表达丙型肝炎病毒NS3和Core融合蛋白基因的DNA疫苗免疫方案优化

目的 本研究旨在构建一种包含丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)保守区基因的新型DNA疫苗,并在小鼠模型中使用电转技术优化其免疫原性.方法 首先,我们构建了包含HCV非结构蛋白NS3和核心蛋白Core部分基因序列的DNA疫苗,并证实了其表达;然后采用不同的体内电转方式于第0、4周分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,比较分析不同免疫方案的体液免疫(特异性IgG与抗体亚类)与细胞免疫应答(IFN-γ ELISPOT)的效果.结果 使用电转技术可显著增强新型DNA疫苗免疫原性,采用皮内注射加卡钳电极电转的方式产生最强NS3特异性T细胞免疫反应.结论 包含HCV保守区基因的新型DNA疫苗可通过优化电转技术增强免疫应答效果.这为我们下一步优化HCV DNA疫苗的免疫方案提供了依据.     

HCVE2-gAD融合DNA疫苗的构建及其细胞免疫效果评价

目的 将丙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus,HCV）包膜糖蛋白E_2与脂联素球部结构域（gAD）进行基因融合后构建DNA疫苗,并通过免疫小鼠评价其所诱发的HCV E_2特异性细胞免疫应答.方法 根据E_2与gAD的基因序列设计引物,分别扩增出不含跨膜区的E_2基因和添加连接肽的gAD基因,再利用重叠PCR将二者融合,以pVRC为载体构建DNA疫苗质粒,经体外转染293T细胞并用Western Blot证实其表达后,采用皮内注射加卡钳电极电转的方式于0、3、6周免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞进行ELISPOT检测分析其所诱发的E_2特异性T细胞免疫应答水平.结果 成功构建了能有效表达E_2-gAD融合蛋白的新型DNA疫苗,经皮内电转方式免疫小鼠后可获得比单独E_2疫苗更强的HCV特异性T细胞免疫应答.结论 gAD基因的融入可在一定程度上增强疫苗的免疫原性,为新型HCV DNA疫苗的进一步发展和优化莫定基础.     

DNA疫苗诱导健康小鼠细胞免疫及HBV转基因小鼠抗-HBs产生

目的 :在HBVDNA疫苗成功地诱导健康小鼠体液免疫应答的基础上 ,探讨其作为抗 HBV治疗的可行性及作用机理。方法 :应用基因重组技术 ,构建编码HBV中蛋白 (preS2 +S)及人白细胞介素融合蛋白基因的真核表达质粒pS2 .S及pFP ,继经肌注免疫健康Balb C及HBV转基因 (Tg)小鼠并观察健康小鼠细胞免疫应答及HBVTg小鼠HBsAg的血清转换。结果 :1 体外HBsAg对DNA疫苗免疫后的T细胞的刺激呈浓度相关 ,HBsAg 30 μg ml时刺激pS2 .S免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖指数(5 6± 0 9)明显较pcDNA3 1组 (2 0± 0 5 )高。细胞培养上清液细胞因子水平检测结果 :免疫实验组IL 2及IFN γ的分泌水平明显较对照组高 ,而IL 4水平于各组影响不明显。 2 pS2 .S免疫小鼠局部引流淋巴结DCs诱导HBsAg致敏的T 细胞增殖指数(4 2 0 )较pcDNA3.1组 (2 5 5高 )。 3 高剂量的pS2 .S组与联合pFP组各有一只Tg小鼠分别于 2、4w开始发生HBsAg血清转换 ,且其抗体水平随时间而增长。结论 :结果表明HBVDNA疫苗能有效诱导HBsAg特异性的细胞免疫应答 ;HBV Tg小鼠初步实验结果为治疗型HBVDNA疫苗的深入研制提供了实验依据。     

抗旋毛虫病Ts87 DNA疫苗滴鼻初免—蛋白疫苗加强免疫策略增强免疫保护应答

为优化抗旋毛虫病核酸疫苗免疫策略,本文探讨了Ts87 DNA疫苗滴鼻初免与蛋白疫苗皮下注射加强免疫诱导产生的保护效果及免疫应答特征.分别在第0d以旋毛虫Ts87 DNA疫苗SL7207/pVAX1-Ts87滴鼻初免,第14/28 d以蛋白疫苗rTs87皮下注射加强免疫小鼠,在第35 d攻击感染旋毛虫肌幼虫,第84 d剖杀小鼠,计算减虫率观察免疫保护效果;进行小鼠血清中特异性IgG抗体效价、抗体亚型分析及肠道盥洗液sIgA水平分析,检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应、脾及颈部淋巴结细胞分泌细胞因子水平.结果显示,DNA疫苗滴鼻初免—重组蛋白加强的联合免疫组的保护作用优于单独DNA疫苗滴鼻及单独重组蛋白免疫组,显著提高了减虫率(46.1％);DNA疫苗滴鼻初免和蛋白疫苗加强免疫方式不仅诱导小鼠产生了粘膜免疫应答,同时也诱导了有效的细胞和体液免疫应答,其免疫应答类型是以Th2型为主的混合型Th1/Th2免疫反应.该研究为新型抗旋毛虫病疫苗接种策略的优化提供了实验依据.     

