肺炎链球菌假想蛋白SPD0414的表达纯化及保守性分析

目的:获得纯化的肺炎链球菌(S.pn)重组假想蛋白SPD0414,并分析其在常见S.pn菌株中的保守性。方法:利用PCR方法扩增SPD0414蛋白胞外区核酸序列,将其克隆到原核表达载体ppSUMO内,转化到E.coliBL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达后Ni-NTA树脂纯化重组蛋白。用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定蛋白特异性及纯度。通过纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备其多克隆抗体,并用间接ELISA检测多克隆抗体的效价,Western blot方法分析多克隆抗体的特异性,同时,鉴定该蛋白在6种常见肺炎链球菌分离株的保守性。结果:克隆的SPD0414序列与Gene Bank中的数据相符,并实现了重组SPD0414蛋白高水平的可溶表达纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠获得高滴度、高特异性的的多克隆抗体,Western blot验证SPD0414蛋白在6株常见肺炎链球菌菌株中均有表达。结论:成功制备了高滴度、高特异性的SPD0414多克隆抗体,证实了SPD0414在肺炎链球菌不同菌株间保守性较高,为肺炎链球菌多肽联合疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

肺炎链球菌候选疫苗蛋白SPD0295的重组表达及免疫活性分析

目的评价磷酸烯醇丙酮酸依赖的磷酸酶转移系统(phosphotrans-ferase system,PTS)SPD0295蛋白作为候选疫苗的免疫活性,分析其在不同血清型肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,S.pn)中的表达情况。方法以S.pn中D39血清型基因组DNA为模板扩增spd0295基因序列,IPTG诱导表达含6×His标签的SPD0295重组蛋白,经Ni-NTA树脂纯化后获得高纯度的目的蛋白;序列比对分析不同血清型S.pn的spd0295基因保守性;SPD0295蛋白与Alum佐剂混合经腹腔注射免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多抗,ELISA法检测其抗体效价,Western blot技术分析抗体的特异性,同时分析该蛋白在7株常见肺炎链球菌中的表达水平。结果spd0295基因在7株不同血清型S.pn中与D39菌株基因序列一致性大于99%;重组蛋白SPD0295免疫小鼠后获得高滴度、高特异性的多克隆抗体;Western blot技术验证了SPD0295蛋白在7株常见肺炎链球菌株中均有表达;黏附抑制试验表明SPD0295蛋白及其抗血清均可抑制细菌的黏附效应。结论 SPD0295蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠可获得的多克隆抗体具有良好的免疫活性,且在不同血清型S.pn菌株中均有表达,保守性强,是1个潜在的S.pn候选疫苗蛋白。     

肺炎链球菌假想蛋白SPD0873的表达纯化及保守性分析

目的 通过构建原核表达载体,获得纯化的肺炎链球菌S.pn重组假想蛋白SPD0873,并制备多克隆抗体,进一步分析其在常见S.pn菌株中的保守性.方法 分离培养D39型肺炎链球菌,获取其基因组DNA.利用PCR方法扩增去除信号肽的spd0873序列,采用基因体外重组法将spd0873序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-32(a)内,测序鉴定.将重组质粒转化到E.coli Rossetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导大量表达融合6个组氨酸标签的SPD0873重组蛋白,经Ni-NTA树脂纯化后,获得的重组蛋白用SDS-PAGE和Western 印迹鉴定;将鉴定后纯化的蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠制备多克隆抗体,并用间接ELISA检测多克隆抗体的效价,Western 印迹方法分析多克隆抗体的特异性,同时,鉴定该蛋白在5种常见肺炎链球菌分离株的保守性.结果 克隆的spd0873序列与GenBank中的数据相符,并实现了SPD0873蛋白高水平的可溶表达.纯化蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠获得高滴度、高特异性的的多克隆抗体,Western 印迹验证SPD0873蛋白在5株常见肺炎链球菌菌株中均有表达.结论 成功制备了高滴度、高特异性的SPD0873蛋白多克隆抗体,同时,检测到SPD0873蛋白在5种常见的肺炎链球菌菌株中非常保守,为研究该蛋白的生物学功能及肺炎链球菌多肽联合疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

