喉返神经显露在甲状腺手术中的应用

[目的]探讨喉返神经显露对减少甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的作用。[方法]随机将行甲状腺一侧或双侧腺叶全切术患者分成显露喉返神经组和不显露喉返神经组 ,并对其结果进行比较。[结果]显露组697例共显露喉返神经723条 ,术中致喉返神经暂时性损伤10例 ,永久性损伤4例 ,其中3例为喉返神经被癌组织侵范而一并切除 ;不显露组311例 ,术中致喉返神经暂时性损伤11例 ,永久性损伤12例 ,其差异具统计学意义(P<0 01)。[结论]在行一侧或双侧甲状腺腺叶全切除术中 ,常规显露喉返神经能明显减少喉返神经的损伤率。但对仅作甲状腺腺叶次切或遇巨大甲状腺肿瘤的手术时应按具体情况分别对待。     

甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经损伤的预防

目的 :探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及预防措施。方法 :手术治疗甲状腺疾病 12 5例 ,术中显露喉返神经 ,行甲状腺腺叶或腺叶 峡部切除术治疗原发灶。结果 :共解剖喉返神经 14 5侧 ,术后出现暂时性喉返神经损伤 1例 ,喉返神经损伤发生率为 0 8% (1/12 5 )。结论 :熟悉喉返神经的解剖及变异 ,术中显露喉返神经 ,行瘤侧腺叶或腺叶 峡部切除术 ,能避免损伤喉返神经 ,是甲状腺肿瘤手术中预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法     

甲状腺肿瘤手术喉返神经损伤的预防

目的：探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及预防措施。方法：手术治疗甲状腺疾病125例，术中显露喉返神经，行甲状腺腺叶或腺叶＋峡部切除术治疗原发灶。结果：共解剖喉返神经145侧，术后出现暂时性喉返神经损伤1例。喉返神经损伤发生率为0．8％（1／125）。结论：熟悉喉返神经的解剖及变异，术中显露喉返神经，行瘤侧腺叶或腺叶＋峡部切除术，能避免损伤喉返神经，是甲状腺肿瘤手术预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。     

甲状腺手术中喉不返神经的处理

[目的]了解喉不返神经临床解剖特点,总结甲状腺手术中避免引起其损伤的经验。[方法]分析4例甲状腺手术喉不返神经损伤患者的临床资料。[结果]4例喉不返神经均位于右侧,术中2例喉不返神经不慎切断,同期神经端端吻合后,1例于3个月后声音嘶哑恢复,1例随访1年未恢复。[结论]甲状腺手术中应常规在气管食管沟之间解剖喉返神经,如未发现,则应解剖喉返神经入喉处找入喉神经,再做甲状腺手术,以避免喉不返神经损伤。     

显露喉返神经在674例甲状腺疾病手术中的应用

喉返神经损伤是结节性甲状腺肿等甲状腺手术中常见的严重并发症,术中是否常规显露喉返神经仍存在分歧。全文分析2004年1月至2008年12月收治的674例甲状腺手术患者资料,总结甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经的意义。     

甲状腺癌切除术中甲状腺背侧支血管定位喉返神经效果分析

【摘要】目的分析甲状腺癌切除术中采用甲状腺背侧支血管定位喉返神经的临床应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法收集2018年10月至2022年3月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九○一医院收治的86例拟行甲状腺切除术治疗的甲状腺癌患者,根据不同喉返神经定位方式将患者分为研究组43例、对照组43例,两组患者均行甲状腺切除术,术中研究组采用甲状腺背侧支血管对患者喉返神经进行定位,对照组通过充分暴露患者甲状腺背侧面寻找喉返神经,分析研究组患者喉返神经与甲状腺背侧支定位血管的位置关系;比较两组患者手术切除范围、手术时间、术中出血量及喉返神经损伤情况。结果43例研究组患者均顺利找到甲状腺背侧支定位血管,血管直径（246±025）mm,与甲状腺软骨下角距离为（128±037）cm,以静脉形式出现者占1860%、认动脉形式出现者占8140%,喉返神经位于甲状腺背侧支定位血管深面者占9070%、位于甲状腺背侧支定位血管浅面者占930%,喉返神经与甲状腺背侧支定位血管呈垂直关系者占9302%、呈平行关系者占698%。研究组患者手术时间明显短于对照组[（9982±1341）min vs. （10896±1457）min]、术中出血量明显少于对照组[（3534±579）ml vs. （4627±644）ml]、喉返神经损伤率明显低于对照组（0 vs. 93%）,差异有统计学意义(P<005)。结论 在甲状腺切除术应用甲状腺背侧支血管对喉返神经进行定位,可有效缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低喉返神经损伤的发生风险。     