基因佐剂注射时相对HBV preS2S疫苗免疫作用的影响

目的：HBV preS2S基因疫苗接种不同时相应用佐剂peDNA3．1IL-2／Fc，观察其对诱导免疫反应效果的影响。方法：采用HBV preS2S DNA基因疫苗作为基础免疫，重组质粒peDNA3．1IL-2／Fc作为佐剂加强免疫，设计实验组与HBVpreS2S基因疫苗同时及在注射BALB／c小鼠后第3天加用佐剂，采用0、2、4周的方案接种，检测各次接种后抗体水平、免疫脾细胞的杀伤活性、增殖活性和细胞因子分泌水平。结果：HBV preS2S注射3天后应用佐剂的免疫小鼠，其抗体滴度、免疫脾细胞杀伤活性、增殖活性和Th1型细胞因子分泌水平均比同时免疫组、单独应用HBV preS2S组及空载体对照组明显增强。结论：预先接种疫苗后加用IL-2／Fc佐剂，能明显增强疫苗免疫效应。     

电转染技术结合初免后加强免疫策略增强结核杆菌核酸疫苗免疫原性的研究

目的研究电转染技术结合初免后加强免疫策略能否增强结核杆菌核酸疫苗的免疫原性。方法将编码结核杆菌的Ag85A和ESAT-6蛋白抗原的基因分别插入到质粒pVAX1载体中，构建成HG85和HG6两种核酸疫苗。每只BALB／c小鼠肌肉注射10μg核酸疫苗，同时于注射部位施加方型波电脉冲促进质粒DNA体内转染；进行3次初免，再用相应蛋白质抗原或卡介苗加强免疫。结果肌肉注射10μg核酸疫苗加电转染能诱导出与不用电转染接种100μg核酸疫苗相似或更强的抗体免疫应答。初免后采用相应蛋白加强后小鼠产生的免疫应答偏向于TH2型，血清特异性抗体的几何平均滴度比加强前提高5—76倍。而用卡介苗加强免疫，产生的免疫应答偏向TH1型。结论采用电转染技术结合蛋白质或卡介苗加强免疫策略，能显著增强结核杆菌核酸疫苗在动物体内的免疫原性。     

B7-2表达质粒对HBV DNA疫苗诱导的特异性免疫应答的影响

目的：探讨B7－2分子是否能够增强乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA疫苗诱导的特异性免疫应答。方法：将B7－2表达质粒与HBV DNA疫苗共接种于小鼠腓肠肌内，检测细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）活性，迟发性超敏反应（DTH）及抗－HBs滴度。结果：B7－2表达质粒与HBV DNA疫苗共接种组的DTH反应和CTL活性，明显强于单独接种HBV DNA疫苗组（P＜0．01）。两组的抗－HBs滴度差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：B7－2表达质粒与HBV DNA疫苗共接种可显著增强抗－HBV特异性细胞免疫应答（CMI）。     

疟疾DNA疫苗免疫接种方法对小鼠 体液免疫应答的影响

目的 探讨DNA疫苗免疫接种方法对抗体水平及辅助性T细胞极化的影响。方法 利用DNA重组技术构建恶性疟原虫红内期多表位DNA疫苗,通过基因枪、肌肉注射、皮内注射等接种方法免疫小鼠,经ELISA测定该疫苗诱导产生特异性抗体的总量、亚型及表位特异性,比较不同免疫接种方法对DNA疫苗诱导产生抗体及辅助性T细胞极化的影响。结果 接种DNA疫苗的小鼠经3次免疫后都产生了较高滴度的抗重组蛋白抗体。基因枪组单位DNA诱导抗体滴度是肌注组的120倍。基因枪组小鼠血清抗体以IgG1升高为主,而肌注和皮内注射组小鼠血清抗体均以IgG2a升高为主。各免疫接种组诱导产生的抗表位多肽抗体特异性相同。结论 不同免疫接种方法不但会影响血清总免疫球蛋白水平,还能使辅助性T细胞向不同方向极化。肌注和皮内注射诱导产生以IgG2a为主的TH1型免疫应答,基因枪接种诱导产生以IgG1为主的TH2型免疫应答。DN疫苗的摄取方式可明显影响辅助性T细胞的极化。     

