腹腔镜与开腹手术在老年结直肠癌患者中的应用分析

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹手术对70岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的近期疗效,并评价腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾分析2009年1月-2015年12月仪征市人民医院普外科收治的91例行腹腔镜与开腹手术的70岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜组38例,开腹组53例.比较两组的手术学指标、术后恢复及并发症发生情况等.数据比较采用t检验、Mann-WhitneyU检验、Pearson x2检验或Fisher确切概率检验.结果 两组患者的年龄、性别、ASA评分、既往腹部手术史、病理分期及慢性合并症构成差异无统计学意义.两组均无死亡病例.腹腔镜组38例,1例(2.1％)因右侧输尿管损伤中转开腹行输尿管修补吻合+双“J”管置入术,传统开腹组53例.腹腔镜组和开腹组手术时间(238 ±71.3) minvs(175±60.8) min、术中出血量(145 ±58) ml vs (186 ±45) ml比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).淋巴结清扫数目(11.6±2.8)枚vs(13.1±3.0)枚,P=0.513,差异无统计学意义,所有标本切缘病理检查均为阴性.腹腔镜组术后首次下床活动时间(2.1±1.7)dvs(2.9±0.8)d、肠功能恢复时间(3.6±0.5)dvs(4.1±0.6)d、进食流质时间(3.3±0.3)dvs(3.9±0.6)d、术后住院时间(11.9±3.9) dvs (14.5±3.7)d,均显著低于开腹组(P＜0.05).术后总并发症23.7％,显著低于开腹组45.3％ (P =0.035);切口感染也显著降低(P=0.017).术中并发症以及术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、尿路感染、肺部感染、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、淋巴漏、心律失常、谵妄发病率两组差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年结直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜手术是安全可行的,近期疗效优于开腹手术.     

老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术的临床对比研究

目的:通过对老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术各项临床指标的对比研究,探讨老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2009年12月为117例≥60岁结直肠癌患者行肿瘤根治术的临床资料,其中腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术(A组)55例,传统开腹结直肠癌根治术(B组)62例。对比分析两组的一般情况(ASA评分)、手术病理分级(Dukes分期)、手术时间、手术出血量、术前及术后心肺功能、术中气道压力、酸碱平衡、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症、标本淋巴结阳性率等围手术期情况。结果:两组患者术前ASA评分、合并症、病理分级及手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中患者心功能指标心脏指数、射血分数、肺功能指标动脉血PaCO2、pH值腹腔镜组均有所增高(P0.05),但术后1d再测指标差异无统计学意义。气道压力腹腔镜组明显增高,可通过麻醉改变呼吸指数调整。腹腔镜组胃肠恢复排气时间、术后住院时间显著短于开腹组(P0.05);术中出血、术后相应并发症腹腔镜组明显少于开腹组(P0.05);死亡率、术后淋巴结获取数、阳性率及直肠癌环周切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义。结论:为老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助根治术具有良好的安全性及可行性,具有出血少、康复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优势。     

老年患者经腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术的比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗70岁以上老年人直肠肿瘤的可行性与有效性。方法:回顾总结腹腔镜辅助与开放直肠癌根治术治疗70岁以上老年患者直肠肿瘤的经验。比较同期21例腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组)与26例开放手术(开腹组)的安全性、并发症以及术后恢复情况。结果:两组均无手术死亡。开腹组术后并发症发生率(42.3%)显著高于腹腔镜组(14.3%)(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组患者术后肠道通气时间与进食时间分别为(2.9±0.5)d、(3.5±0.3)d,与开腹组(4.2±0.7)d、(5.1±0.6)d相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血与住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠手术治疗70岁以上老年人直肠肿瘤安全有效,对于老年直肠癌患者有良好的应用前景。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果评价

对结直肠癌实施开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗的临床效果评价。以庆云县人民医院2019年1月—2021年12月收治的40例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,分为开腹组(20例)和腹腔镜组(20例),统计对比两组手术方案的应用价值。两组淋巴结清除数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但开腹组切口长度、手术时长、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后肠蠕动时间、卧床时长、恢复正常饮食时间、住院时长等均显著高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05);开腹组住院期间的并发症发生率显著高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。术后的腹腔镜组患者炎症因子水平均显著高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌较之开腹手术具有更佳应用价值。     

腹腔镜辅助及开腹手术在结直肠癌中的近期临床疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助手术及开腹手术在结直肠癌患者中的近期临床疗效。方法本研究采用回顾性病例对照研究,将2015年6月至2017年2月本院收治的80例结直肠癌患者分为腹腔镜辅助组和开腹组,每组40例,分别实施腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术和开腹结直肠癌根治术。比较两组手术相关指标,术后并发症发生情况及标本肿瘤学指标。结果腹腔镜辅助组手术时间长于开腹组,住院总费用明显多于开腹组,切口长度明显短于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,术后首次排气及排便时间、开始进流食时间、下床活动时间均明显早于开腹组,术后住院时间明显短于开腹组,术后并发症总发生率明显低于开腹组,经比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组标本肿瘤学指标比较均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术可降低术后并发症发生率、缩短住院时间、促进患者术后胃肠功能的恢复。     