甲状腺癌补救性二次手术中喉返神经的显露及保护

目的探讨甲状腺癌补救性二次手术中喉返神经的显露与保护策略。方法对43例甲状腺癌患者行补救性二次手术。手术从带状肌外侧、胸锁乳突肌前缘入路,在甲状腺残叶背面“未受侵扰区域”或颈段气管食管沟下段的软组织中显露喉返神经,并小心地解剖显露其整个颈段气管旁行程。结果全组共解剖显露喉返神经45条,单侧显露41例,双侧显露2例。二次手术术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退1例,无喉返神经损伤病例。结论甲状腺癌补救性二次手术中,避开粘连、瘢痕组织并选择适当的解剖显露途径,熟悉喉返神经正常及变异状况下的解剖均有助于减少喉返神经的损伤。     

Protection and Dissection of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Salvage Thyroid Cancer Surgery to Patients with Insufficient Primary Operation Extent and Suspicious Residual Tumor

Some thyroid cancer patients undergone insufficient tumor removal in the primary surgery in China . our aim is to evaluate the impact of dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during a salvage thyroid cancer operation in these patients to prevent nerve injury. Clinical data of 49 enrolled patients who received a salvage thyroid operation were retrospectively reviewed. Primary pathology was thyroid papillary cancer. The initial procedure performed included nodulectomy (20 patients), partial thyroidectomy (19 patients) and subtotal thyroidectomy (10 patients). The effect of dissection and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the mechanism of nerve injury were studied. The cervical courses of the recurrent laryngeal nerves were successfully dissected in all cases. Nerves were adherent to or involved by scars in 22 cases. Three were ligated near the place where the nerve entered the larynx, while another three were cut near the intersection of inferior thyroid artery with the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Light hoarseness occurred to four patients without a preoperative voice change. In conclusion, accurate primary diagnosis allows for a sufficient primary operation to be performed, avoiding insufficient tumor removal that requires a secondary surgery. The most important cause of nerve damage resulted from not identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during first surgery , and meticulous dissection during salvage surgery was the most efficient method to avoid nerve damage.     

两种喉返神经显露技术预防术中损伤的疗效比较

[目的]探讨预防喉返神经损伤的手术操作技巧.[方法]对790例甲状腺腺叶切除术患者进行回顾性研究,并对两种喉返神经显露技术预防术中损伤的疗效进行比较.[结果]神经表面解剖组304例,解剖神经312条,术后暂时性损伤6例,占1.98%,永久性损伤3例,占0.99%;神经内侧解剖组486例,解剖神经508条,暂时性损伤3例,占0.62%,无永久性损伤.两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]在甲状腺腺叶切除术中,神经内侧解剖较神经表面解剖能更有效地预防喉返神经损伤.     

45条喉返神经喉外分支变异手术体会

[目的]探讨喉返神经喉外分支变异的定义、发生率及手术体会.[方法]对42例喉返神经喉外分支变异病例分支的解剖特点、手术方式和手术转归进行总结和分析.[结果]42例患者中共有45条喉返神经喉外分支变异,其中32条有2个分支,6条有3个分支,5条有4个分支,2条有5个分支;25例为常规手术,11例为miccoli手术,9例使用了喉返神经探测仪;5例患者手术后出现不同程度的声音嘶哑,均给予对症治疗,随访6个月内恢复.[结论]喉返神经喉外分支变异是喉返神经损伤的高危因素之一,借助腔镜和术中神经监测技术可以有效保护喉返神经喉外分支,降低损伤概率.     

