWI中,住院期间发生贫血118例(65.6%),需输血57例(31.7%),出生胎龄(31.3±1.9)周,出生体质量(1 295.7±127.7)g,首次输血多发生于生后2~5周,每次输血量为20 m L/kg,48例(84.2%)住院期间仅输血1次。两组VLBWI分别在母孕期贫血、出生体质量、胎龄、出生时血红蛋白值及红细胞压积、输血前采血量、生后采集脐血、住院时间、持续气道正压通气时间、肠外营养时间、血管活性药物使用时间、分娩方式、出生后是否需气管插管、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、呼吸暂停、暂时性甲状腺功能减退症、动脉导管未闭方面有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,胎龄越大、出生体质量越大、出生时血红蛋白值越高,VLBWI输血率越低;而住院时间越长、输血前采血量越大,则VLBWI输血率越高(P均0.05)。结论 VLBWI输血率较高,住院期间多种并发症、病情危重、早期医源性失血量及出生时血红蛋白值是影响输血率的重要因素。     

经鼻间歇正压通气预防极低出生体重儿拔管失败的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 评价应用经鼻间歇正压通气（nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation,nIPPV）与经鼻持续正压通气（nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP）预防极低出生体重儿呼吸衰竭拔管失败的疗效及预后.方法 选择2012年6月至2013年6月河北省儿童医院NICU达到撤机拔气管插管标准,需要继续无创呼吸支持的84例极低出生体重儿（出生体重700 ～1 500g,胎龄27～32周）作为研究对象.于拔气管插管后按随机数字表法将研究对象分为nIPPV组（40例）和nCPAP组（44例）,分别于拔管0、24、48、72 h进行血气分析,监测PaO2、PaCO2、FiO2以及PaO2/FiO2,统计无创辅助通气时间,氧暴露时间.计算拔管成功率（以nIPPV或nCPAP作为拔管后呼吸支持模式而不需再次气管插管的比例）,拔管后频发呼吸暂停、支气管肺发育不良、脑室内出血、脑室周围脑白质软化和早产儿视网膜病的发生率以及治愈率、放弃治疗率、病死率.结果 两组患儿的原发病构成比、性别、体重、胎龄、新生儿急性生理学评分及应用肺表面活性物质比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.无创辅助通气治疗48、72h时,nIPPV组PaO2、PaO2/FiO2高于nCPAP组[48h：PaO2：（63.2±3.6） mmHg vs （52.3±6.7）mmHg,PaO2/FiO2：（243.2±32.8）mmHg vs（187.6±34.0）mmHg; 72 h：PaO2：（66.4±5.8） mmHg vs （51.8±5.9） mmHg,PaO2/FiO2：（280.6±16.8）mmHg vs（245.2±40.5）mmHg;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],PaCO2低于nCPAP组[48 h：（40.3 ±4.8）mmHg vs （49.2 ±6.6）mmHg,72 h：（42.2±5.6） mmHg vs（57.3±6.9） mmHg],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.nIPPV组与nCPAP组患儿无创通气时间差异有统计学意义[（130.9 ±46.7） hvs （180.5 ±50.1） h,P＜0.05];氧暴露时间差异无统计学意义[（190.6±45.2）hvs （216.8 ±54.4）h,P＞0.05].nIPPV组与nCPAP组患儿拔管成功率比较差异有统计学意义[92.5％（37/40） vs 75.0％（33/44）,P＜0.05];频发呼吸暂停的发生率差异有统计学意义[15.0％ （6/40）vs34.1％ （15/44）,P＜0.05].nIPPV组患儿支气管肺发育不良发生率低于nCPAP组[2.5％ （1/40） vs15.9％ （7/44）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.脑室内出血、脑室周围脑白质软化、早产儿视网膜病变、晚发感染、坏死性小肠结肠炎、动脉导管未闭及动脉导管未闭手术的发生率相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组患儿病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 niPPY能够更明显改善患儿肺部氧合功能,缩短无创辅助通气时间,提高机械通气拔管成功率,并可减少极低出生体重儿频发呼吸暂停及支气管肺发育不良发生率.     

