神经外科术后昏迷患者早期肠内营养支持研究

目的 探讨神经外科术后昏迷病人早期肠内营养支持.方法 将60例神经外科术后昏迷病人随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组,每组20例.Ⅰ组为术后早期全肠外营养;Ⅱ组为术后早期自制营养液序贯营养支持加肠外营养;Ⅲ组术后早期自制营养液、能全力肠内营养混悬液序贯营养支持加肠外营养.观察术后l周血清电解质及术后第9天血清总蛋白TP（g/L）、血清白蛋白ALB （g/L）变化情况,并比较上消化道出血、肺部感染发生率及病死率.结果 Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后上消化道出血、肺部感染发生率及病死率均明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,而Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间无差异显著性意义.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后早期肠内营养,血清总蛋白TP（g/L）、血清白蛋白ALB（g/L）均高于Ⅰ组,血清电解质变化幅度小于Ⅰ组,Ⅲ组各项指标优于Ⅱ组.结论 神经外科术后昏迷病人早期自制营养液、能全力肠内营养混悬液序贯营养支持加肠外营养可改善术后病人营养状况,维持水、电解质平衡,降低并发症发生率及病死率.     

消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养对免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨消化道肿瘤病人术后早期肠内营养对机体免疫功能的影响.方法 51例消化道恶性肿瘤病人随机分为早期肠内营养组(enteral nutrition EN组)与肠外营养(parenteral nutrition PN组),EN组27例,PN组24例.EN组术后24h开始经鼻胃管予以肠内营养液能全力,PN组给予等氮、等热卡的肠外营养,营养支持共7d.两组病人分别术前和术后第1d、第8d检测免疫指标C3、C4、IgA、IgM、IgG和CD3 、CD4 、CD8 及CD4 /CD8 ,并观察有无严重并发症,肠蠕动恢复时间和感染率变化.结果 术后第1天两组病人IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 比值均较术前有所下降,而术后第8天早期EN组IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 等免疫指标迅速恢复,与PN组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).两组病人在观察期间均无严重并发症,早期EN组病人胃肠功能恢复时间较PN组明显缩短(P＜0.01),早期EN组感染率(12%)较PN组低.结论 消化道恶性肿瘤术后早期肠内营养支持可以恢复和改善病人的免疫功能,并有利于胃肠功能的恢复,降低病人术后感染率.     

不同营养支持途径对机械通气患者营养状态的影响

目的　观察肠内营养与肠外营养及肠外、肠内序贯营养支持对患者营养状态的影响。方法　将 93例肺心病呼吸衰竭机械通气患者随机分为A组 (单纯肠内营养组 ,EN组 ) ;B组 (单纯肠外营养组 ,TPN组 ) ;C组 (肠外、肠内序贯营养组 ) ,每组 31例。观察患者各营养支持 1周后的血清白蛋白 (ALB)、总蛋白 (TP)和血红蛋白 (HB)的变化。结果　C组在血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白等营养状态指标上优于A、B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肠外、肠内序贯营养支持较单纯肠外营养和肠内营养支持更为合理 ,能更好地改善患者的营养状态。     

不同营养支持疗法对胃癌根治术后患者营养及免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨不同营养支持疗法及营养液对胃癌根治术后的影响。方法：回顾分析2011年1月至2012年12月间于我科行胃癌根治性手术的患者90例,依据营养支持方案不同分为A、B、C三组,每组各30例,A、B组为肠内营养组,分别采用安素及百普力进行肠内营养支持治疗,C组采用肠外营养支持治疗,对比三组患者术前及术后9d营养及免疫指标变化,并观察三组患者胃肠道功能恢复时间及并发症发生情况。结果：A、B组术后各项营养、免疫指标均显著优于C组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;A、B两组营养、免疫指标比较无统计学差异（ P＞0．05）;A、B组患者胃肠道功能恢复时间显著短于C组（P＜0．05）,A、B组间比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：早期肠内营养支持疗法可有效改善胃癌根治术患者围手术期的营养状况及免疫功能,并能促进胃肠道功能恢复,对胃癌根治术后患者恢复起积极作用;安素肠内营养粉剂做为肠内营养支持营养液,价格较低,更加经济,值得临床推广应用。     

肠内肠外营养在重度颅脑损伤病人中的应用

目的 探讨重度颅脑损伤后早期不同营养途径的合理性及临床意义.方法 将GCS≤8分的重度颅脑损伤患者随机分为试验组(肠内、肠外序贯营养支持组)、对照组(单纯肠内营养组,EN),每组各24例.结果 两组病人营养治疗后血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)均明显升高,体重略下降.两组病人伤后21天时各项营养指标无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 重度颅脑损伤后早期肠外、肠内序贯营养支持等同于传统匀浆膳加用乳清蛋白.     

