各种不同因素对视网膜脱离术后视力恢复的影响

目的:探讨各种不同因素对视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)术后视力恢复的影响。方法:回顾分析我院以RD为第一诊断并经手术治疗视网膜复位成功的病例资料,共119例119眼。其中采用巩膜环扎手术38例、玻璃体联合视网膜复位手术81例。观察RD患者的发病年龄、RD时间、RD范围、有无裂孔、黄斑状态、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)程度、手术前后视力、术后视网膜复位情况,用χ2检验对其进行分析,根据结果选择差异具有统计学意义的因素进行Spearman等级相关检验。结果:视网膜复位术后患者视力提高65例(54.6%),视力不变34例(28.6%),视力下降20例(16.8%)。RD患者发病的不同年龄、RD时间、RD范围、黄斑状态、PVR分级及有无裂孔对术后视力恢复的影响差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对有统计学差异的因素进行Spearman等级相关检验,发现上述术前因素与术后视力关联程度从大到小分别为:PVR分级(r s=-0.493,P=0.000)、RD范围(r s=-0.476,P=0.000)、有无裂孔(r s=-0.411,P=0.000)、黄斑是否脱离(r s=-0.360,P=0.000)、RD时间(r s=-0.334,P=0.000)、患者年龄(r s=-0.241,P=0.008)。结论:RD患者术前PVR分级、RD范围、有无裂孔、黄斑状态、RD时间和年龄是影响术后视力恢复的重要因素,其中术前PVR分级、RD范围、有无裂孔对术后视力的恢复影响最为显著。     

巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素分析

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)行巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性临床研究,选择2012年1月至2016年1月我院收治的初发RRD患者行巩膜扣带术治疗者148例148眼,观察术后视网膜解剖复位率、最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及并发症,并对可能影响术后视网膜复住和视力恢复的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 检眼镜和眼底照相检查示首次手术视网膜复位率为91.9％,最终复位率为97.3％;频域光学相干断层扫描(spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography,SD-OCT)检查视网膜首次复位率为60.1％,最终复位率为80.4％.单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:多发视网膜裂孔和C1级增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)对视网膜复位率有显著影响(均为P＜0.05);单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑累及与否对术后BCVA恢复均有明显影响(均为P＜0.05),而年龄、术前屈光状态、PVR分级、术中是否实施视网膜下放液、玻璃体内注气、联合巩膜外加压、术后视网膜下液对术后BCVA的恢复均无明显影响(均为P＞0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA是影响术后BCVA的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 巩膜扣带术治疗RRD效果良好,但多发视网膜裂孔和C1级PVR会增加手术失败风险;术前视力、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑状态均影响巩膜扣带术后视力的恢复,而术前视力是关键因素,提示RRD患者应早发现、早治疗,尽可能保护术前视力.     

影响巩膜扣带术视网膜复位及视力恢复因素的临床观察

目的 探讨巩膜扣带术(scleral buckling,SB)治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)的疗效以及影响视网膜解剖复位和视力恢复的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月行sB的RRD患者72例(72只眼).术后随访6-30月,平均(13.96±8.28)月,观察术后视网膜解剖复位率、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及并发症.Logistic回归用于分析影响视网膜解剖复位和视力恢复的相关危险因素.结果 在眼底镜和B超检测下视网膜首次复位率为90.28%,最终复位率为97.22%;而光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测下的视网膜首次复位率为59.72%,最终复位率为77.78%.术后BCVAI>0.3者为62.5%.C1级PVR和多发性裂孔对视网膜复位率有显著影响(P=0.0183、0.0181 ).术前视力、黄斑脱离与否、黄斑脱离时间及PVR的程度对术后视力恢复的影响有统计学意义(P=0.0235、0.0124、0.0325、0.0357). 术后出现葡萄膜炎占13.89%,视物变形占9.72%,增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreous retinopathy,PVR)进展占6.94%,黄斑皱褶占6.94%,高眼压占4.17%,复视占2.78%.术后前房深度、眼轴长度、屈光度和散光度的变化较术前差异有统计学意义(P=0.0260、<0.0001、0.0005、0.0018).结论 SB治疗RRD有良好的疗效,但C1级PVR和多发性裂孔会显著增加手术失败的风险.术前视力、黄斑脱离状态和脱离时间及PVR的程度是影响术后视力恢复的重要因素;同时,该手术可导致术后前房深度变浅、眼轴延长、屈光度和散光度向负值偏移.     