抗HBV的治疗性双质粒DNA疫苗的构建及初步药效学研究

目的：构建抗乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的治疗性DNA疫苗并进行体外、体内鉴定。方法：采用PCR技术扩增含有HBV包膜中蛋白（preS2.S）抗原基因和hIL-2/hIFN-γ融合蛋白的基因,将目的基因分别亚克隆于pVAX1真核表达载体,并进行酶切和测序分析;转染双质粒于COS-7细胞检测基因及蛋白表达情况;利用Combinatotial Extension（CE）软件模建分析佐剂质粒表达融合蛋白的空间结构;双质粒联合在体电脉冲技术（EP）注射BALB/c小鼠以检测特异性的体液和细胞免疫应答。结果：经酶谱和测序分析表明,构建的双质粒pVAX1/S2.S（pS2.S）和pVAX1/IL-2IFN-γ（pIIF）的基因片段的方向、序列完全正确;ELISA法定量检测双质粒转染COS-7细胞后48小时目的基因（preS2.S和hIL-2/hIFN-γ）的蛋白表达水平较高,HBsAg、IL-2、IFN-γ的含量分别为45.1、10.03、11.5ng/ml;模拟空间结构分析表明佐剂质粒的融合蛋白中两细胞因子的活性部位均裸露在外;小鼠免疫试验结果表明,疫苗pS2.S能诱导健康小鼠的保护性抗-HBs的抗体产生,且具有剂量相关性;佐剂pIIF可显著增强疫苗pS2.S质粒的免疫效果;在EP辅助作用下,质粒pS2.S和pIIF共肌注BALB/c小鼠,低剂量就能诱导较强特异性的细胞和体液免疫。结论：成功构建了抗HBV的DNA疫苗pS2.S及佐剂pIIF质粒,并具有较特异的体内外活性。     

抗淋病LTB-PorB核酸疫苗与蛋白疫苗联合应用增强免疫应答的研究

目的:初步探讨抗淋病LTB-PorB核酸疫苗与蛋白疫苗联合免疫的免疫增强效应,为研制抗淋病疫苗提供实验依据。方法:大量制备核酸疫苗(pcDNA3.1(-)/ltB-porB)及重组蛋白疫苗(rLTB-PorB);通过鼻饲途径将核酸疫苗和蛋白疫苗采用核酸初免-蛋白加强(DNAprime-protein boost)联合免疫以及分别单独免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,同时设PBS及空质粒(pcDNA3.1(-))对照组,检测各组体液免疫和细胞免疫应答水平。结果:免疫后第56天,联合免疫组小鼠生殖道sIgAA450(1·083±0·179)、血清IgG A450(1.023±0.116)、脾淋巴细胞诱生的IL-4[(357.58±34.44)/pg/ml]和IFN-γ[(261.85±29.92)/pg/ml]水平均明显高于各对照组(P0.01),小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖率(SI:2.12±0.29)较对照组显著增高(P0.05);核酸疫苗组、蛋白疫苗组和联合免疫组血清IgG亚类IgG2a/IgG1比值分别为1.678、0.455和0.693。结论:LTB-PorB核酸疫苗和蛋白疫苗联合免疫组诱导的特异性体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答水平明显优于单独的核酸疫苗组和蛋白疫苗组,且以诱导Th2倾向性免疫应答为主。     

Enhanced effect of DNA immunization plus in vivo electroporation with a combination of hepatitis B virus core-PreS1 and S-PreS1 plasmids

To develop a novel, effective HBV therapeutic vaccine, we constructed two HBV DNA immunogens that contained PreS1, HBSS1, and HBCS1. Several delivery methods, such as intramuscular (i.m.) injection, intramuscular injection plus electroporation (i.m.-EP), and intradermal injection plus electroporation (i.d.-EP) were used in a murine model to analyze and compare the immune responses that were induced by the DNA immunogens. We found that i.d.-EP accelerated specific antibody seroconversion and produced high antibody (anti-PreS1, anti-S, and anti-C antibody) titers after HBSS1 and HBCS1 immunization. Combining the HBSS1 and HBCS1 DNA immunogens with i.d.-EP produced the strongest multiantigen (PreS1, S, and C)-specific cellular immune response and the highest specific PreS1 antibody levels. The results indicated that DNA immunization using HBSS1 and HBCS1 might be an ideal candidate, with its ability to elicit robust B and T cell immune responses against multiantigen when combined with optimized delivery technology. The present study provides a basis for the design and rational application of a novel HBV DNA vaccine.     

