儿童行为问题与儿童被忽视、心理弹性的关系

目的探析儿童行为问题与儿童被忽视、心理弹性的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取某县430名小学生为研究对象,采用《Rutter儿童行为问卷(父母版)》、《儿童被忽视量表》(CNS)、《青少年心理弹性量表》(RSCA)分别测查儿童问题行为、儿童被忽视程度以及儿童心理弹性能力。结果儿童行为问题的检出率为25.2%。Rutter总分与安全忽视、交流忽视、躯体忽视、情感忽视呈显著正相关(r=0.163～0.350),与情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助呈显著负相关(r=-0.243～-0.134)。结论儿童行为问题与儿童被忽视、心理弹性密切相关,尊重儿童、同时培养其抗压能力可能会减少行为问题的发生。     

心理干预对儿童自身免疫性脑炎患儿身心及智力的影响

目的 探讨对儿童自身免疫性脑炎患儿进行心理干预的效果及对患儿身心、智力的影响.方法 本文将2017年2月～2020年2月收治的儿童自身免疫性脑炎患儿60例作为研究对象,对所有患儿随机分组,对照组30例患儿以常规护理进行干预,观察组30例患儿则加用心理干预,电话随访干预6个月之后,统计分析干预前后两组患儿的发育水平、PD...     

高铅血症对4～6岁儿童神经行为发展的影响

目的观察和分析高铅血症对4~6岁儿童神经行为发展的影响。方法选取100例4~6岁高铅血症儿童为观察组,选取100例4~6岁正常血铅儿童为对照组,应用Achenbach儿童行为量表和多功能心理生理能力测试仪对2组儿童的行为问题和神经心理功能进行检测和比较。结果观察组儿童的社会退缩、忧郁、攻击性、多动、违纪等行为因子得分及行为问题总分均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组儿童的视觉选择反应时、视觉注意分配、听觉注意分配正确次数和左右手交叉和左右脚交叉的动作能力均显著低于对照组(P0.05),其平均时间均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 4~6岁高铅血症儿童具有明显的行为问题和神经心理能力下降,应加强健康教育和铅中毒相关知识培训,积极降低儿童高铅血症的发病率。     

儿童青少年情绪、行为问题及相关因素的概述

行为、情绪问题发生的高危青少年时期是心理、生理发育的关键时期，也是心理冲突的阶段。青少年情绪、行为问题的发生受生理、心理和社会多种因素的影响。生活事件是个体在社会生活中所经历的各种紧张性刺激，自20世纪30年代以来，生活事件对心身健康的影响作用一直受到人们的关注；已有不少学者对青少年情绪、行为问题与生活事件的关系进行了探讨，     

行为动力干预对肝癌患者心理行为矛盾、医嘱依从性及生活质量的影响

目的探讨行为动力干预对肝癌患者心理行为矛盾、医嘱依从性及生活质量的影响。方法统计分析我院2014年7月至2014年9月收治的80例肝癌患者的临床资料。结果研究组患者的医嘱依从性95.0%(38/40)显著高于对照组75.0%(30/40)(P0.05),并发症发生率17.5%(7/40)显著低于对照组57.5%(23/40)(P0.05),心理健康、情绪角色、躯体功能、疼痛、躯体角色、社会功能、生命活力、总健康评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论行为动力干预能够对肝癌患者的心理行为矛盾进行有效缓解,促进患者的医嘱依从性、生活质量的提高。     

心理-行为双维度诱导对行纤维支气管镜检查的儿童的影响

目的 探讨心理-行为双维度诱导对儿童纤维支气管镜检查依从性及不良情绪的影响。方法 选取2021年1月～2021年11月80例进行纤维支气管镜检查的患儿为研究对象,数字表法随机均分为对照组与观察组,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予心理-行为双维度诱导。比较两组患儿护理前后儿童医疗恐惧量表（CMFS）、儿童焦虑性自评表（SCARED）等不良情绪、检查依从性以及家长满意度。结果 两组护理后CMFS评分、SCARED评分均显著下降,且护理后观察组两项评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组检查依从率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组家长满意度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 心理-行为双维度诱导能提高儿童纤维支气管镜检查的依从性以及家长满意度,降低检查前的恐惧、焦虑等不良情绪。     

