一氧化碳中毒不同时段高压氧治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨对一氧化碳中毒患者采用高压氧治疗的不同时机对治疗效果的影响。方法对我院2011年1月至2013年4月收治的84例一氧化碳中毒患者随机分为观察组和对照组各42例,两组采用常规的抗感染、水电解质平衡、呼吸道护理措施进行治疗,观察组在一氧化碳中毒12 h内就进行高压氧治疗,对照组在一氧化碳中毒12 h后进行高压氧治疗。比较两组患者治疗20天后的临床疗效、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碳氧血红蛋白(HBCO)、TNF-ɑ、IL-6及治疗后相关后遗症发生率的差异。结果治疗前两组患者的SOD、HBCO、TNF-ɑ、IL-6比较不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组的SOD、HBCO、TNF-ɑ、IL-6与治疗前进行组内比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组各种临床指标均显著好转;治疗后两组间SOD、HBCO、TNF-ɑ、IL-6比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的疗效分布、总有效率比较差异均不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中,观察组的平均昏迷时间、迟发性脑病发生率显著低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组病死率比较差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究发现在发生一氧化碳中毒后12 h内进行高压氧治疗能够有效降低治疗后迟发型脑病的发生率。     

Treatment of severe carbon monoxide poisoning using a portable hyperbaric oxygen chamber

We report the first case of suspected carbon monoxide poisoning treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy by using a portable hyperbaric stretcher. A 40-year-old British man in Kabul, Afghanistan, was found unresponsive in his apartment. Initial treatment consisted of oxygen by mask at a Combat Support Hospital for several hours, with minimal improvement. Operational security and risk prevented his immediate evacuation to the nearest fixed hyperbaric facilities. He was subsequently treated twice using an Emergency Evacuation Hyperbaric Stretcher, according to the US Navy Diving Manual treatment Table 9. The patient showed marked neurologic improvement after the first treatment and experienced near complete recovery before eventual evacuation. This case illustrates the practical use of portable chambers for the treatment of suspected cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in an austere environment.     

The occurrence of delayed neuropsychologic sequelae in acute carbon monoxide poisoning patients after treatment with hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen therapy

This study aimed at assessing which one of the 2 therapies is better for treating carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from the perspective of reducing delayed neuropsychologic sequelae (DNS).We used Taiwan''s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to conduct a nationwide population-based cohort study to assess which therapy is better for CO poisoning patients. To accurately identify patients with DNS, the definition of DNS is included neurological sequelae, and cognitive and psychological sequele. The independent variable was therapy and the dependent variable was DNS occurred within 1 year after discharge from a medical institution. The control variables were age, gender, the severity of CO poisoning, and comorbidities present before CO poisoning admission.The risk of developing DNS in patients treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) was 1.87-fold (P < .001) than normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy. The severity of CO poisoning and comorbidities were also found to have significant influences on the risk of developing DNS.HBO may be a risk therapy for treating CO poisoning.     

Outcome of patients experiencing cardiac arrest with carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the outcome of a subgroup of patients with extreme carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, specifically those discovered in cardiac arrest, resuscitated, and subsequently treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)). Opinions of hyperbaric medicine physicians regarding the treatment of such patients were also sought. METHODS: Records of patients treated with HBO(2) for acute CO poisoning at Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle from September 1987 to August 2000 were reviewed. Those who were resuscitated from cardiac arrest in the field before HBO(2) treatment were selected for detailed analysis. Patient demographic data and information regarding circumstances of the poisoning, resuscitation, HBO(2) treatment, and subsequent course were extracted and collated. In addition, a postal survey of medical directors of North American HBO(2) treatment facilities regarding opinions about the management and outcome of such patients was performed. RESULTS: A total of 18 patients were treated with HBO(2) after resuscitation from CO-associated cardiac arrest. They included 10 female and 8 male patients ranging in age from 3 to 72 years. Sources of CO included house fires (10 patients) and automobile exhaust (8 patients). Patient carboxyhemoglobin levels averaged 31.7%+/-11.0% (mean+/-SD), and arterial pH averaged 7.14+/-0.19. Presenting cardiac rhythm was a bradydysrhythmia in 10 of 18 patients. HBO(2) treatment was administered an average of 4.3 hours after poisoning (< or = 3 hours in 10 patients and < or = 6 hours in 15 patients). Despite this, all 18 patients died during their hospitalizations. Medical directors of hyperbaric treatment facilities estimated a 74% likelihood of survival for a hypothetical patient with this presentation. CONCLUSION: In this consecutive case series, cardiac arrest complicating CO poisoning was uniformly fatal, despite administration of HBO(2) therapy after initial resuscitation. Survey results suggest that physician education regarding this subset of CO-poisoned patients is needed. The prognosis of this condition should be considered when making triage and treatment decisions for patients poisoned to this severity.     

Treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen: A review of 115 cases

From January 1978 through March 1984, 115 cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Exposure resulted from accidental sources (n = 39), attempted suicide (n = 47), and smoke inhalation (n = 29). Forty-one victims were never unconscious, 30 victims were unconscious at the scene but awoke before arriving at the hospital, and 44 victims were unconscious in the ED. Eleven patients (9.6%) died, and two victims (1.9% of the survivors) experienced major sequelae. All these patients were comatose on arrival. The remaining 102 patients recovered fully. Carboxyhemoglobin levels did not correlate with clinical findings, thereby demonstrating the variability between carbon monoxide exposure and impairment of the cellular cytochrome system. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitates the rapid removal of carbon monoxide from the hemoglobin and cytochrome systems while reoxygenating compromised tissues, and it can be an effective treatment in reducing mortality and morbidity.     

高压氧联合机械通气治疗重度急性一氧化碳中毒的疗效简

目的 探讨高压氧联合机械通气治疗重度急性一氧化碳中毒的疗效.方法 选取2010年1月～2012年12月于我院MICU进行治疗的28例重度CO中毒患者为研究对象,将其分为对照组（高压氧组）和观察组（高压氧联合机械通气组）各14例,两组患者均同时给予预防感染、防治脑水肿、促进脑细胞代谢等治疗.结果 观察组平均住院时间、昏迷时间短于对照组;迟发性脑病发生率低于对照组;总有效率高于对照组.治疗后6 h,24 h观察组的血氧分压（PaO2） 、碱剩余增加高于对照组,血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、CRP、TNF-α、心肌酶谱水平均低于对照组.结论 高压氧联合机械通气治疗重度急性一氧化碳中毒可明显减轻病情,缩短住院时间,改善预后.     

高压氧治疗对一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病大鼠海马组织中炎症因子表达的影响

目的 研究高压氧(HBO)治疗对一氧化碳中毒(COP)后迟发性脑病(DEACMP)大鼠海马组织中炎症因子表达的影响.方法 将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(NC组)、迟发性脑病组(DEACMP组)、高压氧治疗组(HBO组),每组16只,另12只备用补充.Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠学习记忆能力;HE染色法观察各...     

Diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common occurrence in today's society. Most such poisonings are a direct consequence of inhaling the toxic byproducts of combustion. Exposure to toxic amounts of CO occurs most often during inhalation of automobile exhaust or smoke resulting either from faulty heating systems or industrial accidents. CO poisoning is associated primarily with injury to the brain and the heart because the gas binds to hemoglobin and interferes with these organs' need for a continuous supply of oxygen. Prompt recognition of CO poisoning and treatment of the patient with oxygen are essential to prevent long-term damage and delayed neurologic sequelae.     

Assessment of myocardial injury in the emergency department independently predicts the short-term poor outcome in patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning receiving mechanical ventilation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

ObjectivesPatients with severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are often prone to unconsciousness and respiratory distress and as a result will receive mechanical ventilation and hyperbaric oxygen (MV-HBO) therapy. Factors associated with poor outcome at discharge are less defined in this patient population. This study was conducted to identify the prognostic predictors of short-term poor outcome in severely CO-poisoned patients receiving MV-HBO therapy.MethodsThe departmental database and the medical records of 81 patients treated with MV-HBO therapy were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were extracted for analysis. HBO therapy with 2.5 or 2.8 atmosphere absolute (ATA) was administered to these patients. Short-term poor outcome was defined as an in-hospital death or neurologic sequelae at discharge. All patients were divided into two groups: those with a poor outcome and those without a poor outcome.ResultsNine patients died while in the hospital, 32 patients had neurologic sequelae at discharge, and the incidence of poor outcome was 50.6%. Parameters that were assessed in the emergency department (ED) and highly associated with patients with a poor outcome included myocardial injury, typical findings on brain computed tomography related to CO poisoning, and higher serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, troponin-I, and C-reactive protein. These poor outcomes were also correlated with prolonged lag times from the end of CO exposure to ED arrival and from ED arrival to HBO therapy. In a multivariate analysis, myocardial injury was the only independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.012–67.610; p = 0.049).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that myocardial injury assessed at ED arrival independently predicts the short-term poor outcome in severely CO-poisoned patients who receive MV-HBO therapy. Emergency physicians could use this objective marker to identify patients with an increased risk of poor outcome at discharge and refine the treatment protocol by shortening the time of patient transport and administering HBO therapy as soon as possible.     