Extended Surgical Implication of Tubercle of Zuckerkandl in Total Thyroidectomy

The primary objective of the study was to assess the Tubercle of zuckerkandl (TZ) during thyroid surgeries and its relationship with RLN and Superior parathyroid (SP). A prospective study was done in, 30 consecutive cases of total thyroidectomy in whom per operatively TZ was identified. The presence of TZ, its laterality, size, relationship with RLN and parathyroid glands were documented. A grading system outlined by Pelizzo was applied in our current study. In majority of the cases the RLN was found to lie medial to TZ (26/30), followed by lateral position (3/30) and one case it was found to be posterior to TZ (1/30). The superior parathyroid was identified in close relation (< 2 cm) to the TZ in 27/30 cases. The distance between the TZ and SP was assessed. We proposed a classification for location of SP based on the distance between SP and TZ and also attempted to relate each class of SP location with TZ grade. There was strong association of Grade of TZ with the class of SP location (p value = 0.00046). TZ is constant surgical landmark with good reliability to identify the RLN and SP. RLN is found medial to TZ in majority of cases with few exceptions. SP is found to be closely associated with TZ in majority of cases and there is a strong relationship of proximity of SP and TZ with respect to TZ grade. Although this required further studies with larger population.     

暴露颈喉返神经在食管癌颈部吻合中的临床意义

目的:探讨食管中下段癌切除后行左颈部食管胃颈部吻合,术中暴露喉返神经与不暴露喉返神经对比的应用价值。方法:选择2003年1 月至2009年4 月对237 例行左侧胸后外切口切除食管鳞癌,并行左颈部切口食管、胃颈部吻合。总计237 例分成2 组:A 组（研究组）115 例,均暴露喉返神经,男64例,女51例,年龄31～73岁,平均年龄49岁;B 组（对照组）122 例,男51例,女71例,年龄33～75岁,平均年龄45岁,本组均不暴露喉返神经。两组共有9 例出现喉返神经损伤症状。结果:A 组术后出现发音嘶哑,饮水咳呛,咳痰效果差1 例,占手术发生率0.087%（1/115）,B 组出现发音嘶哑,咳呛,咳痰效果差8 例,占手术发生率6.56% 。两组喉返神经损伤差异具有显著性统计学意义（P<0.05）。 对两组食管癌切除,左颈食管吻合术时与两组对比,A 组暴露喉返神经可使术后颈喉返神经损伤率明显低于B 组不暴露喉返神经,可避免喉返神经损伤并发症,减少发音困难,减少进食咳呛,使咳痰效果佳而减少肺部并发症,能使患者早日康复。结论:本研究提示食管胃左颈吻合暴露喉返神经具有临床应用价值,值得推广。      

甲状腺癌再手术中的应用方法和价值

摘 要：［目的］ 分析喉返神经监测在甲状腺癌再手术中的应用方法和价值。［方法］ 回顾性分析128例经治的甲状腺癌再次手术患者资料,其中39例术中使用喉返神经监测显露寻找喉返神经的为观察组,89例未使用喉返神经监测的为对照组,观察组患者与对照组患者的基线数据建立倾向评分匹配模型,对两组数据中患者年龄、性别、术前是否有声带麻痹、甲状腺癌病理类型、是否包膜外侵犯、是否有中央区淋巴结转移、是否行颈侧淋巴结清扫术等协变量进行1∶1配对,分析两组的手术方法,比较两组的喉返神经显露成功率、新发喉返神经损伤率、术后气管切开率、长期气管切开率。［结果］ 观察组喉返神经显露成功率高于对照组（38例 vs 28例）,而新发声带麻痹发生率低于对照组（P=0.027）,两组间气管切开率和长期气管切开率差异无统计学差异。［结论］ 甲状腺癌再手术时使用喉返神经监测结合精细操作手术技巧有助于显露喉返神经,提高了手术成功率,减少了手术并发症,值得推广应用。     

喉返神经鞘瘤1例

1资料患者,男性,40岁。因"发现右侧颈部肿块10余年"入院。患者于10年前始发现右侧颈部肿块,当时约玻璃弹大小,无吞咽异常,无疼痛不适,无呼吸困难,无声音沙哑,无心悸心慌,无乏力不适,无怕热怕冷,无腹胀腹痛腹泻。当时未重视就诊。十余年来,肿块逐渐增大,目前约鸡蛋大小,未出现其他不适症状,声音无沙哑。为治疗入院。查体发现:双眼不突,     