肺炎衣原体感染对血管平滑肌细胞黏附和迁移的影响

目的:观察肺炎衣原体(C.pn)感染对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)黏附和迁移的影响。方法:C.pn在人喉癌细胞系HEp-2细胞中增殖培养后感染大鼠VSMCs,吖啶橙(AO)荧光染色观察细胞内C.pn包涵体的形态特点;聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测C.pn特异性DNA片段;细胞黏附实验观察C.pn感染对VSMCs黏附能力的影响;wound-healing assay和Transwell assay检测C.pn感染VSMCs后细胞迁移能力的改变。结果:C.pn感染VSMCs后,少数细胞内出现空泡状结构即包涵体,但在多数细胞内以点状感染灶形式存在,包涵体较大,但数量较少。利用PCR可在感染的VSMCs内检测到437 bp的C.pn特异性DNA片段。细胞黏附实验结果显示,C.pn感染VSMCs 2 h后,细胞黏附能力明显增强,其吸光度值明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),细胞黏附率为134.38%。Wound-healing assay结果显示,C.pn感染VSMCs 24 h后,细胞向划痕中央迁移的距离明显大于正常对照组(P0.05)。Transwell assay结果显示,C.pn感染VSMCs 24 h后,C.pn感染组的细胞迁移数明显多于正常对照组(P0.01)。结论:C.pn感染能够显著增强VSMCs的黏附和迁移能力。     

SPD1672蛋白对肺炎链球菌磷壁酸合成和细菌增殖的影响

目的鉴定SPD1672基因在肺炎链球菌细胞壁多糖合成及增殖中的作用。方法通过生物信息学分析SPD1672蛋白可能的生物学功能,用替代失活法在肺炎链球菌D39菌株和R6菌株中敲除该基因,用电子显微镜观察基因缺失菌株与野生菌株荚膜厚度,Western blot检测磷壁酸合成量,最后以吸光度法测定肺炎链球菌体外增殖能力。结果成功构建SPD1672基因缺失菌;SPD1672基因缺失菌株与野生菌株相比,荚膜厚度无差异;而缺陷菌株的C反应蛋白结合量较野生菌显著减少(P0.01),其磷壁酸含量也较野生菌显著下降。此外,SPD1672基因缺失菌体外增殖较野生菌缓慢(P0.05)。结论 SPD1672蛋白影响肺炎链球菌磷壁酸合成和体外增殖能力,是肺炎链球菌的一种新毒力因子。     

肺炎链球菌在体外触发人肺Ⅱ型上皮细胞F-actin细胞骨架重排

目的　通过体外实验研究肺炎链球菌 (Streptococcuspneumoniae ,S .pn)侵袭A54 9细胞和微丝肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排之间的关系。方法　采用F actin特异性FITC phalloidin荧光染料 ,观察S .pn作用于A54 9细胞前后的F actin细胞骨架重排情况 ;用F actin细胞骨架重排抑制剂———细胞松弛素D预处理A54 9细胞 ,观察S .pn对A54 9细胞的侵袭率 ;分别使用PLC、TPK信号转导抑制剂U7312 2、Genistein处理因素预处理A54 9细胞 ,观察其与F actin细胞骨架重排的关系。结果　S .pn作用A54 9细胞后 ,F actin细胞骨架呈块状、丝状聚集 ;F actin细胞骨架重排抑制剂细胞松弛素D可明显降低S .pn对A54 9细胞的侵袭率 ,在其浓度为 0 .2 5 μg ml时 ,未得到可测的细菌数 ;PLC(磷脂酶C)、TPK(酪氨酸蛋白激酶 )信号转导途径抑制剂可部分抑制A54 9细胞F actin细胞骨架重排 ,其相关系数分别为 :rPLC =- 0 .88(P <0 .0 5 ) ;rTPK =- 0 .91(P <0 .0 5 )。S .pn细胞壁作用A54 9细胞后 ,F actin细胞骨架呈块状、丝状聚集 ,二者间存在剂量依赖关系。结论　S .pn可通过PLC、TPK细胞信号转导途径触发A54 9细胞F actin细胞骨架重排 ,进而导致S .pn侵袭A54 9细胞。     

