桡动脉搏动图测量左室收缩时间间期的初步探讨

应用ＣＴＨ－Ⅱ型心功能微机检测仪和ＳＴＩ软件研究了７０例受试者桡动脉搏动图（ＲＰＴ）．用以测量ＳＴＩ参数，并与经典的ＣＰＴ法进行了比较。结果显示，两方法相关系数γ为０．５６与０，８５，Ｐ＜０．００５。在变异方面未表明ＣＰＴ优越。而ＲＰＴ曲线便于获得，故在某些情况下ＲＰＴ可以取代ＣＰＴ用于ＳＴＩ测量。但两方法测得的ＬＶＥＴ、ＰＥＰ、ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ有显著性差异，我们认为ＲＰＴ测量ＳＴＩ应另行制订正常参考值。     

左室舒张性心功能障碍超声左心形态、功能及运动耐量的改变50例分析

对核素心血池扫描证实的５０例左室舒张性心功能障碍（ＬＶＤＤ）病例、２６例左室收缩性心功能障碍（ＬＶＳＨＦ）病例进行Ｍ型、二维、多普勒超声心动图及活动平板运动试验检测，并以２０例正常人为对照组（ＣＧ）。结果表明：（１）左心形态学改变：与ＬＶＳＨＦ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组左房内径（ＬＡＤ）、左室内径（ＬＶＤ）无明显增加，室间隔厚度（ＩＶＳＴ）、左室后壁厚度（ＰＷＴ）增加。与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组ＬＡＤ、ＩＶＳＴ、ＰＷＴ增加，但ＬＶＤ差异无显著性。（２）ＬＶＤＤ组收缩功能指标：左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、心脏指数（ＣＩ）与ＣＧ组比较差异无显著性，ＬＶＳＨＦ组与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＳＨＦ组ＬＶＥＦ、ＣＩ减低。与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组左室舒张功能指标：二尖瓣舒张早期流速峰值（ＥＰＦＶ）、二尖瓣舒张早、晚期流速峰值比（Ｅ／Ａ）、舒张早期减速度（ＤＣ）比ＣＧ组减低，二尖瓣舒张晚期流速峰值（ＡＰＦＶ）、等容舒张时间（ＩＲＴ）较ＣＧ组增高。ＬＶＤＤ组各左室舒张功能指标与ＬＶＳＨＦ组差异无显著性。（３）ＬＶＤＤ组运动时间、运动当量显著低于ＣＧ组，但高于ＬＶＳＨＦ组。     

心脏收缩时间间期对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后晕厥心肌估价的探讨

动态观察１４例经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）病人手术前后心脏收缩时间间期（ＳＴＩ）变化，估价ＳＴＩ改变时判断晕厥心肌的价值。结果显示:ＰＴＣＡ后３～５ｄ，ＳＴＩ评价左心功能较为敏感的指标射血前时间／左室射血时间（ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ）比值，由０．３８６±０．６００增加至０．４６０±０．０７０；至７～８ｄ恢复至术前水平。与同期测定的超声心动图左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）相比，变化趋势一致。提示ＰＴＣＡ后，系列测定ＳＴＩ，可动态反映左心功能变化。ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ比值改变可作为判断晕厥心肌恢复的指标之一。     

日本血吸虫(中国大陆株)表达基因的分离和EST序列测定

目的 运用表达标签技术（ＥＳＴ方法）,从ＳｊｃＤＮＡ文库中分离、鉴定血吸虫表达基因序列。方法 应用ＥＳＴ方法,人ＳｊｃＤＮＡ文库中随机挑出单个重组克陲 ＰＣＲ直接序列分析,通过互联网将获得的ＥＳＴ序列送入ＮＣＢＩＧｅｎＢａｎｋ进行同源性检素,并将发现的未知基因ＥＳＴ序列送入ＮＣＢＩｄｂＥＳＴ以获得ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ进入号。结果 分离了１００个ＳｊＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中已知的血吸虫基因序列,１９个为未知基因序     

现场应用6种血清学方法诊断血吸虫病的比较

为探讨现场应用盐析浓缩血清双面胶纸条法ＣＯＰＴ（ＳＣＳ·ＤＧＳ－ＣＯＰＴ）、三联抗原酶免疫染色试验（ＴＡ－ＩＥＳＴ）、免疫酶染色试验（ＩＥＳＴ）、间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）、快速酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｆ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和单克隆抗体斑点酶联试验（ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳ...     

