类风湿前足畸形第5跖骨头是否切除成形的临床对比研究

目的 ：比较类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)前足畸形重建术第5跖骨头切除成形与不切除的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年5月至2019年1月收治的50例(76足)女性RA致前足中重度畸形患者,依据第5跖趾关节退变情况,行RA前足重建第5跖骨头保留或切除术,分为第5跖骨头保留组(保留组)和第5跖骨头切除组(切除组)。保留组24例,年龄47～81(60.37±8.60)岁;病程13～22(19.00±3.06)年;身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)21～28(23.53±2.47) kg·m^-2;中度拇外翻畸形6例(6足),重度拇外翻畸形18例(30足);采用第1跖趾关节融合联合第2-4跖趾关节成形及第5跖趾关节清理术治疗。切除组26例,年龄30～80(58.53±13.70)岁;病程8～25(17.94±3.92)年;BMI为20～28(24.60±2.03) kg·m^-2;中度拇外翻畸形4例(4足),重度拇外翻畸形22例(36足);采用第1跖趾关节融合联合2-5跖趾关节跖骨头切除成形术治疗...     

第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻

目的总结第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻的临床疗效。方法采用第1跖趾关节融合术矫正18例老年拇外翻患者(20足),并对第2～5趾畸形行跖趾关节成形术,比较术前及末次随访时拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),应用AOFAS评分系统评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间9～24个月。末次随访时,矫形足负重正、侧位X线片显示HVA和IMA均较术前显著减小(P 0. 001);根据AOFAS评分标准评价临床疗效:优1足,良17足,可2足,治疗优良率为18/20。结论第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术可有效矫正老年拇外翻前足畸形,减轻疼痛,降低术后前足疼痛的复发率。     

第1 跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1 跖趾关节炎

目的探讨第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎的临床疗效。方法2016年6月至2018年9月北京中医药大学第三附属医院采用第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎患者26例。手术前后于足负重位X线片上测量足拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价足拇趾疼痛情况,采用美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分评价足拇趾功能。术后随访观察切口和截骨端愈合、足拇趾功能恢复、畸形矫正、并发症发生及足拇外翻复发情况。结果所有患者平均随访时间(14.53±2.45)个月(12~18个月)。所有病例中有1足切口乙级愈合,其余切口均为甲级愈合;末次随访时截骨端均愈合,未出现内固定物失效、转移性跖痛及足拇外翻复发。末次随访时,平均AOFAS足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分从术前(54.38±5.72)分增高至(82.74±1.68)分,平均HVA、IMA及足拇趾VAS评分较术前明显降低。结论第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎畸形矫正效果好,可缓解足拇趾疼痛,足拇趾功能恢复良好,且足拇外翻复发率低、安全性高。     

类风湿足畸形保留2～5跖趾关节手术的临床疗效

[目的]探讨第1跖趾关节融合联合第2～5跖骨远端Weil截骨+滑膜切除治疗中期类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)前足畸形的手术方式并对中短期临床疗效进行评价。[方法]对2015年5月～2019年12月收治的35例中期类风湿性关节炎前足畸形患者进行回顾性分析。采用第1跖趾关节融合联合第2～5跖骨远端Weil截骨、跖趾关节滑膜切除对其进行治疗。通过测量■外翻角(HVA),跖骨间角(IMA),并采用VAS评分和AOFAS评分评估临床疗效。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。35例患者均得到随访,平均随访(24.65±7.12)个月。术前VAS评分(7.00±2.00)分,末次随访时改善至(2.00±1.00)分(P0.05);术前AOFAS评分(36.10±7.40)分,末次随访时改善至(71.30±3.90)分(P0.05);HVA由术前(55.17±10.91)°纠正至术后(15.16±2.93)°(P0.05);IMA由术前(15.28±4.22)°纠正至术后(10.10±5.76)°(P0.05),出现并发症3例。[结论]在类风湿足的中、晚期,通过第1跖趾关节融合术和2～5跖骨的Weil截骨进行关节保留手术可以作为跖骨头切除的替代手术,是前足重建术的有益补充,结合滑膜切除,能有效改善类风湿性前足的畸形和症状。     