重组人干扰素α-2b栓联合心理行为干预对慢性宫颈炎患者血清炎性因子、免疫功能及负性情绪的影响

目的 探究重组人干扰素α-2b栓联合心理行为干预对慢性宫颈炎患者血清炎性因子、免疫功能及负面情绪的影响.方法 选取我科2017年4月～2019年12月期间105例慢性宫颈炎患者,根据随机数字表法分组.对照组52例给予微波治疗联合心理行为干预,观察组53例增加重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗,观察两组患者的临床疗效;血清炎性因子水平、免疫功能、负性情绪及不良反应.结果 治疗后观察组白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均低于对照组,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、自然杀伤T细胞(NKTs)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平、总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组不良反应发生率9.43％,与对照组的7.69％相比无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 重组人干扰素α-2b栓联合心理行为干预对慢性宫颈炎患者治疗,可降低患者炎症因子水平和负性情绪,促进免疫功能恢复,提升临床疗效,药物安全性高.     

行为阶段-交谈对应式心理引导对烧伤合并吸入性肺损伤患者的自我意识及认知水平的影响

目的 探究大面积烧伤合并延误吸入性肺损伤患者应用行为阶段-交谈方式对应心理指导的价值。方法 将本科大面积烧伤合并延误吸入性肺损伤患者91例以随机抽签法分组,对照组45例给予激励式护理干预,观察组46例在此基础上联合行为阶段-交谈对应式心理引导,对比两组患者的疗效、自我意识、认知水平、心理弹性。结果 干预后,观察组总有效率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组自尊量表（SES）、自我和谐量表（SCCS）评分水平较对照组高（P<0.05）;烧伤知识、个人信念和行为水平均较对照组高（P<0.05）;乐观、自强、坚韧水平相较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论 大面积烧伤伴烟雾吸入性肺损伤患者应用行为阶段-交谈方式对应式心理引导提高认知水平、自我意识及心理弹性,未受烧伤因素影响。     

心理行为治疗对脑卒中患者临床疗效及生活质量影响的研究

目的 观察心理行为治疗对脑卒中患者的临床疗效及生活质量的影响.方法 120例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者接受常规治疗、护理及康复训练,治疗组在对照组基础上进行心理行为干预治疗4周.治疗前及治疗后4周2组分别进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)评定、Fugl-Meger评分、FMA评定运动功能康复情况和Barthel指数评定日常生活活动能力.结果 治疗组SCL-90在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁焦虑、恐怖因子上得分明显,生活质量综合评定中社会功能维度、心理健康维度、躯体健康维度、总体生活功能维度得分高于对照组(P<0.05).Fugl-Meger评分、Barthel指数评分、FCA运动功能、FCA认识功能明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 心理行为治疗能明显提高脑卒中患者的临床疗效,改善心理健康,提高生活质量.     

厦门地区6～16岁城乡儿童智力水平及结构特征

目的 研究厦门地区6～16岁城乡儿童的智力水平及结构特征差异.方法 采用分层随机抽样法,对厦门地区6～16岁城乡儿童进行随机抽样,共计纳入233人,采用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-Ⅳ)中文版进行智力测量并分析测验结果.结果 城乡两组儿童智力水平分布的总体差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在总智商、各合成指数及除图画概念外各分测验的得分比较中,城市儿童高于农村儿童(P＜0.05);在总智商、除知觉推理、加工速度外的各合成指数及类同、背数、词汇、字母数字、矩阵推理、理解分测验得分比较中,城市男童高于农村男童(P＜0.05);在加工速度指数及译码、理解分测验得分比较中,城市女童高于农村女童(P＜0.05).结论 厦门地区6～16岁城乡儿童在智力水平及智力结构上存在差异,具有城市优于农村的趋势.     