下咽癌手术与甲状腺关系的探讨(附52例分析)

５２例下咽癌患者，切除肿瘤的同时切除了患侧甲状腺３２例，２例术后病理证实肿瘤累及甲状腺。以放免法测定其中２０例患者手术前、术后１个月时Ｔ３、Ｔ４、ＴＳＨ、Ｃａ、ＡＫＰ、ＰＯ值，手术前后Ｔ３、Ｔ４值改变有显著性差异。分析了下咽癌侵犯甲状腺的方式，甲状腺部分切除的指征，术后内分泌的改变及对组织愈合的影响。     

食管癌颈部吻合术后喉返神经损伤24例分析

[目的]探讨食管癌颈部吻合术后喉返神经损伤的原因及其防治措施。[方法]对2005～2010年415例行食管癌颈部吻合术的患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中术后并发喉返神经损伤24例。[结果]24例喉返神经损伤包括22例单侧损伤和2例双侧损伤。喉返神经损伤与肿瘤T分期和TNM分期无关。颈段、胸上段食管癌患者较胸中段及下段食管癌患者易发生损伤（P〈0.05）;上纵隔淋巴结转移的食管癌患者较无淋巴结转移患者更易发生损伤（P〈0.05）。[结论]喉返神经损伤与肿瘤位置及上纵隔淋巴结转移相关。     

Clinical Significance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Exposure During Esophagogastric Anastomosis of the Neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value in a comparison between intraoperative exposure and non-exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of the neck during left neck esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of carcinomas of the middle and inferior-segment esophagus. METHODS From January 2003 to April 2009, 237 patients were selected to undergo resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma via posteroexternal incision of the left chest plus gastroesophageal anastomosis at the left neck incision. The 237 cases were divided into 2 groups: 115 of the total cases were in group A (the study group), cases of resections with neck RLN exposure. Of the patients in this group, 64 were male and 51 female, with a mean age of 49 ranging from 31 to 73 years. Another 122 cases were in group B (the control group), cases of resections without neck RLN exposure. In this group, 51 of the patients were male and 71 female, with a mean age of 45 ranging from 33 to 75 years. In the 2 groups, there were 9 cases in total with symptoms induced by RLN injury. RESULTS Hoarseness, choking cough when drinking, and difficult expectoration were found in 1 of the cases (1/115) in group A (0.087%), while there were 8 cases (8/122) presenting with these symptoms in group B (6.5%). There is statistical signi.cance in the di.erences of RLN injury between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Analysis of study cases of esophageal carcinoma resection with left-neck esophagogastric anastomosis in the 2 groups indicated that the exposure of the RLN in group A resulted in an obviously lower rate of neck RLN injury after the surgery, compared to group B, where the RLN was not exposed. Exposure can lead to the avoidance of complications induced by RLN injury, such as dysarthria and choking cough when eating. As a result, satisfactory expectoration, which would diminish the incidence of pulmonary complications, can be reached allowing the patients to recover as early as possible. The results of our study suggest that the exposure of the RLN during the left -neck esophagogastric anastomosis has signi.cant clinical value, and that this approach can be recommended with con.dence.     

甲状腺肿瘤手术喉返神经的损伤问题

本文报告１５５７例涉及喉返神经的甲状腺肿瘤手术。术中提倡暴露喉返神经，但对于双侧或巨大肿瘤及甲状腺癌侵犯神经者，可区别对待。本组采用三个解剖标志寻找喉返神经，神经麻痹率：良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤分别为２．３％和９．８％；首次手术与再次手术分别为３．９％和１０．５％。两组差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术中发现误断神经应及时行神经吻合术，本组成功率为５５．５％（５／９）。     

食管癌手术颈部切口避免喉返神经损伤的解剖学探讨

对20例国人尸体40侧喉返神经走行、分支及毗邻关系进行观察,结合临床食管癌手术颈部切口方式,提出右喉返神经外上三角区,为颈部手术避免右喉返神经损伤的理想入路.并讨论了术中避免喉返神经损伤的方法.经临床20例食管癌手术验证,效果满意.