第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻

目的 :探讨第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2017年6月,采用第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻32例(40足),其中男3例3足,女29例37足;年龄22～80岁,平均57.57岁;病程2～32年,平均14年;轻度9足,中度31足。术前患者合并拇囊炎,伴有第1跖趾关节周围疼痛并存在负重行走时疼痛加重。手术前后拍摄足负重正侧位片,比较拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用美国足踝外科协会拇外翻评分(AOFAS)评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者获得了随访,时间12～24个月,平均15.2个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无感染、跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。术前HVA、IMA分别由(32.08±5.59)°、(11.63±2.24)°减小至术后12个月的(10.31±4.36)°、(5.02±2.34)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AOFAS评分由术前的56.75±6.42提高至术后12个月的88.80±3.99 (P0.05)。结论:第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻畸形可获得较好的临床效果,为拇外翻治疗提供了更多的选择。     

单纯截骨术矫正第1、2跖骨间角增大型拇外翻的疗效观察

目的:观察单纯运用截骨矫形术治疗拇外翻的疗效,初步探讨其适用范围和条件。方法:自2009年12月至2011年4月,采用单纯截骨术治疗第1、2跖骨间角增大型拇外翻20例(32足),男1例(1足),女19例(31足);年龄22～64岁,平均40岁;病程2～31年,平均12年。轻度6足,中度20足,重度6足;术前患者均有第1跖趾关节疼痛且外侧软组织紧张度检查正常;手术前后对足的应力正位X线的拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)、胫侧籽骨位置进行比较;采用拇外翻疗效评定标准从畸形矫正、拇趾跖趾关节活动度,患者满意度等方面对疗效进行评定。结果:20例均获随访,时间6～18个月,平均8.5个月;术后切口愈合良好,无感染及跖骨头坏死等并发症,95.1%的患者对疗效感觉非常满意或满意。AOFAS评分由术前(53.1±7.5)分提高到最终随访的(93.1±1.9)分(P<0.05);HVA由术前(33.4±7.8)°纠正到(11.9±3.6)°(P<0.05);IMA由术前(12.3±3.0)°提高到(6.3±1.9)°(P<0.05);胫侧籽骨位置由1.9改善致0.9(P<0.05)。结论:.外侧软组织紧张度正常的拇外翻患者其病理变化主要为跖骨内收,仅利用单纯截骨术治疗即可获得满意疗效,无须切断拇收肌。     

第1跖趾关节融合结合Weil截骨或关节成形术治疗重度拇外翻

目的探讨第1跖趾关节融合结合Weil截骨或关节成形术治疗重度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法对12例重度拇外翻畸形患者(14足)采用第1跖趾关节融合结合Weil截骨或关节成形术治疗。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~44个月。术后患足外形均得到良好改善,13足拇外翻疼痛及跖痛消失,第2~5跖骨头下顽固性角化症、硬性胼底消失;1足出现第5跖骨外侧转移性跖痛,经垫前足减压垫缓解。术后患者跖趾关节有不同程度僵硬,经主、被动关节锻炼后,足趾活动度均有改善,未影响日常活动,患者步态及穿鞋要求均获得明显改善。末次随访时,患足AOFAS评分85.48分±2.97分,VAS评分2.41分±0.47分,HVA 14.93°±5.35°,IMA 9.68°±1.87°,各项指标均较术前明显改善(P0.01)。结论采用第1跖趾关节融合结合Weil截骨或关节成形术治疗重度拇外翻畸形,能明显改善前足外形,缓解前足行走疼痛,改善肢体功能,提高患者生活质量。     

旋转Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻合并第1跖骨旋转

目的：探讨旋转Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻（hallux valgus,HV）合并第1跖骨旋转的临床疗效。方法：自2018年1月至2019年10月采用旋转Scarf截骨术治疗35例（40足）HV合并第1跖骨旋转畸形患者,其中男5例,女30例;年龄25～76(40.32±5.43)岁。观察并比较手术前后拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1、2跖骨间角（intermetatarsal angle,IMA）,第1跖骨远端关节面角（distal metatarsal articular angle,DMAA）,第1跖骨长度（the first metatarsal length,FML）,术后采用美国矫形骨科学会足踝外科学组（American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）系统进行功能评价。结果 ：35例（40足）均获得随访,时间12～36(14.35±3.62)个月。HVA、IMA和DMAA分别由术前的（36.32±4.5...     