乙酰胆碱对犬冠状动脉循环和心电活动的影响

本研究对２２条犬，在建立颈总动脉向左冠脉回旋支（ＬＣＸ）供血的模型基础上，进行刺激右侧迷走神经（ＲＶ）。ＬＣＸ内注射乙酰胆硷（Ａｃｈ）、硝酸甘油（ＮＧ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）等实验，观察冠脉灌注压（ＣＰＰ）、冠脉平均血流量（ＣＢＦ）及ＥＣＧ的变化。结果表明:刺激ＲＶ和冠脉（ＣＡ）内注射Ａｃｈ对心脏频率、传导和心肌收缩力的抑制作用，随刺激强度和注射剂量的增加而加强；小剂量ＮＧ可直接扩张ＣＡ，使ＣＢＦ增加，大剂量Ａｃｈ可能诱发ＣＡ痉挛和严重心律失常，并使ＣＰＰ和ＣＢＦ降低。     

108例急性砷中毒患者的心电图分析

１９９２年郑州发生了７００余例急性砷中毒，对我院收治的１０８例患者于中毒初期全部描记了ＥＣＧ并作动态观察。７１例（６５．７％）出现ＳＴ－Ｔ改变，主要是Ｔ波异常，呈倒置、双峰、平顶和低平及Ｑ－Ｔｃ延长，严重者有ＳＴ段压低（０．０５～０．２０ｍｖ）其中２７例（２５％）ＥＣＣ诊断“心肌受损”。ＥＣＧ异常改变程度与同期尿砷含量测量结果呈线性相关（ｒ＝０．６１７．Ｐ＜０．０１）．Ｔ波改变没有区域性特征。ＥＣＧ诊断低血钾１３例。与心肌受损并存者仅４例，与同期血清钾测定结果基本吻合，而与同期尿砷含量测定结果相关性不显著。提示及时全面描记ＥＣＣ和动态观察能为急性砷中毒的抢救治疗提供重要参考依据。     

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1和T1空白基因型与肝癌遗传易感性的研究

目的谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶Ｍ１和Ｔ１（ＧＳＴＭ１和ＧＳＴＴ１）空白基因型与肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法应用多重ＰＣＲ技术检测６３例肝癌患者和８８例健康对照的ＧＳＴＭ１和ＧＳＴＴ１空白基因型。结果病例组ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型的频率为５７．１％，对照组则为４２．０％，二者差异无显著性（χ２＝３．３５，Ｐ＝０．０６７），处于临界水平。ＯＲ值为１．８４（９５％ＣＩ＝０．９１～３．７３）。病例组ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型的频率为８７．３％，对照组则为６２．５％，二者差异有非常显著性（χ２＝１１．４２，Ｐ＝０．０００７２７４），ＯＲ值为４．１３（９５％ＣＩ＝１．６４～１０．７０）。叉生分析表明，ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型与肝癌的关联大于ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型，两因素在肝癌发生中存在协同作用。结论具有ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型和ＧＳＴＴ１非空白基因型的个体，患肝癌的危险性增加。     

急性心肌梗死心电图对判断梗死相关动脉的研究

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）早期心电图（ＥＣＧ）ＳＴ在不同导联的改变对梗死部位相关动脉（ＩＲＡ）的诊断价值。方法 将２１例ＡＭＩ的早期ＥＣＧ与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果 ①胸前导联ＳＴ段抬高是左前降支（ＬＡＤ）梗死最常见的表现。ＳＴａＶＬ和／或Ｖ１－４抬高诊断的敏感怀均为８３％，特异性分别为１００％、９３％，阳性预测值分别为１００％、８３％。②ＳＴⅡ／Ⅲ〉１，ＳＴ１等电线＋Ｖ１－２压低     

多重聚合酶链反应检测产毒性大肠杆菌三种毒力基因

目的提高普通的单基因聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测产毒性大肠杆菌（ＥＴＥＣ）的时效。方法以ＥＴＥＣ４４８１３（ＳＴｐ＋）、ＥＴＥＣ１９４４９（ＳＴｈ＋）和ＥＴＥＣ４４８１５（ＬＴ＋）三个标准株为模板,建立了检测产毒性大肠杆菌多重ＰＣＲ扩增系统。结果杂交工程株Ｈ１０９０７（ＳＴｐ＋）,ＰＳＬＭ００４（ＳＴｈ＋）和ＰＭＭ０３０（ＬＴ＋）,杂交的结果都是阳性,５４株菌株经ＰＣＲ检测,其中ＬＴ＋８株、ＳＴｐ＋２株、ＳＴｈ＋７株、ＬＴ＋＋ＳＴｐ＋１０株、ＬＴ＋＋ＳＴｈ＋１０株、ＳＴｐ＋＋ＳＴｈ＋４株和ＬＴ＋＋ＳＴｐ＋＋ＳＴｈ＋１３株。结论用一次ＰＣＲ扩增可检测和鉴别ＥＴＥＣ,比单基因ＰＣＲ更加快速、经济。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.