近视性孔源性视网膜脱离288例临床疗效分析

目的:了解影响近视性孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)手术治疗预后的因素,为临床治疗提供指导。方法:回顾性分析2007-04/2014-04我科收治并行手术的近视性RRD患者288眼(排除外伤、无晶状体眼、先天性疾患、牵拉性及渗出性视网膜脱离),统计手术解剖复位情况,分析裂孔大小、视网膜脱离时间长短对视力恢复和手术成功率的影响。结果:本文统计结果显示:一次性手术解剖复位245眼,复位率为85.1%,经二次、三次手术后总复位率为95.1%。近视程度及老龄因素对视网膜复位有影响:即近视程度高、年龄大的近视性RRD手术复位率低(P<0.05)。通过手术治疗,术后视力明显好于术前视力(P<0.01);近视程度高的RRD,术后视力恢复差(P<0.01),术后视力有提高的仅有152眼(52.9%),术后视力在0.05以上的有106眼。结论:手术是治疗近视性RRD的有效手段。年龄大的视网膜复位率低;近视程度高的视网膜脱离手术复位率低、术后视力恢复差;近视性孔源性视网膜脱离应重视视功能的恢复。     

单纯孔源性视网膜脱离行微创巩膜外加压术后影响复位和视力的因素分析

目的：探讨单纯孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)行微创巩膜外加压术后影响复位和视力恢复的相关因素。

方法：收集2014-12/2017-10于我院就诊的初发RRD患者296例296眼作为研究对象,所有患者行微创巩膜外加压术,观察术后视网膜复位率以及BCVA,并对可能影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的因素进行分析。

结果：首次行微创巩膜外加压术后复位成功272眼(91.9%)。围术期影响视网膜复位的因素有裂孔数、视网膜脱离范围以及C1级PVR。随访6mo时,BCVA≥0.4者 196眼(66.2%),BCVA<0.4者 100眼(33.8%)。病程长短、术前BCVA、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑累及与否是影响术后BCVA的危险因素(均P<0.05),术前BCVA是影响术后BCVA恢复的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：微创巩膜外加压术治疗RRD疗效确切,术后复位率较高,对于RRD患者需早发现早治疗。     

孔源性视网膜脱离患者术后对比敏感度

目的 了解视力恢复良好的孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)术后对比敏感度情况,并进一步分析其与有无累及黄斑的相关性.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.选取50例(50眼)术后最佳矫正视力达到或超过4.9的单纯性RRD患眼,根据术前光学相干断层扫描检查结果分为黄斑脱离组(20眼)和黄斑未脱离组(30眼).另选30例(30眼)作为正常对照组.术后采用CSV- 1000E测定各组在眩光及无眩光状态下的对比敏感度.最佳矫正视力、各空间频率的对比敏感度值比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD t检验.结果 平均随访(12.2±5.3)个月,3组间最佳矫正视力差异无统计学意义(F=2.200,P＞0.05).在有眩光和无眩光状态下,黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组在各个空间频率下都低于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(F=12.577～45.438,P均＜0.01).黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组在有眩光18.0 c/d空间频率的对比敏感度分别为0.69±0.33、0.87±0.23,差异有统计学意义(t=2.418,P＜0.05),其余空间频率黄斑脱离组和黄斑未脱离组差异无统计学意义.结论 尽管部分RRD患者视力可以恢复良好,但对比敏感度仍不能恢复至正常人水平.与术前黄斑未脱离者相比,术前黄斑脱离的患者术后有眩光18.0 c/d状态下的对比敏感度较差.     

孔源性视网膜脱离伴黄斑脱离巩膜扣带术后影响视力的因素分析

背景巩膜扣带术是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）的主流手术之一,近年来随着手术技巧的改进,视网膜的复位率逐渐提高,术后视功能的恢复仍是备受关注的问题。目的分析RRD伴黄斑脱离患者巩膜扣带术后影响视力的因素。方法对116例116眼行巩膜扣带术的RRD伴黄斑脱离患者的临床资料和随访资料进行回顾性分析,按不同年龄、病程的长短、术前视力及视网膜裂孔情况、视网膜裂孔的位置与数目、视网膜脱离的范围及隆起度、手术过程中是否放液、玻璃体腔是否注气等分别分组后进行∥检验,并将确定的统计量与术后视力进行Logistic多因素线性回归分析,分析年龄、术前视力、病程、屈光度等多种因素与术后视力预后的关联情况。结果χ^2检验结果表明,不同的术前视力、病程长短对术后视力预后的影响差异均有统计学意义（P=0．002,P=0．009）;Logistic多因素回归分析发现,术前视力是影响术后视力恢复的独立危险因素（P=0．009）,术前视力与术后视力预后有线性相关关系（r=0．400,P=0．000）,术前视力≥0．05的患者术后视力恢复至0．4的可能性是术前视力〈0．05患者的3倍（OR=2．992）。本组患者病程≤7d、术前视力〉0．05者行巩膜扣带术后视力预后较好。结论RRD伴黄斑脱离患者行巩膜扣带术后影响视力恢复的主要因素为术前视力和病程,提示RRD伴黄斑脱离时应在7d内早期手术,最晚不宜超过10d,以免影响视功能的恢复。     