HBV核心与前S1融合蛋白疫苗对HBV转基因鼠的免疫治疗效果观察

目的　观察乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒核心与前S1融合蛋白疫苗 (HBVCS1)在HBV转基因小鼠中的免疫治疗效果。方法　 6只HBV转基因小鼠分成 2组 ,在 0周和 3周时实验组小鼠腹腔内注射HBVCS1与免疫佐剂 (弗氏完全佐剂 弗氏不完全佐剂 ) ,对照组仅注射弗氏完全佐剂与磷酸盐缓冲液PBS。采用 3H TdR掺入法检测转基因鼠脾淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应 ,以酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中的乙肝病毒表面抗原HBsAg,采用荧光定量PCR检测血清中的HBVDNA。结果　实验组 (1 99± 0 35 )转基因鼠脾细胞抗原特异性增殖反应明显高于对照组 (1 5 6± 0 15 ) ;实验组第 6周 (3 5 8±0 80 )与第 9周 (3 4 5± 0 70 )血清中HBsAg终点滴度与第 0周 (4 36± 1 0 4 )及第 3周 (4 81± 0 98)以及同一时间实验组与对照组之间HBsAg终点滴度均差异有显著意义 ;实验组小鼠第 6周 (4 0 2± 0 2 9)和第 9周 (3 5 8± 0 17)血清中HBVDNA含量明显低于免疫前 (5 5 5± 0 88) ,而对照组各批血清无此差别。结论　HBVCS1蛋白疫苗在HBV转基因小鼠中能诱导特异性免疫 ,并具有抑制HBVDNA复制和HBsAg表达的治疗效果     

Pre-clinical evaluation of a CEA DNA prime/protein boost vaccination strategy against colorectal cancer

In preparation for a clinical trial in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, a vaccination strategy targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated in mice using a GMP-produced plasmid DNA vaccine, CEA66, encoding a truncated form of the tumour-associated antigen, CEA. The GMP-produced CEA DNA vaccine was also evaluated for toxicity. Repeated intradermal administration of the GMP-produced vaccine using a novel needle-free jet injection device (Biojector) induced robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in mice, and did not result in any vaccine-related toxicity. In a heterologous DNA prime/protein boost setting, cellular immune responses were of higher magnitude in animals primed with CEA66 DNA than in animals receiving repeated doses of recombinant CEA protein. These responses were further enhanced if recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was given as an adjuvant prior to vaccination. In contrast to repeated administration of recombinant CEA protein as a single modality vaccine, the heterologous CEA66 DNA prime/rCEA boost vaccination strategy resulted in a qualitatively broader immune response, and supports clinical testing of this vaccination regimen in humans.     

IL-2／IFN-γ融合蛋白基因质粒联合HBVDNA疫苗治疗HBV转基因小鼠效果评价

目的评价融合蛋白基因质粒（pFP）联合在体电脉冲（EP）介导的HBVDNA疫苗（pS2．S）免疫HBV转基因（Tg）小鼠的治疗效果。方法HBVTg小鼠随机分成3组，每组5只，分别为pS2．S＋pFP、pS2．S＋pcDNA3．1免疫治疗和pcDNA3．1对照组。联合免疫质粒总剂量40μg／只，按1：1比例混合接种。初次免疫后第4、8周分别进行第一、二次增强免疫，免疫前后分别检测血清学、组织学及HBV特异性免疫应答。结果HBVDNA血清定量检测结果，pS2．S＋pFP组免疫第8周（13317±2539）拷贝／ml、第12周（6462±3359）拷贝／ml时分别较免疫前（36159±7769）拷贝／ml明显减低，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；pS2．S＋pcDNA3．1组第4周（20618±9523）拷贝／ml及第8周（23818±5319）拷贝／ml时均较其免疫前水平（36090±4421）拷贝／ml明显降低（P〈0．01），但不能持续到12周（27691＋13071）拷贝／ml。并明显高于此时pS2．S＋pFP组水平，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；观察终点（12周）pS2．S＋pFP组强小鼠个体血清HBVDNA及肝组织HBsAg表达水平降低的同时，伴随其血清ALT水平及HBsAg特异性IFN-γ分泌细胞数目的升高。结论，Th1类细胞因子IL-2／IFN-γ融合蛋白基因表达质粒能够增强HBVDNA疫苗抑制强鼠HBVDNA复制和表达的治疗作用。     