肺炎链球菌溶血素黏膜免疫抗定植保护作用的研究

目的 原核表达ΔA146 Ply蛋白,评价ΔA146 Ply黏膜免疫对肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,S.pn)在宿主鼻咽部定植的保护作用.方法 IPTG诱导、Ni-NTA树脂纯化获得纯化的ΔA146 Ply蛋白,经黏膜免疫BALB/C小鼠,制备其特异性抗血清;进行体内抗定植实验,观察小鼠...     

肺炎衣原体通过下调ABCA1和ABCG1诱导THP-1源性泡沫细胞形成

目的:观察ATP结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)和ABCG1在肺炎衣原体(C.pn)诱导THP-1源性泡沫细胞形成中的作用,以初步探讨C.pn诱导泡沫细胞形成的分子机制.方法:C.pn在Hep-2细胞内增殖,将不同浓度的C.pn(1×105 ～1×106 IFU)分别感染THP-1单核细胞源性巨噬细胞0～72小时,运用油红O染色观察细胞浆内脂滴的变化,用酶荧光学法检测细胞内胆固醇酯含量的变化,分别运用RT-PCR和Western blot检测ABCA1、ABCG1 mRNA和蛋白表达.结果:高浓度的C.pn(5×105和1×106 IFU)感染THP-1单核细胞源性巨噬细胞48小时后,细胞浆内的脂滴明显增多,胆固醇酯与总胆固醇的比值明显增加(＞50%).C.pn感染呈浓度和时间依赖性地下调ABCA1、ABCG1 mRNA和蛋白表达(P＜0.05).结论:ABCA1和ABCG1表达下调是C.pn诱导THP-1源性泡沫细胞形成的机制之一,这可能为C.pn感染致动脉粥样硬化发病机制的研究提供一个新的理论依据.     

肺炎链球菌感受态的形成影响毒力因子mRNA的表达

目的：通过体外实验诱导的转化过程，探索肺炎链球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae,S.pn)毒力因子的表达是否与环境诱导细菌感受态形成与转化有关。方法：采用插入失活的方式断裂S.pn感受态形成的关键基因comE，获得感受态缺陷菌株。以实时定量RT－PCR测定毒力因子在感受态缺陷菌与野生菌的表达是否存在差异。所测毒力因子有自溶酶、溶血素、胆碱结合蛋白、S-IgA、神经氨酸酶、透明质酸酶。结果：S.pn在540nm处吸光度（A）值＝0.044－0.127之间产生感受态。自溶酶、神经氨酸酶、透明质酸酶3种毒力因子的表达，野生菌组表达高于缺陷菌组，两均数间比较的t值分别为2．96（P＜0．05）、2．8（P＜0．05）、4．56（P＜0．05）。结论：细菌感受态能启动自溶酶、神经氨酸酶、透明质酸酶3种毒力因子的表达，提示S.pn的感受态能影响其毒力因子的表达。     

肺炎链球菌的转化缺陷导致细菌毒力减弱

的探讨肺炎链球菌的自然转化与其条件致病的关系。方法采用插入失活的方法制备肺炎链球菌的转化缺陷菌株，通过黏附实验和小鼠毒力实验观察它们毒力的变化，应用RT-PCR测定黏附因子PsaA在野生和缺陷菌株中的表达。结果实验获得了3株肺炎链球菌(1、2和22)的转化缺陷菌株(1d、2d和22d)。毒力研究发现转化缺陷菌株对ECV 304细胞的黏附能力显著弱于相应的野生菌株，1和2株肺炎链球菌腹腔感染BALB／c小鼠的能力显著强于相应的转化缺陷菌株；研究还发现PsaA基因在2和22株肺炎链球菌中的表达量显著高于其缺陷菌株。结论肺炎链球菌具有自然转化的能力有助于其毒力的表现，且可能通过黏附因子PsaA等相关毒力因子表达增加而增强其毒力。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...