孔源性视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变视网膜切开术后预后因素分析

目的 研究孔源性视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)患者视网膜切开术后视网膜解剖和功能结果与预计影响冈素之间的关系.设计同顾性病例系列.研究对象99例(102眼)孔源性视网膜脱离伴PVR行视网膜切开术者.方法 采用多元Logistic回归分析法分析术前视力、术前手术次数、视网膜脱离范围、PVR病变程度、硅油填充时间、视网膜切丌范围、硅油取出与否与术后视力、术后视网膜复位情况及低眼压的相关性.主要指标多种因素的OR值.结果 术前视力、术前手术次数、硅油填充时间、硅油取出与否、视网膜切开范围对术后视力的影响有统计学意义(OR:1.13-5.33,P均＜0.05);术前手术次数、硅油取出与否对术后视网膜复位的影响有统计学意义(OR:2.55～3.79,P均＜0.05);硅油取出与否对术后低眼压的影响有统计学意义(OR:0.26,P=0.001).结论 适时地硅油取出、小范围的视网膜切开、较少的术前操作和较好的术前视力是孔源性视网膜脱离伴PVR患者视网膜切开术后获得较好视网膜解剖和功能结果的影响因素,建议应在PVR进展早期行视网膜切开手术.(眼科,2008,17:262-264)     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后黄斑区视网膜外核层厚度与视力关系的研究

目的使用相干光层析成像术(OCT)分析孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)患者硅油填充术后黄斑区视网膜外核层厚度与术后视力的相关性。方法研究纳入43例(43只眼)行玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充的RRD患者,根据视网膜脱离是否累及黄斑区,分为黄斑区脱离组(n=30)和黄斑区未脱离组(n=13)。分别于术前和术后3个月时行海德堡Spectralis OCT扫描,检查logMAR最佳矫正视力(BCVA),比较术前术后及两组之间黄斑中心凹处视网膜外核层厚度(ONLT),并使用Pearson相关分析进一步探讨其与术后视力的相关性。结果RRD患者术前ONLT平均为(102.96±33.79)μm,术后3个月时为(106.12±36.00)μm,患眼术前ONLT与术后3个月时的ONLT呈正相关(r=0.99,P<0.001)。患眼术后3个月的ONLT与最终的logMAR BCVA呈负相关(r=-0.73,P<0.001)。黄斑区脱离组术前术后ONLT均低于黄斑区未脱离组(均P<0.001)。黄斑区脱离组的术后视力同样也低于黄斑区未脱离组(P<0.001)。结论根据黄斑中心凹的ONLT可以预测RRD患者术后视力,黄斑区脱离型RRD患者术后ONLT和视力均低于未脱离型RRD。     

孔源性视网膜脱离成功复位后中心凹形态与视力的关系

目的 评价孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)巩膜扣带术后黄斑中心凹形态与最佳矫正视力(Best-corrected visual acuity, BCVA)的关系.方法 回顾性连续病例观察研究.对象为73例(73只眼)RRD患者,男39例(53.4％),女34例(46.6％),平均年龄(46.6±11.2)岁,均行巩膜冷凝扣带术成功视网膜复位.其中孔源性视网膜脱离累及黄斑者48只眼,未累及黄斑者25只眼.术后利用SD-OCT (spectral domain-optical coherence tomography)扫描患眼后极部视网膜评估黄斑中心凹的结构.评价患者成功术后中心凹形态与BCVA的关系.结果 SD-OCT扫描发现术后黄斑中心凹视网膜异常眼59只眼(80.8％).黄斑中心凹持续视网膜下液者47只眼(64.4％),黄斑前膜16只眼(21.9％),视网膜水肿11只眼(15.1％),感光细胞内外节(IS/OS)连接中断或消失33只眼(45.2％).31只眼视网膜下液全部吸收,平均吸收时间(5.8±2.6)个月.其中IS/OS连接中断或消失均出现在术前视网膜脱离累及黄斑眼中.伴有视网膜下液、黄斑前膜和视网膜水肿眼的术后最佳矫正视力与无上述视网膜异常眼之间差异无统计学意义.术后最佳矫正视力IS/OS连接完好眼显著优于IS/OS连接中断或消失眼(P ＜0.001).Logistic回归分析显示患者中心凹IS/OS连接形态显著影响术后最佳矫正视力(r=0.835,P＜0.001),其余中心凹异常未见显著影响.结论 孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后,视网膜下液吸收缓慢,约需6个月.术后感光细胞层内外节形态与术后视力显著相关,其异常形态可能为术后视力不全恢复的决定性因素.     