手术治疗晚期类风湿性关节炎前足畸形近期疗效观察

目的评估第1跖趾关节融合联合第2～5跖趾关节成形术治疗晚期类风湿性关节炎前足畸形的近期疗效。方法 2015年6月至2016年12月手术治疗晚期类风湿性关节炎前足畸形17例31足,男3例5足,女14例26足;年龄49～77岁,平均53岁。患足均存在严重的足母外翻,同时伴第2～5跖趾关节脱位、半脱位及僵硬性锤状趾或爪形趾。比较患足术前、术后X线片上足母外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)及第1～2跖骨间角(inter-metatarsal angle,IMA)改变情况结合马里兰足部评分(Maryland foot score,MFS)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估手术效果。结果本组患者均获随访,随访时间12～21个月,平均15个月。患足外形及步态均明显改善,行走时疼痛消失。术后第1跖趾关节骨不连1例,切口延迟愈合2例,无切口感染、足趾缺血性坏死、足趾畸形复发、跖底胼胝形成等并发症发生。患足MFS评分、VAS评分、HVA、IMA术前分别为(38.42±7.81)分、(8.13±1.15)分、(39.48±6.44)°和(14.74±2.46)°,末次随访时为(82.42±5.05)分、(1.61±0.92)分、(15.23±2.19)°和(9.68±2.06)°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论第1跖趾关节融合联合第2～5跖趾关节成形术能有效矫正晚期类风湿性关节炎前足畸形,缓解疼痛,改善功能,短期疗效满意。     

第1跖骨颈截骨应用“T型阶梯接骨板”内固定治疗外翻

[目的]探讨第1跖骨颈截骨应用T型阶梯接骨板内固定治疗足外翻的疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2013年1月~2014年1月采用T型阶梯接骨板治疗的50例足外翻畸形患者(88足);年龄26~65岁,平均43.6岁,比较术前和术后末次随访时外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)和第1~2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)。根据美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节评分评估患者功能愈后。[结果]有45例(76足)患者获随访,其中男性5例(8足),女性40例(68足);平均随访时间21.3个月(15~27个月),HVA由术前平均(35.1±2.7)°减小至术后平均(17.7±2.0)°(P0.05);IMA由术前平均(13.5±2.5)°减小至术后平均(8.7±0.7)°(P0.05),AOFAS评分由术前平均(45.7±8.6)分提高至术后平均(91.2±4.3)分(P0.05);无感染、骨不愈合和转移性跖骨痛发生,有4例6足(7.9%)出现趾僵硬,2例3足(3.9%)出现足外翻复发。功能评级:优51足,良16足,差9足,优良率为88.2%。[结论]足外翻第1跖骨颈截骨应用T型阶梯接骨板内固定安全可靠,疗效显著。     

Joint preserving surgery for rheumatoid forefoot deformities improves pain and corrects deformity at midterm follow-up

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Conventional surgical treatment involves joint-sacrificing surgery to relieve pain and correct deformity.ObjectivesWe retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with rheumatoid forefoot deformities who underwent 66 joint preserving procedures with Scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal and Weil's shortening osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals.MethodThere were 5 males and 44 females with mean age 56.1 years and mean follow-up 51 months. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically with hallux valgus angle (HVA) and inter-metatarsal angle (IMA).ResultsMean AOFAS score improved from 39.8 preoperatively to 88.7 at final follow-up. Subjectively patients reported their outcome as excellent in 49 feet (74%), good in 9 feet, fair in 7 feet and poor in 1 foot. Five feet had residual stiffness and 11 residual pain. Mean HVA and IMA decreased from 32° to 14° and from 15° to 11° respectively.ConclusionIn intermediate to severe stages of the disease, joint preserving surgery by Scarf osteotomy of the first MTP joint and Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals may be performed as an alternative to joint-sacrificing procedures and should be considered as a complement to the various surgical treatments of the rheumatoid forefoot.     

