早发型重度子痫前期母儿妊娠结局的比较分析

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期对妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院产科收治的早发型重度子痫前期患者203例,分为<32孕周和32～34孕周两组,比较两组并发症、期待治疗时间及围产儿结局.结果 <32孕周组子痫、HELLP 综合征、低蛋白血症及心功能不全发生率均高于32～34孕周组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); <32孕周组期待治疗时间长、围生儿体重低于32～34孕周组,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); <32孕周组胎儿生长受限(FGR)、新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡率均高于32～34孕周组,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),剖宫产为两组的主要分娩方式.结论 期待治疗用于早发型重度子痫前期是可行的,可改善围生儿的结局.     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗与母婴预后分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗对母婴预后的影响。方法对2009年1月～2012年12月安阳市妇幼保健院收治200例早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据发病孕周分为3组,A组(28～29+6周)60例、B组(30～31+6周)65例、C组(32～33+6周)75例,比较3组患者的母婴结局。结果 3组中,随发病孕周延长,孕产妇各种并发症发生率逐渐降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),围产儿并发症发生率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗效果取决于发病孕周,发病孕周越早,母婴并发症发生率越高,预后越差。     

期待治疗早发型重度子痫前期对围产结局的影响探讨

目的探讨期待治疗早发型重度子痫前期对围产结局的影响。方法2007年11月至2011年11月住院的220例早发型重度子痫前期孕妇分为A、B、C三个组观察各组期待治疗,孕产妇并发症、围产儿转归。结果小于28孕周为A组并发症发生率82．50k,围产儿死亡率100％;孕周〉28～32B组并发症发生率63．75％,围产儿死亡率23．75％;大于32孕周（包括32孕周）C组并发症发生率50．0％,围产儿死亡率6．0％。结论期待治疗早发型重度子痫前期在严密观察下继续维持妊娠,延长孕龄,降低围产儿死亡率,改善新生儿预后,对早发型重度子痫前期围产结局有着积极影响。     

早发型重度子痫前期71例治疗体会

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期适时终止妊娠的时机与方式。方法回顾性分析早发型重度子痫前期71例的临床治疗资料。结果 A组(妊娠28～31周+6)28例患者中发生新生儿窒息14例(50%),围产儿死亡4例(14.2%)。B组(妊娠32～34周)43例患者中发生新生儿窒息10例(23.2%),围产儿死亡2例(4.65%)。两组新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率差异呈显著性(P<0.01)。结论子痫前期的危害程度与发病孕周和终止妊娠孕周密切相关,根据孕妇孕周大小、胎儿发育等综合情况适时选择保守或终止妊娠分娩方式,可有效降低早发型重度子痫前期围产儿死亡率,提高疗效。     

不同类型早发型重度子痫前期病人期待治疗时间及妊娠结局的对比研究

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期(SPE)不同类型的患者期待治疗时间及妊娠结局的临床研究结果。方法:抽调在2015年3月~2016年3月某院妇产科收诊的100例早发型重度子痫患者,观察组患者60例(单纯早发型重度子痫前期),对照组40例(高血压并发早发型重度子痫前期),观察及对比两组患者的期待治疗时间、并发症发生率及妊娠结局。结果:两组患者新生儿及胎死亡率无明显差异,P0.05;观察组患者中肺水肿、低蛋白血症、胎儿生长受限的发生率明显高于对照组,P0.05,差异显著;观察组患者期待治疗时间明显低于对照组,P0.05。结论:合理的药物及护理干预能有效地延长患者期待治疗时间及降低死亡率。     

早发型重度子痫前期患者37例的临床护理

<正>早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗的目的就是在保证母体安全的前提下尽可能提高胎儿生存能力,严密细致的护理对早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗成功至关重要。为此,回顾性分析我科37例早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床资料,目的是在探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗时的护理措施及妊娠结局,以最大限度地降低孕产妇并发症和围生儿病     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨期待治疗对早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床疗效,寻求最佳治疗时机与方式.方法 收集本院2012年1月至2015年12月入院的162例早发型重度子痫患者按发病孕龄分为A(＜28周)、B(28 ～ 31周)与C(32 ～ 34周)三组,所有患者均给予期待治疗,比较三组患者相关临床指标与母婴结局.结果 三组患者发病孕龄、治疗时间、妊娠终止孕龄、剖宫产率、宫内胎儿死亡与新生儿死亡率比较差异具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01);胎儿窘迫率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论 早发型重度子痫前期存在一定的不良母婴结局,应及时以剖宫产终止妊娠,尤其对于＜ 28周与28～31周患者,应积极给予期待治疗,延长孕周.     

早发型重度子痫前期28例临床分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期临床特点、保守治疗时间及妊娠结局.方法:回顾分析西安市红十字会医院妇产科2006年12月-2009年12月收治的28 例早发型重度子痫前期(≤32周)患者的临床资料,分别记录不同保守治疗时间及其严重并发症发生情况、胎儿及新生儿情况.将所有患者分为3组,A组10 例,治疗时间≤48 h;B组10 例,治疗时间为7～10 d;C组8 例,治疗时间≥14 d.结果:B组妊娠结局明显优于A组及C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).并发症发生率依次为胎盘早剥、肾衰竭、子痫.结论:早发型重度子痫前期,保守治疗需严密监测,适时终止妊娠,降低母儿病率及死亡率.     

早发型重度子痫前期48例临床分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期的治疗和母儿结局。方法对我院2002年6月-2007年6月收治的经保守治疗的48例早发型重度子痫前期患者进行回顾性分析,根据发病孕周不同分成三组,即A组8例（24—27^＋6周）,B组17例（28～31^＋6周）,C组23例（32～33^＋6周）。结果三组病例并发症发生率无显著差异,但三组间围生儿死亡率及新生儿窒息率有显著差异。结论早发型重度子痫前期新生儿窒息和围生儿死亡率随发病孕周延长而降低,应严格选择病例进行期待治疗,并严密监测母胎情况,适时选择合适的终止妊娠方式。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗及终止妊娠时机的探讨

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗和终止妊娠时机的选择及对母儿的影响.方法 对143例早发型重度子痫前期患者进行回顾性分析,按发病孕周将其分成A组(28～29 6周)、B组(30～31 6周)、C组(32～33 6周)3组,分析比较其终止妊娠的时机、方式、围生儿结局、产妇并发症情况.结果 (1)3组的期待治疗平均延长孕龄分别为(5.7±1.7)d、(13.1±5.9)d和(10.1±4.8)d,3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)期待治疗者的新生儿窒息率和NICU住院率均低于积极治疗组(P<0.05),期待治疗组的新生儿体重明显大于积极治疗组(P<0.01);(3)本研究无孕产妇死亡及后遗症发生.结论 对早发型重度子痫前期病例适当期待治疗是可行的,在保持母胎平衡的情况下,延长妊娠周能获得较好的围生儿结局.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.