2005年中国城市产科新生儿出生状况调查

目的：通过对我国全国范围内在城市医院分娩的新生儿的调查，了解中国城市出生新生儿状况。方法：回顾性分析2005年中国22个省市的72家城市医院产科分娩新生儿的围产及新生儿资料，由专人负责并建立数据库。结果：2005年1~12月期间出生的新生儿45722名，新生儿男女性别比为1.13∶1。早产儿发生率为8.1%， 极低出生体重儿发生率为0.7%。 足月儿中自然受孕占99.7%，辅助生殖占0.3%；早产儿中自然受孕占98.4%，辅助生殖占1.6%。分娩方式：自然分娩占50.8%，剖宫产占49.2% (其中因社会因素剖宫产占38.1%）。新生儿1分钟Apgar评分≤7分者为4.8%，5分钟≤7分者为1.6%。转入新生儿科治疗的新生儿占7.14%。新生儿死亡率为0.74%。结论：2005年我国城市早产儿出生率较2002~2003年增高；我国城市孕妇剖宫产率远高于美国及大多数亚洲国家。     

2005年中南地区产科新生儿流行病学调查

目的：通过对我国中南地区城市医院分娩的新生儿的调查,了解我国中南地区新生儿出生情况。方法：抽取我国中南地区的23所医院进行调查。回顾性调查了2005年1月1日至同年12月31日期间出生的产科住院新生儿15582名。结果：（1）新生儿男女性别比为1.16∶1;（2）早产儿发生率为8.11%;（3）极低出生体重儿发生率为0.73%;（4）分娩方式：自然分娩占57.52%,剖宫产占40.82%（其中因社会因素剖宫产占29.91%）,其他产式占1.66%;（5）新生儿窒息发生率为3.78%,其中重度窒息占0.75 %;（6）新生儿死亡率为0.55%,其中早产儿死亡率为5.56%。结论：（1）我国中南地区早产儿发生率和新生儿窒息发生率均较高;（2）我国中南地区剖宫产比例较高,尤其是社会因素所占的比例过高。     

单胎与多胎极低出生体重儿生后早期生长发育状况比较

目的研究单胎和多胎极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)生后早期生长发育状况及其相关影响因素的异同点,为多胎VLBWI的生长发育监测提供参考依据。方法回顾性调查广东省珠江三角洲地区9个城市的9家医院新生儿科于2010-07-01—2011-06-30期间出院的早产VLBWI的住院资料,分为单胎组和多胎组,2组婴儿均统一参照"Fenton生长曲线2003—胎儿、婴儿生长曲线(供早产儿参考)(WHO生长标准版)"进行生长发育状况评估,对比性研究2组婴儿出生时宫内生长发育迟缓(IUGR)和生后2周、4周、出院时宫外生长发育迟缓(EUGR)的发生率差异,及2组婴儿的院内营养摄入情况、体重增长速度和相关疾病发生率差异等。结果单胎组和多胎组婴儿出生时IUGR和生后2周、4周、出院时EUGR的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);恢复出生体重后的日均体重增长速度和各时间段(生后2周、4周、住院期间)的营养摄入及累计缺失量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多胎组婴儿的呼吸窘迫综合征及其母亲的妊娠期糖尿病发生率均高于单胎组,而羊水过少或Ⅲ度混浊的发生率小于单胎组(P<0.05)。结论多胎早产VLBWI生后呼吸窘迫综合征发生率高于单胎,但生后早期的生长发育状况与单胎者无明显差异,其生后的生长发育状态监测可参考单胎婴儿的生长曲线。     

极低出生体质量儿并支气管肺发育不良的危险因素

目的探讨极低出生体质量儿（VLBWI）并支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的危险因素及预防对策。方法回顾性分析应用呼吸机治疗且住院28d以上的VLBWI共56例。分析20余种高危因素与BPD发生的关系。结果BPD发生率为41．07％（23／56例），占使用机械通气VLBWI的17．04％（23／135例），占所有VLBWI的6．20％（23／371例）。BPD组FiO2、吸气峰压（HP）、呼气末正压（PEEP）、平均呼吸道压（MAP）、上机日龄、产前应用地塞米松促肺成熟、生后应用肺表面活性物质（PS）等与对照组比较差异均无显著性意义（Pα〉0．05），而胎龄≤30周、出生体质量≤1250g、上机次数〉2次、并肺炎、肺出血、上机5d、痰培养阳性2次以上与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Pα〈0．05）；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，并肺炎、使用机械通气天数回归系数为0．952、0．144；OR值分别为2．591、1．154。结论缩短应用机械通气时间、防止及减少肺部感染，尤其是严重感染是预防VLBWI发生BPD的重要措施。     

Histologic chorioamnionitis and severity of illness in very low birth weight newborns.