一氧化碳中毒应用不同氧疗法的疗效观察

目的探讨对一氧化碳中毒患者采用不同氧疗方法治疗的临床疗效。方法对我院2011年1月至2013年4月收治的64例一氧化碳中毒患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,两组采用常规的抗感染、水电解质平衡、呼吸道护理措施进行治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用高氧液静脉液体给氧治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上加高压氧舱进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗20天后的临床疗效、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碳氧血红蛋白(HBCO)、TNF-ɑ、IL-6及治疗后遗症的差异。结果治疗前两组患者的SOD、HBCO、TNF-ɑ、IL-6比较两组间差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组的SOD、HBCO、TNF-ɑ、IL-6与治疗前进行组内比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组各种临床指标均显著好转;治疗后两组间SOD、HBCO、比较差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),TNF-ɑ、IL-6比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗20天后,两组的疗效分布、总有效率比较差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组病死率比较差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),两组迟发型脑病、平均昏迷时间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组的迟发型脑病、平均昏迷时间均显著低于对照组。结论对一氧化碳中毒患者采用高氧液静脉液体给氧治疗与高压氧舱进行治疗的疗效相当,但是治疗后后遗症发生率更低。     

Carbon monoxide poisoning: risk factors for cognitive sequelae and the role of hyperbaric oxygen

RATIONALE: Carbon monoxide poisoning is common and causes cognitive sequelae. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) reduces cognitive sequelae incidence, but which patients may benefit from HBO(2) is unclear. OBJECTIVES: Risk factor determination for 6-wk cognitive sequelae from CO poisoning and risk modification with HBO(2). METHODS: Patients were from a randomized controlled trial, enrolling acutely CO-poisoned patients more than 15 years of age. Patients eligible but not enrolled in the randomized trial, and not receiving HBO(2), were followed during the study interval. In patients not receiving HBO(2), we performed univariate analyses including risk factors identified by randomized trial subgroup analyses. A multivariable analysis was performed using univariate results with and without HBO(2). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In 163 patients not receiving HBO(2), 68 (42%) manifested sequelae. Risk factors for sequelae from subgroup analyses were loss of consciousness, age of 36 years or more, and carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 25%. By univariate analyses, risks for sequelae were age of 36 years or more (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.9; P = 0.005), and exposure intervals greater than or equal to 24 hours (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.8; P = 0.019). Including 75 patients receiving HBO(2), cognitive sequelae was reduced in patients age of 36 years or more (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6; P < 0.001). Exposure intervals greater than or equal to 24 hours are an independent risk factor for sequelae (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-3.8; P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: HBO(2) oxygen is indicated for patients with acute CO poisoning who are 36 years or older or have exposure intervals greater than or equal to 24 hours. In addition, subgroup analyses support that patients with loss of consciousness or higher carboxyhemoglobin levels warrant HBO(2).     

Biliary stricture as a possible late complication of radiation therapy

Eleven years after resection of hilar bile duct cancer with postoperative radiation therapy, we experienced a case in which biliary stricture developed. The segment of stricture was proximal to the anastomosis, the same area where irradiation had been performed. There was no sign of recurrence of the bile duct cancer in ultrasonography, computed tomography, and biopsy of the stenotic region. It was suspected that the stricture was a late complication of the postoperative radiation therapy.     

The potential of hyperbaric oxygen as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases

The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2040, neurodegenerative diseases will be the second leading cause of death in developed countries, overtaking cancer-related deaths and exceeded only by cardiovascular disease–related death. The search for interventions has therefore become paramount to alleviate some of this burden. Based on pathways affected in neurodegenerative diseases, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) could be a good candidate. This therapy has been used for the past 50 years for conditions such as decompression sickness and wound healing and has been shown to have promising effects in conditions associated with neurodegeneration and functional impairments. The goal of this review was to explore the history of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, its uses, and benefits, and to evaluate its effectiveness as an intervention in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we examined common mechanisms underlying the effects of HBOT in different neurodegenerative diseases, with a special emphasis on epigenetics.