第一跖趾关节融合联合二至五跖趾关节成形治疗类风湿关节炎致前足畸形

 目的 探讨采用第一跖趾关节融合联合二至五跖趾关节成形治疗类风湿关节炎致前足畸形的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2010年10月采用第一跖趾关节融合联合二至五跖趾关节成形治疗19例(35足)类风湿关节炎致前足畸形患者资料,男2例(4足),女17例(31足);年龄33～73岁,平均56岁。患者均有不同程度外翻锤状趾畸形和跖痛。采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)趾、跖趾、趾间关节评分及视觉模拟(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分评价手术效果。在术前及术后X线片上测量外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)及第一、二跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),了解畸形矫正情况。结果 术后17例(32足)患者获得平均42个月随访,患足外形均得到不同程度改善;29足跖痛完全消失;3足出现第五跖骨外侧转移性跖痛,经垫前足减压垫缓解。1足因趾末节部分坏死而切除。成形的跖趾关节均有不同程度僵硬。AOFAS评分、VAS评分、HVA及IMA度数,术前分别为(46．82±6．13)分、(9.03±1.82)分、38.96°±10.13°、15.87°±3.43°,末次随访时为(84.25±2.87)分、(2.12±0.67)分、15.84°±5.12°、10.35°±1.67°。根据AOFAS评分,优23足,良5足,可4足,优良率为87.5%(28/32)。结论 第一跖趾关节融合联合二至五跖趾关节成形治疗类风湿关节炎致前足畸形效果优良,术后能明显矫正畸形,缓解疼痛,改善功能。     

Rheumatoid forefoot reconstruction: Outcome of 1st metatarsophalangeal joint fusion and the Stainsby procedure in the lesser toes

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving connective tissue and joints. The most common rheumatoid forefoot deformities are hallux valgus and clawed lesser toes. There are a number of surgical procedures that have been described offering symptomatic relief and anatomical correction.ObjectivesThis prospective case series aims to assess outcome in patients with rheumatoid forefoot deformities who underwent a novel combination of 1st metatarsophalangeal joint fusions and Stainsby procedures.MethodsThirteen procedures were performed on 12 consecutive patients with an age range of 55–71 (mean = 62) between 02/2009 and 05/2011. AOFAS scoring was performed preoperatively and again six and 12 months post-surgery. Hallux valgus (HVA) and intermetatarsal angles (IMA) were measured preoperatively and six weeks and six months postoperatively.ResultsThe mean AOFAS score increased from 46 to 72, 12 months postoperatively. The mean HVA reduced from 48° preoperatively to 14° six months postoperatively. The IMA decreased from 15° to 10° six months postoperatively.ConclusionsThe novel approach of 1st metatarsophalangeal fusion combined with lesser toe metatarsal head sparing is an effective procedure that reduces forefoot deformity and pain.     

Metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis after failed Keller-Brandes procedure

BACKGROUND: Keller-Brandes resection arthroplasty for correction of symptomatic hallux valgus deformity can obtain early good results, but late complications, such as recurrence of the deformity and instability of the first ray, have been described. Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal, (MTP) joint can be done as a salvage procedure. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the arthrodesis and its effect on the biomechanics of the first ray. METHODS: Between October, 1999, and December, 2002, arthrodesis of the MTP joint was done after a failed Keller-Brandes procedure in 28 feet of 26 consecutive patients. Twenty patients (22 feet) with a minimum of 24 months followup were available for clinical and radiographic assessment. Pedobarographic measurements were obtained at latest followup in 16 patients (17 feet). RESULTS: Sixteen feet (72%) were pain-free and six feet (28%) had mild, occasional pain. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score increased from a preoperative 44 (range 29 to 67) points to 85 (range 73 to 90) points at longest clinical followup (average 34 months, range 23 to 48, p < 0.001). The average hallux valgus angle was corrected from 24.0 (range 7 to 47) degrees preoperatively to 16.0 (range 0 to 40) degrees postoperatively (p < 0.001). Two feet had pseudoarthroses. Biomechanically, the MTP joint arthrodesis could not fully restore the function of the hallux but produced a significant improvement, allowing a more physiologic loading pattern under the hallux and the metatarsal heads. CONCLUSIONS: First MTP joint arthrodesis after a failed Keller-Brandes procedure is a technically safe and reliable technique. It resulted in a marked reduction of pain and gain of function that produced high patient satisfaction.     