腹腔镜结直肠手术40例学习曲线分析

目的:探讨外科医师如何尽快掌握腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。方法:回顾分析2006年5月至2009年6月我院为40例患者行腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床资料,按手术先后次序分为4组,每组10例,以每10例手术患者为一手术学习曲线阶段,比较各阶段的手术时间,术中出血量,术中、术后并发症发生率,中转开腹率,术后住院时间,分析不同阶段的手术效果。结果:4组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式等方面无明显差别。手术时间A组(300±20.4)min,1例中转开腹,B组(180±11.5)min,C组(180±21.2)min,D组(130±18.1)min(P<0.001)。术中出血由(100±13.5)ml降至(50±11.5)ml(P<0.05),术后住院天数由18.4d降至14.3d(P<0.05)。4组均无术中、术后并发症发生。结论:行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术约30例后即可达到较熟练程度。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术短期效果的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术的短期效果。方法:回顾分析2001～2010年1 743例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中864例行腹腔镜手术8,79例行开腹手术。结果:相对开腹组,腹腔镜组切口小([5.5±1.8)cm vs.(23±3.5)cm,P<0.01;]失血量少([110±41)ml vs.(350±56)ml,P<0.01);]术后阿片类镇痛剂使用例数少(179 vs.261,P<0.01);首次下床活动时间早([1.9±0.9)天vs.(2.5±1.2)天,P<0.01;]肠道功能恢复快([2.5±0.6)天vs.(3.8±0.7)天,P<0.01;]术后住院时间短[(6.5±1.3)天vs.(8.4±1.5)天,P<0.01;]术后并发症发生率低(15.7%vs.27.6%,P<0.01)。淋巴结清扫数量、标本切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全可行,可取得与开腹手术相同的根治效果,且具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,值得推广。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术与Dixon术围手术期临床比较研究

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术(Dixon术)在直肠癌治疗围手术期的临床效果。方法 120例结肠癌患者根据Dukes分期A～D的临床病例,随机抽取相等数量的患者接受腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组)60例和Dixon术(开腹组)60例,分析围手术期的临床效果,包括出血量、术后排气时间、并发症、术后恢复时间、淋巴结切除数量等。结果两组基本临床病理特征及辅助治疗情况具有均衡可比性;两组均无手术死亡病例;腹腔镜组术中出血量明显少于开腹组,术后排气时间、下床时间、住院天数显著短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组生存时间、淋巴结清除数目,切口种植转移差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜直肠癌根治术创伤小、恢复快、安全、有效,符合肿瘤根治原则。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌术中及术后并发症发生率的比较

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症发生率的差异。方法:将我院近4年间122例结直肠癌患者随机分为两组,其中腹腔镜组62例,开腹组60例。观察比较两组术中及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:术中并发症发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后并发症比较,腹腔镜组优于开腹组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其5年生存率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:应用腹腔镜行结直肠癌根治术可以达到开腹根治术的效果,且可减少术后并发症。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对应激细胞因子 ET、IL-6及CRP的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对机体应激反应的影响。方法:选择2006年6月~2007年3月结直肠癌患者35例,分为腹腔镜组15例,开腹组20例。比较两组围手术期内皮素(ET)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白质(CRP)及相关临床指标的变化。结果:两组患者的性别、年龄、身高、体重、术后病理分期及手术方式差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),平均手术时间腹腔镜组长于开腹组(P<0.05);术中平均出血量开腹组多于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后第1天ET显著下降(P<0.05),术后第3天恢复至术前水平;开腹组手术前后ET无显著变化。两组术后未出现显著差异。两组患者术后IL-6和CRP均明显升高(P<0.01),且开腹组明显高于腹腔镜组(P<0.01),术后第5天腹腔镜组IL-6恢复至术前水平,但开腹组仍明显高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。术后第5天两组CRP仍显著高于术前水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),且开腹组高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对ET、IL-6和CRP的影响小,应激反应比开腹手术轻、强度低、持续时间短。     