肠内营养时机的选择对胰十二指肠切除患者术后恢复的影响

目的 探讨肠内营养时机的选择对胰十二指肠切除患者术后免疫功能、肠功能恢复及并发症的影响。方法 纳入2016年1月～2017年12月期间我院收治的120例行胰十二指肠切除术治疗的患者,并随机分为A、B和C组,每组40例;A组患者术后12 h内开始肠内营养支持,B组患者24 h内开始营养支持,C组患者48 h后开始营养支持。记录并分析各组患者术后体重、ALB、PA、CD4+/CD8+、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、进食时间、拔除鼻肠管时间及并发症发生率。结果 术后10d时B组体重、ALB、PA及CD4+/CD8+的恢复状况显著好于A、C组（P＜0.05）;术后B组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、进食时间及拔除鼻肠管时间显著低于A、C组（P＜0.05）;且B组术后总并发症发生率明显低于A、C组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 行胰十二指肠切除术治疗患者在术后24h内采用肠内营养干预可有效提高患者免疫功能及肠功能恢复时间,减少并发症,改善患者预后和生活质量。     

肠内营养干预对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 分析探讨肠内营养干预对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响.方法 将80例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者随机分为A组(肠外营养干预组)与B组(肠内营养干预组),各40例.分析比较两组患者术前、术后的免疫功能.结果 术后8d,B组的NK细胞活性、CD3+、CD4+、IgA、IgM的含量均较术前显著升高(P＜0.05),但CD8和IgG与术前比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),A组术后的NK细胞活性、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白与术前比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).B组术后的各项免疫指标均明显高于A组(P＜0.05).结论 肠内营养干预可以显著提高胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的机体免疫功能,提高患者的生命质量,值得临床广泛推广.     

精氨酸增强的胃肠外营养对结直肠癌患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨精氨酸 增强的胃肠外营养对结直肠癌患者术后的免疫功能的影响。方法：随机选择在南方医院普外科住院治疗的40例结直肠癌患者，术后分别接受常规肠外营养支持或精氨酸增强的肠外营养支持（20 g/d）1周，检测及分析术前、术后不同时期的免疫功能（包括CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 、CD4^ /CD8^ 、IL-2R、NK、C3、C4、CH50、IgG、IgA、IgA等指标）。结果：直肠癌患者入院时均有明显的免疫抑制，精氨酸增强的肠外营养支持组患者的免疫功能（CD4^ 、CD4^ /CD8^ 、NK、IL-2R)在术后第4天、第7天与对照组相比有明显差异（P＜0．05）。结论：精氨酸能改善大肠癌患者术后的免疫功能，增进肠外营养的效果。     

肠外和肠内贯序营养支持对急性脑出血早期预后的影响

目的探讨肠外和肠内贯序营养支持对急性脑出血早期预后的影响.方法将出血量为40～70ml,GCS评分<7分的急性脑出血50例随机分为A组( 肠内和肠外贯序营养方法),B组(肠外营养).从起病48h后开始给予营养支持,观察营养支持治疗2周后的住院病死率、并发症发生率、意识状态(GCS评分)、运动功能(FMA)和运动能力(MBI)的变化.结果肠外和肠内贯序营养在病死率和意识程度改善、多脏器功能衰竭和感染并发症的发生率及肢体运动功能和生活自理能力的恢复上明显优于单纯肠外营养.结论肠外和肠内贯序营养是根据机体代谢变化采用的阶段性合理安全的营养支持方法,对改善急性脑出血的早期预后具有重要的临床价值.     

早期肠内营养对食管癌术后全身炎性反应及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的　观察食管癌术后早期肠内营养支持对术后营养状态、全身炎性反应、免疫功能的影响。方法　 60例食管癌根治术患者随机分为两组 ,肠内营养组 (enteralnutrition ,EN组 )与肠外营养组 (parenteralnutrition ,PN组 ) ,每组各 3 0例。EN组术后 2 4h以内管喂肠内营养液能全力 ,PN组给予等氮、等热卡的肠外营养 ,营养支持共 7d。观察两组病人术前后营养指标、炎性反应指标及细胞免疫指标的变化。结果　①两组病人术前、后白蛋白变化无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,EN组术后第 8d前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平明显较PN组高 (P <0 .0 5 )。②术后两组病人CRP、IL 6、TNF α水平均明显升高 ,EN组CRP、IL 6、TNF α水平均较PN组低 (P <0 .0 5 )。③CD3 + 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 、NK等细胞免疫指标两组病人术前后变化比较无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　食管癌术后早期肠内营养有利于蛋白合成代谢 ,能减轻术后的全身炎性反应 ,是值得推广的营养支持方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.