河南苍台镇儿童注意和破坏性行为障碍调查

目的:探讨农村儿童注意和破坏性行为障碍(ADBD)的发生状况及特征.方法:用量表对1 550名儿童进行筛查,阳性者进行当面会谈,按美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断出注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)、对立违抗性障碍(ODD)及品行障碍(CD)儿童;同时随机抽查相匹配的正常儿童作为对照,比较一般人口学资料表.结果:ADB...     

血糖水平与部分前循环梗死预后关系

目的探讨急性期血糖水平与部分前循环梗死严重程度及近期预后的相关性。方法选择部分前循环梗死患者80例,根据有无糖尿病史、糖化血红蛋白及入院24h内的血糖水平分组,血糖正常组(n=20),应激性高血糖组(n=34),糖尿病组(n=26)。3组患者于入院即时及治疗12d均用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)及改良Rankin量表(MRS)进行神经功能缺损程度及致残程度评估。结果 (1)应激性高血糖组和糖尿病组入院NIHSS评分更高(P0.05);(2)血糖正常组和应激性高血糖组治疗12d的NIHSS、MRS评分低于糖尿病组(P0.05);(3)血糖正常组的治疗效果较应激性高血糖组及糖尿病组好(P0.05)。结论合并高血糖状态的部分前循环梗死患者于急性期神经功能缺损程度更重,糖尿病伴前循环梗死的近期预后较差。     

急性颅脑损伤患者血糖水平与预后的关系探讨

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤患者血糖水平的变化与颅脑损伤程度及预后的关系。方法 118例急性颅脑损伤患者入院后检测血糖,并在第1周内隔天检测血糖,2～4周每周检测血糖一次,取入院时和1个月血糖水平,分析血糖水平与GCS评分、病死率、预后之间的关系。结果 GCS评分与预后存在相关性：入院时正常血糖组（3.6～6.4mmol/L）GCS评分较高,较高血糖水平组（〉6.4～11.0mmol/L）GCS评分较低,高血糖水平组（〉11.0mmol/L）GCS评分最低,三者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;入院时正常血糖组病死率为0（0/34）,较高血糖水平组病死率3.5%（2/57）,高血糖水平组病死率最高,为22.2%（6/27）,三者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;经过控制血糖1个月后,大部分患者血糖水平均下降,正常血糖组病死率为0（0/80）,较高血糖水平组病死率13.0%（3/23）,高血糖水平组病死率最高,为33.3%（5/15）,三者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论急性颅脑损伤后血糖水平可作为判断颅脑损伤严重程度及预后的一个指标,患者血糖水平越高,预后愈差。     

缺血性进展性卒中与血压、血糖及梗死部位的关系

目的 探讨缺血性进展性卒中的发生率及影响因素,为临床防治进展性卒中提供依据.方法 我院436例急性脑梗死患者,入院后测血糖、血压,评定神经功能缺损评分.结果 436例患者中,142例发生进展性卒中(32.4％),进展性卒中患者中既往有糖尿病史19例(13.4％),入院发现血糖高者68例(47.89％),既往有高血压病史者90例,首次血压高者79例,影像学检查示梗死灶多位于皮质或皮质下区域,与非进展型者比较差异具有统计学意义.结论 高血压、高血糖可促使缺血性进展性卒中发生,梗死部位多位于皮质或皮质下.     

The relationship between the level of neuroactive steroids in the brain, behavior, and anxiety in male rats with different hormonal status

We investigated the levels of neuroactive steroids, behavior, and anxiety in the brains of male rats with different hormonal status. We revealed a correlation between motor and exploratory activities, emotionality, and anxiety and the concentrations of corticosterone, testosterone, and estradiol in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulated gyrus, and frontal cortex in intact male rats, as well as in animals with experimentally high or low levels of sex steroids. The correlation analysis confirmed the selective involvement of different brain structures and neuroactive steroids in brain functioning and behavioral adaptation.     

MAOA and the "cycle of violence:" childhood abuse and neglect, MAOA genotype, and risk for violent and antisocial behavior.