OBJECTIVE: Estimating the risk of in-hospital mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit provides important information for health care providers, and several neonatal illness severity scores have been developed. Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a known cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. To date, the relationship between HCA and neonatal illness severity scores has not been rigorously tested. In this study, the relationships among HCA, initial illness severity, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed in very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Neonatal intensive care unit. PATIENTS: A total of 116 VLBW inborn infants (gestational age, 28.1 +/- 2.82 wks; birth weight, 1009 +/- 312 g) were categorized as HCA-positive (n = 67) and HCA-negative (n = 49). INTERVENTIONS: Placental histology was performed to identify HCA. Illness severity evaluation included several different neonatal illness severity scores-Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB), CRIB-II, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II), and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension-II (SNAPPE-II)-as well as the recording of severe morbidity and in-hospital mortality. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: HCA-positive VLBW newborns showed significantly lower gestational age (p < .0001) and birth weight (p = .0010), together with higher CRIB, CRIB-II, SNAP-II, and SNAPPE-II scores at admission to the NICU (p 5 (odds ratio [OR], 21.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.24-73.21); CRIB-II > 10 (OR, 56.17; 95% CI, 6.75-467.2); SNAP-II > 22 (OR, 43.05; 95% CI, 11.9-155.7), and SNAPPE-II > 42 (OR, 48.95; 95% CI, 10.18-235.4) (all p values <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that HCA is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality in VLBW newborns.     

The clinical risk index of babies (CRIB) score in India

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of clinical risk index of babies (CRIB score) in predicting neonatal mortality in extremely preterm neonates, compared to birth weight and gestation. METHODS: 97 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 31 weeks or birth weight less than or equal to 1500 g were enrolled for the prospective longitudinal study. Relevant neonatal data was recorded. Blood gas analysis results and the maximum and the minimum FiO2 required by babies in first 12 hours of life were noted. Mortality was taken as death while the baby was in nursery. The prediction of mortality by birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was done using the Logistic model, and expressed as area under the ROC curve. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve for birth weight, gestational age and CRIB score was almost the same, the areas being 0.829, 0.819 and 0.823 respectively. Hence CRIB score did not fare better than birth weight and gestational age in predicting neonatal mortality. CONCLUSION: The CRIB score did not improve on the ability of birth weight and gestational age to predict neonatal mortality in the study.     

Early predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates. SETTING: Teaching hospital. DESIGN: Case control study. METHODS: Hospital born very low birth weight newborns (500-1500 g) enrolled for study and followed up till death or 28 days. Infants' birth data and data on physiologic alterations, investigation and interventions in the first 24 hours of life and CRIB score were analyzed for their ability to predict neonatal mortality. RESULTS: 115 subjects were enrolled into the study of which 47 died in the neonatal period. The factors significantly associated with early neonatal mortality included birth weight, gestation, low Apgar scores, need for assisted ventilation at birth, need for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours, presence of shock, hypoxia and acidosis (p < 0.05). The factors associated with late neonatal mortality were birth weight and gestation only. Multivariate analysis of these factors showed that besides low birth weight, shock, need for mechanical ventilation, acidosis and high alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients were significant predictors of neonatal mortality. When compared with the CRIB score, birth weight <1200g proved to be an equally good predictor of mortality risk. CONCLUSION: VLBW neonates with disturbed cardio-pulmonary physiology during the first 24 hours of life, especially those in need of mechanical ventilation, are at an increased risk of early neonatal mortality.     

Assessing mortality risk in very low birthweight infants: a comparison of CRIB, CRIB-II, and SNAPPE-II

BACKGROUND: Illness severity scores are increasingly used for risk adjustment in clinical research and quality assessment. Recently, a simplified version of the score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAPPE-II) and a revised clinical risk index for babies (CRIB-II) score have been published. AIM: To compare the discriminatory ability and goodness of fit of CRIB, CRIB-II, and SNAPPE-II in a cohort of neonates < 1500 g birth weight (VLBWI). METHODS: Data from 720 VLBWI, admitted to 12 neonatal units in Lombardy (Northern Italy) participating in a regional network, were analysed. The discriminatory ability of the scores was assessed measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Outcome measure was in-hospital death. RESULTS: CRIB and CRIB-II showed greater discrimination than SNAPPE-II (AUC 0.90 and 0.91 v 0.84, p < 0.0004), partly because of the poor quality of some of the data required for the SNAPPE-II calculation-for example, urine output-but also because of the relative weight given to some items. In addition to each score, several variables significantly influenced survival in logistic regression models. Antenatal steroid prophylaxis, singleton birth, absence of congenital anomalies, and gestational age were independent predictors of survival for all scores, in addition to caesarean section and not being small for gestation (for SNAPPE-II) and a five minute Apgar score of > or = 7 (for SNAPPE-II and CRIB). CONCLUSIONS: CRIB and CRIB-II had greater discriminatory ability than SNAPPE-II. Risk adjustment using all scores is imperfect, and other perinatal factors significantly influence VLBWI survival. CRIB-II seems to be less confounded by these factors.     