高龄患者腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术的安全性观察

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术对高龄结直肠癌患者治疗的安全性。方法2006年1月至2009年12月,84例年龄≥80岁的结直肠癌患者接受限期性根治手术,其中36例接受腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜组）,男17例,女19例,年龄80～90岁,平均年龄（83．61±3．22）岁;48例接受传统开腹结直肠癌根治术（开腹组）,男29例,女19例,年龄80～91岁,平均年龄（83．17±3．13）岁。回顾性分析两组患者的术前评估（ASA评分）、术前合并症情况、手术病理分期（Dukes分期）、术中及术后血气分析变化、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症等围手术期情况。结果手术前,腹腔镜组ASA评分Ⅰ级10例、Ⅱ级23例、Ⅲ级3例,开腹组分别为12例、32例、4例,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组术中无一例出现高二氧化碳血症,术后24h、72h出现血气分析异常的患者分别为6例、4例,与开腹组中的31例和10例相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组恢复排气时间（2．11±0．26）d,显著短于开腹组（3．88±0．28）d（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组的术后住院时间（12．55±6．29）d显著少于开腹组（24．3I±12．79）d（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组的术后并发症发生率为25．0％,显著低于开腹组43．8％（P〈0．05）;腹腔镜组死亡率为2．78％,开腹组为4．16％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者选择腹腔镜辅助根治手术比传统开腹手术具有术后恢复快及术后并发症少的优势,同时腹腔镜手术不会增加术后死亡率。因此,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治手术方式对于高龄结直肠癌患者具有良好的手术安全性。     

“快通道”外科理念指导下腹腔镜手术治疗老年结直肠癌的临床研究

目的:比较"快通道"外科指导下腹腔镜手术与单纯应用腹腔镜手术及应用"快通道"外科理念的常规开腹手术治疗65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的有效性、安全性,评估"快通道"外科理念联合腹腔镜手术促进老年结直肠癌患者术后恢复的协同作用。方法:将94例65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者随机分为开腹(open surgery,OP)组、开腹+快通道(open surgery plus fast-track surgery,OPFT)组、腹腔镜(laparoscopy surgery,LAP)组及腹腔镜+快通道(laparoscopy surgery plus fast-track surgery,LAPFT)组。比较患者基线特征、手术效果、术后安全性指标。结果:LAP组与LAPFT组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间方面均优于OP组、OPFT组(P0.05),而手术时间明显延长(P0.01)。OPFT组术后首次排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间、住院时间短于OP组(P0.05)。LAP组、LAPFT组术后切口感染率明显低于OP组、OPFT组(P0.01),其他并发症发生率及术后30 d内死亡率各组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于老年结直肠癌患者,腹腔镜术中应用"快通道"外科指导的围手术期处理可加快术后康复且不增加术后短期并发症发生率,是安全、有效的治疗措施。     

Laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery in everyday practice: retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Most studies available on laparoscopic colorectal surgery focus on highly selected patient groups. The aim of the present study was to review short- and long-term outcome of everyday patients treated in a general surgery department. METHODS: Retrospective review was carried out of a prospective database of all consecutive patients having undergone primary laparoscopic (LAP) or open colorectal surgery between March 1993 and December 1997. Follow-up data were completed via questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 187 patients underwent LAP resection and 215 patients underwent open surgery. Follow up was complete in 95% with a median of 59 months (range, 1-107 months) and 53 months (range, 1-104 months), respectively. There were 28 conversions (15%) in the LAP group and these remained in the LAP group in an intention-to-treat analysis. The LAP operations lasted significantly longer for all types of resections (205 vs 150 min, P < 0.001) and hospital stay was shorter (8 vs 13 days, P < 0.001). Recovery of intestinal function was faster in the LAP group, but only after left-sided procedures (3 vs 4 days, P < 0.01). However, preoperative patient selection (more emergency operations and patients with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score in the open group) had a major influence on these elements and favours the LAP group. Surprisingly, the overall surgical complication rate (including long-term complications such as wound hernia) was 20% in both groups with rates of individual complications also being comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: Despite a patient selection favourable to the laparoscopy group, only little advantage in postoperative outcome could be shown for the minimally invasive over the open approach in the everyday patient.     

结直肠癌腹腔镜围手术期机体免疫生理变化研究

目的探讨结直肠癌腹腔镜围手术期机体免疫生理变化。方法 86例拟行结直肠癌手术的患者分为传统开腹组46例和腔镜组40例。分别于术前及术后第1d、第3d、第8d抽取患者外周静脉血检测C反应蛋白（CRP）,免疫球蛋白LgA、LgM、LgG,CD4＋,CD8＋,胃动素（MTL）,胃泌素（GAS）,白介素-6（IL-6）。结果开腹组胃动素术后明显低于腔镜组（P〈0.05）。胃泌素两组术后明显升高（P〈0.05）,同时期两组间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。腔镜组CD8＋术后第8d与同期开腹组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者术后LgA、LgM、LgG含量较术前明显下降（P〈0.05）。两组患者术后CRP含量明显增高（P〈0.05）。两组患者IL-6术后明显高于术前水平（P〈0.01）,术后第8d腔镜组IL-6降至术前水平,开腹组仍高于术前,且同期差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对患者术后免疫功能和生理反应的抑制有一定的保护作用,相比传统开腹手术在免疫功能和生理反应上具有更大的优势。     

经自然腔道取标本手术与传统腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌疗效的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析对比经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)与传统腹腔镜手术(LAP)治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效.方法:在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、知网、中国生物医学文献数据库等检索关于NOSES与LAP治疗结直肠癌的随机对照实验相关文献,遵循筛选标准,并采用RevMan 5.4软件对纳...     