BACKGROUND: Two recent studies with white males have shown that genotypes associated with high levels of monamine oxidase A (MAOA) protect against the impact of childhood maltreatment and adversity on the development of antisocial behavior and conduct disorder. METHODS: Participants in a prospective cohort design study involving court substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect and a matched comparison group were followed up into adulthood and interviewed (N = 802). Eighty-two percent consented to provide blood and 631 gave permission for DNA extraction and analyses. A composite index of violent and antisocial behavior (VASB) was created based on arrest, self-report, and diagnostic information. RESULTS: No main effect was found for the relationship between MAOA genotype and VASB. Genotypes associated with high levels of MAOA activity buffered abused and neglected whites from increased risk of becoming violent and/or antisocial in later life. This protective effect was not found for non-white abused and neglected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Possible explanations for this differential effect for whites and non-whites include differences in contextual factors (e.g., environmental stressors) and a question of the suitability of using the MAOA promoter VNTR polymorphism as a proxy for MAOA levels in non-white populations.     

Blood contamination in children's saliva: prevalence, stability, and impact on the measurement of salivary cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone

The prevalence, stability, and impact of blood contamination in children's saliva on the measurement of three of the most commonly assayed hormones were examined. Participants were 363 children (47% boys; ages 6-13 years) from economically disadvantaged families who donated saliva samples on 2 days in the morning, midday, and late afternoon. Samples (n=2178) were later assayed for cortisol (C), testosterone (T), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). To index the presence of blood (and its components) in saliva, samples were assayed for transferrin. Transferrin levels averaged 0.37 mg/dl (SD=0.46, range 0.0-5.5, Mode=0), and were: (1) highly associated within individuals across hours and days, (2) positively correlated with age, (3) higher for boys than girls, (4) higher in PM than AM samples, and (5) the highest (>1.0 mg/dl) levels were rarely observed in samples donated from the same individuals. Transferrin levels were associated with salivary DHEA and C, but less so for T. As expected, the relationships were positive, and explained only a small portion of the variance. Less than 1% of the statistical outliers (+2.5 SDs) in salivary hormone distributions had correspondingly high transferrin levels. We conclude that blood contamination in children's saliva samples is rare, and its effects on the measurement of salivary hormones is small. Guidelines and recommendations are provided to steer investigators clear of this potential problem in special circumstances and populations.     

The impact of the quality of relationship on the experiences and wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review

Background: Relatively little attention has been given to the effects of caregiving context on the experience of family members providing care for a person with dementia. This review aims to examine the impact of caregiving on the quality of the relationship between caregiver and care-recipient and the impact of the quality of the relationship between the caregiver and care-recipient on the caregiver's and care-recipient's wellbeing.

Methods: This was a systematic review. Fifteen quantitative studies were identified that examined the quality of the relationship between caregivers and care-recipients who had dementia, meeting the criterion of using a measure of relationship quality beyond a single item.

Results: The findings show that caregiving can have an impact on the quality of the relationship between caregiver and care-recipient. In addition, pre-caregiving and current relationship quality appear to have an impact on caregiver's wellbeing. The care-recipient's needs for help with activities of daily living and level of behavioural problems were found to influence the caregiver's perceptions of relationship quality.

Conclusions: Future research should examine both current and pre-caregiving relationship quality. A better understanding of the role of relationship quality in determining the outcomes of caregiving will aid the development of more effective interventions for caregivers.     

氯氮平对血清甲状腺素和血糖、血脂水平的影响

目的 探讨氯氮平对精神分裂症患者糖、脂代谢与血清甲状腺素水平的影响.方法 对60例接受氯氮平治疗的住院精神分裂症患者分别在治疗前和治疗8周末检测血糖（FPG）、胆固醇（TC）和甘油三脂（TG）及甲状腺相关激素水平.并对以上检测指标做统计分析.结果 氯氮平治疗8周后血清T4水平显著下降（P＜0.01）,TSH水平显著升高（P＜0.01）;血糖、甘油三脂显著升高（P＜0.01）;治疗8周末血糖分别与血清FT3、FT4、T3及T4水平呈显著负相关;甘油三脂与TSH水平呈显著正相关.结论 氯氮平导致糖、脂代谢紊乱和甲状腺功能改变,而糖、脂代谢紊乱与其血清甲状腺素水平变化有-定的相关性.