Rheumatoid forefoot reconstruction: 1st metatarsophalangeal fusion and excision arthroplasty of lesser metatarsal heads

This is a retrospective review of 66 feet (mean follow-up of 3 years) in 43 patients with painful severe rheumatoid forefoot deformities. All were treated by arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint through a dorsomedial incision and excision of the lesser metatarsal heads through a separate plantar approach. The mean post-operative AOFAS scores were 65.94 (range: 32 to 82). The mean post-operative Foot Function Index (FFI) was 0.47 (range: 0.23 to 0.63). Eighty five percent (57/67 feet) reported excellent or good pain relief, improved cosmetic appearance, and improved footwear comfort. The mean hallux valgus angles improved from 39 degrees to 16 degrees and the intermetatarsal angle from 16 degrees to 8 degrees. Five feet had nonunion of the 1st MTP joint arthrodesis. There were five re-operations for non-union of the 1st MTP joint arthrodesis. The success of the operation as evidenced by this study depends upon attention to metatarsal length harmonisation, stabilisation of the 1st MTP joint and thereby even distribution of loading of the forefoot. The poor results in this study were as a result of a failure to secure the stability of the 1st MTP joint.     

Forefoot reconstruction: Effectiveness of Stainsby operation in treating disclocated lesser toes

BackgroundDeformity of the forefoot is a common disabling problem especially in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The most common deformities are hallux valgus and dorsally dislocated clawed lesser toes.ObjectiveThis paper assesses results of forefoot reconstruction with emphasis on the effectiveness of Stainsby's procedure in treating severely clawed lesser toes with irreducible dislocation at the metatarsophalangeal joint. The purpose of this procedure is to remove the deforming forces causing depression of the metatarsal head, and restore the dorsally displaced plantar plate of the MTP joint and the related part of the plantar fat pad to their correct position beneath the metatarsal head.MethodSeventy-four patients were operated on between 1998 and 2003. Sixty-nine patients (94 feet) were available for review at an average of 32 months (range 10–67) post surgery. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Scores (AOFAS) were measured and footprints were obtained. Patients were asked about overall satisfaction and whether they would recommend the operation to a family member.ResultsEighty-nine of the 94 feet (95%) had severe or moderate pain preoperatively under the dislocated metatarsal head; only 19 (20%) had significant pain at review. Tender plantar callosities were reduced from 76 feet preoperatively (81%) to 31 feet (33%) at review, these were mainly under un-operated metatarsal heads. Footprints showed a normal loading under 63% of operated metatarsal heads. AOFAS scores were increased from a mean of 19 preoperatively to 52 at review. Residual valgus of the big toe of more than 25° persisted in 33 feet (35%). Corrective osteotomy of 44 first metatarsals resulted in significant residual valgus in 16 feet (36%).ConclusionsStainsby operation was effective in relieving pain and skin callosities from under dislocated lesser metatarsal heads, and in reducing shoe problems, but the osteotomy performed by the authors was unreliable in correcting valgus of the big toe.     

Sagittal Alignment of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint after Arthrodesis for Rheumatoid Forefoot Deformity

The present study assessed the midterm results of reconstruction for rheumatoid forefoot deformity with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, scarf osteotomy, resection arthroplasty of the metatarsal head of the lesser toes, and surgical repair of hammertoe deformity (arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint). Special focus was placed on the sagittal alignment of the first metatarsophalangeal joint after arthrodesis. We retrospectively evaluated the postoperative clinical outcomes and radiographic findings for 16 consecutive female patients (20 feet) with symptomatic rheumatoid forefoot deformities. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.9 (range 4 to 13) years. All first MTP joints and first metatarsal bones were fused successfully. The mean value of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and Japanese Society for Foot Surgery clinical scores significantly improved overall, except for 2 patients (10%), who complained of first toe pain at the final follow-up visit owing to sagittal misalignment of the fused first MTP joint. Sagittal alignment of the first metatarsal varies greatly because of the rheumatoid midfoot and hindfoot deformities. Therefore, inclination of the first metatarsal should be considered when determining the first MTP joint sagittal fusion angle.     

Rheumatoid forefoot deformity: pathophysiology, evaluation and operative treatment options

Despite recent advances in pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis, forefoot deformity, with its symptoms, remains a common problem, often requiring operative treatment. Typical deformities in these patients comprise hallux valgus and deformity of the lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and toes. With regard to the lesser rays the standard operative procedure, advocated for the disabling forefoot pain in these patients, remains metatarsal head resection. It should be considered that with increasing success of pharmacological treatment the degree of forefoot deformity in these patients is becoming less and that resection of the lesser MTP joints is becoming more and more superfluous. This supports a trend towards metatarsal head-preserving surgery. The optimal treatment of the hallux deformity remains unclear. Fusion of the first MTP joint is, generally, recommended. This article will discuss the current surgical options in rheumatoid forefoot pathology.