表达HIV-1 B亚型env基因的质粒DNA及腺病毒载体疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的 构建表达中国B亚型HIV-1流行株env基因的DNA及重组腺病毒载体疫苗,将其用于预防或治疗HIV感染.方法 构建质粒DNA疫苗pVR-gp160及重组腺病毒载体疫苗rAdV-gp160.将这两种疫苗以不同的方式免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别采用ELISPOT方法 和ELISA方法 检测免疫小鼠中HIV-1 Gp120特异性细胞免疫反应及抗体反应.结果 DNA疫苗单独免疫及DNA疫苗初免/腺病毒疫苗加强免疫的联合免疫方案皆可诱导较高水平的Gp120特异性细胞免疫反应;而在体液免疫方面,各实验组产生的Gp120特异性抗体水平都较低.结论 所构建的DNA疫苗及rAdV疫苗能有效表达Gp160蛋白,并可有效激活机体的细胞免疫反应.     

A novel HBV DNA vaccine based on T cell epitopes and its potential therapeutic effect in HBV transgenic mice

DNA vaccination represents a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recently, some HBV DNA vaccines have been used in the preliminary clinical trials and exhibited exciting results in chronic HBV carriers. But these vaccines only encoded the single viral antigen, the S or the PreS2/S antigen. In this study, we designed a polytope DNA vaccine encoding multiple T cell epitopes. We found that it induced stronger CTL responses than the vaccine encoding the single antigen in H-2d and H-2b mice, although the CTL response to Ld-restricted epitope suppressed the CTLs to other epitopes in H-2d-restricted mice. Interestingly, heat shock protein 70 as an adjuvant not only enhanced CTL response to the viral antigen but also overcame this epitope suppression. Furthermore, the polytope DNA vaccine resulted in a long-term down-regulation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and inhibition of HBV DNA replication in a HBV transgenic mouse model. Therefore, our research indicates that it is practicable and feasible to design a polytope DNA vaccine for chronic hepatitis B immunotherapy.     

GM—CSF促进乙肝病毒基因疫苗诱导的抗体产生

将构建的编码乙肝病毒PreS2+S蛋白的真核表达质粒注射于C57BL/6小鼠胫前肌内,3d后,在同一部位注射rhGM-CSF。基因疫苗接种2周后,血清中可测到抗-HBs,两月后,抗体水平达到高峰,并保持高水平至少2月以上;肌内注射GM-CSF可提高血清抗-HBs水平,提示GM-CSF可作为基因疫苗的佐剂。     

Preclinical evaluation of cellular immune responses elicited by a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost HIV-1 vaccine

While DNA vaccines have been shown to prime cellular immune responses, levels are often low in nonhuman primates or humans. Hence, efforts have been directed toward boosting responses by combining DNA with different vaccination modalities. To this end, a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost vaccine, consisting of codon optimized HIV-1 env (A, B, C, E) and gag (C) and homologous gp120 proteins in QS-21, was evaluated in rhesus macaques and BALB/c mice. Humoral and cellular responses, detected following DNA immunization, were increased following protein boost in macaques and mice. In dissecting cellular immune responses in mice, protein-enhanced responses were found to be mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a Th1 cytokine bias. Our study reveals that, in addition to augmenting humoral responses, protein boosting of DNA-primed animals augments cellular immune responses mediated by CD8+ CTL, CD4+ T-helper cells and Th1 cytokines; thus, offering much promise in controlling HIV-1 in vaccinees.     

A chimeric multi-epitope DNA vaccine elicited specific antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus which attenuated the virulence of SARS-CoV in vitro

Epitope-based vaccines designed to induce antibody responses specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are being developed as a means for increasing vaccine potency. In this study, we identified four B cell epitopes from the spike (S) and membrane (M) protein through bioinformatics analysis and constructed a multi-epitope DNA vaccine. Intramuscular immunization of mice with this vaccine was sufficient to induce specific prime as well as a long-term memory humoral immune response to at least two candidate epitopes, S(437-459) and M(1-20). A DNA prime-protein boost strategy greatly enhanced the antibody generation and the immune sera not only reacted with the lysates of SARS-CoV-infected Vero cells but also neutralized the cytopathic effect of SARS by 75% at 1:160 dilution. The novel immunogenic S protein peptide revealed in this study provides new target for SARS vaccine design; and our work indicated multi-epitope DNA vaccine as an effective means for eliciting polyvalent humoral immune response against SARS-CoV.