Incidence of small bowel obstruction after laparoscopic and open colon resection

Background

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is responsible for more than 1 billion dollars in health care costs yearly in the United States. We sought to evaluate whether laparoscopic colorectal surgery resulted in a decreased incidence of SBO within the first year of surgical resection compared with open surgery.

Methods

From January 2003 to December 2008, 339 patients underwent open (open colorectal resection [OPEN]) colorectal resection and 448 patients underwent laparoscopic (laparoscopic colorectal resection [LAP]) colorectal resection. Hospital admissions up to 1 year after the initial resection identified patients admitted for the management of SBO, ileus, or nausea and vomiting.

Results

During the 1st year after surgery, 6 patients in the OPEN group developed SBO, and 5 patients in the LAP group developed SBO. The overall frequency of SBO for the OPEN group was 1.8% and 1.1% for the LAP group (P < .5461).

Conclusions

Although advantages such as quicker postoperative recovery and decreased hospital stay have been attributed to laparoscopic surgery, no difference in the incidence of SBO within the 1st year of surgery was found compared with open colorectal surgery.     

Economic Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Korea

Purpose To compare the economic outcomes of laparoscopic surgery (LAP) with those of open surgery (OS) for colorectal cancer. Methods We compared operating room (OR) costs, OR hospital-profits, total hospital charges, and payments made for 67 consecutive patients who underwent either OS (n = 41) or LAP (n = 26) for colorectal cancer. Results The operating time was longer in the LAP group (P < 0.001), but the hospital stay was shorter (P < 0.001). OR costs were higher in the LAP group, which was primarily attributed to the higher costs of consumables (LAP $1441, OS $575; P < 0.001) and the longer operating time (LAP 215 min, OS 155 min; P < 0.001). Total hospital charges were also higher after LAP (LAP $5017, OS $4093; P < 0.001). Patients paid more after LAP (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in National Health Insurance Corporation payments. Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery is less cost-effective than OS for colorectal cancer. The higher costs of consumables and the longer operating time associated with LAP must be addressed to make LAP more cost-effective.     

Role of curative resection in octogenarians with malignancy

BACKGROUND: Major resective surgery in octogenarians with malignancy is considered risky. Because elderly people are growing in number, there is a greater need to define the role of curative resection (CR) in these patients. METHODS: In this retrospective, consecutive review patients > or = 80 years with malignancy treated by surgery were included and categorized into 3 groups: group 1 = CR group, i.e., no residual disease; group 2 = non-CR group, i.e., microscopic tumor invasion of one or more resection margins; and group 3 = palliative surgery (PS) group. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two patients were treated surgically with curative intent. Gastric and colorectal cancers were the most frequent (34% and 31.8%, respectively) followed by bile duct and esophageal cancers (15.3% and 5.5%, respectively). CR was performed in 53.3%, non-CR in 14.8%, and palliative surgery in 31.9% of patients. Thirty-day mortality in the 3 groups was 3.1%, 0%, and 5.2%, respectively. Mean hospital stay was similar among all 3 groups. In the CR group, gastric and colorectal cancers were the most common (41.2% and 42.2% respectively). Average survival and actuarial survival were significantly higher in the CR group. Disease-free survival was 645 +/- 744 days. Five-year actuarial survival was 45.4 % in the CR group, and no patient survived 5 years in the other 2 groups. In the CR group, mean survival was significantly better in patients with good performance status and > or = 3 supportive family members per univariate analysis. However, no significant difference was observed in patients with gastric and colorectal malignancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that TNM stage and family size affected survival the most. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric and colorectal cancers were most frequent among octogenarians reporting to our unit. CR was performed in elderly patients with low mortality and was associated with significantly better average and actuarial survival. TNM stage I to III, family size > or = 3 members, and performance status "0" to "1" were favorable factors.     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术10例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术的可行性、手术方法及应用价值。方法:回顾总结2004年3月至2004年8月用开腹腹腔镜辅助行结直肠恶性肿瘤手术10例的临床资料。结果:10例均在腹腔镜辅助下顺利完成手术,无中转及手术死亡病例。手术平均时间175min,术中平均失血83 ml,术后肠功能恢复时间平均为2.3d。手术切除淋巴结平均为18个。随访1-6个月,未见切口种植及吻合口复发。结论:腹腔镜辅助结直肠恶性肿瘤手术具有创伤小,术后恢复快等优点,可以取得与开腹手术同样的根治效果。