极低及超低出生体重儿的预后因素分析

目的 分析极低及超低出生体重儿（出生体重≤ 1 200 g）的临床资料,为其预后及临床干预提供预警指标。方法 回顾性分析108 例极低及超低出生体重儿的母孕期病史、新生儿出生时情况、诊治经过及预后,采用非条件logistic 回归分析筛选预后的影响因素。结果 108 例极低及超低出生体重儿,出生体重范围在结论 极低及超低出生体重儿的病死率较高,且随着日龄的增加,影响早产儿生存的预后因素不同,临床上应针对这些因素制定合理的管理方案,提高早产儿生存率。     

SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: Simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores

OBJECTIVES: Illness severity scores for newborns are complex and restricted by birth weight and have dated validations and calibrations. We developed and validated simplified neonatal illness severity and mortality risk scores. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.STUDY DESIGN: Thirty neonatal intensive care units in Canada, California, and New England collected data on all admissions during the mid 1990s; patients moribund at birth or discharged to normal newborn care in <24 hours were excluded. Starting with the 34 data elements of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP), we derived the most parsimonious logistic model for in-hospital mortality using 10,819 randomly selected Canadian cases. SNAP-II includes 6 physiologic items; to this are added points for birth weight, low Apgar score, and small for gestational age to create a 9-item SNAP-Perinatal Extension-II (SNAPPE-II). We validated SNAPPE-II on the remaining 14,610 cases and optimized the calibration. RESULTS: In all birth weights, SNAPPE-II had excellent discrimination and goodness of fit. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was .91 +/- 0.01. Goodness of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow) was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II are empirically validated illness severity and mortality risk scores for newborn intensive care. They are simple, accurate, and robust across populations.     

CRIB,CRIB‐II,birth weight or gestational age to assess mortality risk in very low birth weight infants?

AIM: The mortality risk of very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g) infants has been estimated by the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB). Superior discriminatory power has been claimed for the revised CRIB-II score based on birth weight, gestational age, sex, temperature and base excess (BE) at admission. This analysis compared the power of CRIB, CRIB-II, birth weight and gestational age to predict death prior to discharge. METHODS: Of 1485 consecutive VLBW infants admitted between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2006, who survived for >or=12 h, CRIB and CRIB-II calculations were possible in 1358 infants (92%). Predictive power of variables was assessed by comparing areas under receiver operator characteristics curves (AUC). RESULTS: CRIB (AUC [95% confidence intervals] 0.82 [0.78-0.86]) performed significantly better than birth weight (0.74 [0.69-0.79]) or gestational age (0.71 [0.66-0.76]), while CRIB-II (0.69 [0.64-0.74]) was rather inferior to CRIB and did not differ significantly from birth weight or gestational age. No substantial changes were seen when substituting worst BE during the first 12 h of life for BE at admission when calculating CRIB-II. CONCLUSIONS: CRIB-II does not result in improved estimation of mortality risk in VLBW infants as compared to CRIB, birth weight or gestational age.     

极低出生体重儿发生肺出血的危险因素及其临床转归

目的 研究极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight infant,VLBWI)发生肺出血的高危因素及其临床转归。方法 病例来源于2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日江苏省妇幼保健院和南京医科大学附属儿童医院收治的所有活产VLBWI (胎龄<35周),符合纳入和排除标准的574例VLBWI进入研究,其中肺出血组44例,无肺出血组530例。收集2组临床资料进行比较分析,采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨肺出血的危险因素。结果 肺出血组和无肺出血组母亲年龄、正压通气复苏率、气管插管复苏率和生后1h内最低体温的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺出血组Ⅲ～Ⅳ级呼吸窘迫综合征和早发型败血症的比例高于无肺出血组(P<0.05)。生后1h内毛细血管再充盈时间>3 s和生后24 h内最大呼气末正压(positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP)<5 cm H2O的患儿在肺出血组更常见(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,母亲年龄30～<35岁为肺出血的保护因素(OR=0.115,P&...