Soluble TNF receptors in vitreoretinal proliferative disease

PURPOSE: To measure vitreous levels of soluble TNF-receptors (sTNF-Rs) types I and II in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), uncomplicated or complicated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To examine whether there is any relationship between vitreous levels of sTNF-Rs and clinical features of these conditions and between vitreous sTNF-Rs and TNFalpha levels and serum levels of sTNF-RS: METHODS: Vitreous levels of sTNF-Rs and TNFalpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 eyes with PVR, 30 eyes with uncomplicated RRD, and 29 eyes with PDR. Vitreous from eyes of 10 deceased donors and 9 eyes with macular holes served as control specimens. Serum levels of sTNF-Rs were measured in 17 patients with PDR and 21 patients with PVR. RESULTS: Vitreous levels of sTNF-Rs I and II were increased in eyes with PVR, RRD, and PDR when compared with control eyes (P < 0.002). However, vitreous levels of sTNF-Rs I and II were higher in eyes with PVR than in eyes with RRD (P < 0.01) or PDR (P < 0.03). This contrasted with the findings that serum sTNF-Rs were higher in PDR than in PVR (P < 0.016) and that vitreous levels of TNFalpha were higher in eyes with PDR than in eyes with PVR (P < 0.0005). In PVR, vitreous sTNF-Rs levels were associated with the duration of retinal detachment, number of previous external operations, and grade of severity, whereas in PDR these levels were not related to the type or duration of diabetes or its complication with traction retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest the existence of TNF inhibitory mechanisms within the eye during retinal processes of inflammation and angiogenesis. That high vitreous levels of sTNF-Rs relate to severity of retinopathy suggests that these molecules may constitute reactive products of inflammation. Effective control of TNFalpha activity by sTNF-Rs within the retinal microenvironment may determine the outcome and severity of retinal proliferative conditions.     

视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生的危险因素

目的 探讨孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy, PVR）发生的临床危险因素。 方法 采用病例对照研究方法，回顾性分析4031例（4031只眼）PVR低于C1级、行视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术患者的临床资料。记录患眼眼压值、晶状体和玻璃体状态、视网膜脱离特征、是否伴发脉络膜脱离 等22个临床特征。4031例患者中，有2660例手术后随访时间3个月以上，其中72例 （72只眼）因为巩膜扣带术后［12~210 d ,平均时间（60.3±41.0）d］发生严重PVR导致视网膜再脱离，回到我科行第2次玻璃体切割术，纳入PVR组；从剩下的2588例患者资料中随机调取72例（72只眼）视网膜复位3个月以上患者的临床资料纳入对照组。应用SPSS（10.0）软件将2组分析结果进行单元和多元Logistic回归分析。 结果 视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重PVR发生的相关因素为：巩膜扣带术前呈现不完全性玻璃体后脱离 （P<0.001），眼压低于7 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)(P＜0.002），以及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2个视盘直径(disc diameter,DD)（P＜0.005）。 结论 孔源性视网膜脱离患者巩膜扣带术前有不完全性玻璃体后脱离、低眼压及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2 DD可能是PVR发生的主要危险因素。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：141-143）     

Characteristics and surgical outcomes of paediatric retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical and visual outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the paediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of children (aged 0-15 years) who underwent primary surgical repair for RRD at the Hiroshima University Hospital between 1988 and 2001. RESULTS: In all 53 eyes of 49 patients were identified; paediatric RRD accounted for 3.1% of 1779 eyes with RRD operated on during this period. The causes of RRD included blunt trauma (27%), myopia (25%), idiopathic (20%), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (13%), and others. Among 55 eyes, 12 (22%) already had proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C or D preoperatively. The median initial visual acuity (VA) was 0.3. Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 78%. Final retinal reattachment was achieved in 87%. Retinal reattachment rates with and without PVR were 42% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01). Median final VA was 0.7. Final VA was > or =0.1 in 73% and > or =0.5 in 53%; four eyes had a final VA of no light perception. The presence of preoperative PVR (P=0.03) and the initial VA (P<0.0001) significantly affected final VA. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric RRD is characterised by a delay in diagnosis, as evidenced by the high rate of PVR at presentation. Retinal reattachment was adversely affected by the presence of PVR. Final VA correlated with the initial VA and was significantly affected by preoperative PVR. Early diagnosis may improve the visual prognosis of paediatric retinal detachment.     

Outcomes and predictors of vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade in retinal detachments complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy

AIM: To evaluate outcomes and determine factors influencing the outcomes of vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) endotamponade for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: This is a retrospective, interventional case series of eyes with PVR grade C associated RRD with or without prior surgery that underwent vitreoretinal surgery and SO tamponade. Eyes with a minimum follow-up of 6mo after SO extraction were included. Eyes were classified into three PVR subgroups according to severity and extension of proliferation. The influence of several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors upon the functional and anatomical outcomes was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A hundred and one eyes of 101 patients that met the inclusion criteria were studied. Seventy-five of 101 eyes (74.3%) had successful retinal reattachment after one operation. Increased aqueous cell and flare at the first week exam had a statistically significant association with redetachment, recurrent membrane proliferation and keratopathy. Visual acuity improvement was significantly associated with faint postoperative aqueous inflammation values, primary vitrectomy and PVR outside of the posterior pole. CONCLUSION: Although encouraging anatomical and functional outcomes are achieved after vitrectomy and SO tamponade in eyes with RRD complicated by PVR, an increase in aqueous flare or cells at the first week follow-up is most likely to result in postoperative late complications. Primary vitrectomy, PVR associated with minimal posterior pole extension and absent to mild postoperative aqueous inflammation are associated with improved post-operative final visual acuity.     

Juvenile rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To review the clinical features, evaluate visual, and anatomical outcomes and potential complications following surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in juveniles. METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive case series of children and young adults (birth through 18 years) who underwent surgerys for RRD between February 1999 and January 2002. RESULTS: The authors reviewed a consecutive series of 111 eyes of 105 juveniles [86 (77.47%) eyes belonged to male and 25 (22.52%) to female subjects] operated for RRD. The mean age of patients was 13.62 years. Bilateral retinal detachment was present in 12 (10.8%); 51 (46%) patients had some form of bilateral ocular pathology at initial presentation. The two most common aetiologies were non-penetrating trauma (45.04%) and myopia (41.44%). Decreased vision was the most frequent symptom. The mean duration of symptoms was 165.36 days. The commonest retinal break was a retinal hole (34.23%). Late diagnosis was common, evidenced by high frequency of macular detachment (97.29%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (45.94%) at initial presentation. The most commonly performed primary surgery was scleral buckle (61.26%). The average postoperative follow-up after the first procedure was 10 months (range 8-19 months). Final retinal reattachment was accomplished in 78.37% (87/111) with a mean of 1.29 surgeries per eye. Improvement, no change and decline in vision was seen in 50 (48%), 32 (31%) and 22 (21%) eyes respectively. CONCLUSION: Non-penetrating injury and myopia were the most common cause for RRD in juveniles. Fellow eyes commonly had vision-threatening abnormalities. Final anatomical and visual recovery rates were encouraging despite late initial presentation and high rates of macular detachment, and PVR at initial presentation.     

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE: To assess the potential role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to investigate its possible interaction with the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). METHODS: We assayed MCP-1 and MIF levels in the vitreous samples of 85 consecutive patients with PVR (29 eyes), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD; 22 eyes), and macular hole or idiopathic epimacular membrane (controls; 34 eyes), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Vitreous levels of MCP-1 were 1760.7 +/- 471.3 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) in PVR patients, 1200.4 +/- 579.8 pg/mL in RRD patients, and 436.3 +/- 286.1 pg/mL in the controls. Vitreous MCP-1 levels in PVR patients were significantly higher than those in RRD patients and in the controls (P <.0001, respectively). MCP-1 levels in grade C of PVR (1883.7 +/- 479.5 pg/mL) were significantly greater than those in grade D (1437.8 +/- 258.8 pg/mL) (P =.0112). Vitreous concentrations of MCP-1 had no correlation with those of MIF. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the possibility that MCP-1 may have a role mainly in the early stage of PVR and that the role of MCP-1 in PVR may differ from that of MIF.