黑龙江省边防官兵血常规的检测分析

目的了解黑龙江省边防部队官兵血常规的异常检出情况。方法采用整群抽样方法,采集每名官兵的静脉血2ml,检测白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(PLT)。结果①受检的558名男性官兵的WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT分别为(5.3±1.4)×109/L、(4.6±0.4)×1012/L、(145.0±12.2)g/L、(206.8±49.1)×109/L;②WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT的异常检出率分别为14.7%、3.8%,8.9%和1.1%,其中WBC异常检出率最高;除PLT外,其他3项指标检测的异常率均为干部高于战士,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论受检官兵WBC、RBC、Hb和PLT检测值的均值均在正常范围内,但少数官兵的检测结果低于或高于正常范围,甚至为病态,应加强对该地区部队官兵血常规的监测工作。     

南京市某有机磷农药生产企业工作人员血液指标调查

目的 分析南京市某有机磷农药生产企业工作人员外周血象（包括WBC、PLT、RBC和Hb）异常率的变化情况,探讨不同工种、不同工龄与研究指标之间的关系,为减少职业危害提供科学依据.方法 对2013年某有机磷农药生产企业1138名人员和某外厂692名未接触有机磷农药的工人进行外周血象的均值及异常率进行比较分析.结果 有机磷组的WBC为（6.0±1.47）×109/L、PLT为（158.2±52.29）×109/L、RBC为（4.59±0.49）×1012/L、Hb为（137.3±15.93）g/L均在正常参考范围内,但WBC、PLT、RBC、Hb均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.有机磷组的PLT的异常率为11.69％显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.不同工种间,操作工的PLT异常率为14.33％显著高于另外两组,差异有统计学意义.随着接害工龄的增加,PLT的异常率先升高后下降,其中,工龄5-15a PLT异常率为16.93％,显著高于＜5a组,差异有统计学意义.结论 长期接触有机磷农药对工龄5-15年的劳动者健康有一定的负面影响,尤其对PLT影响更为明显.     

探讨静脉血与手指血在血常规检测中的临床价值

目的探讨应用静脉血与手指血(稀释法)进行血常规检测在临床中的应用价值。方法选取2015年9月-2016年2月血常规检测的受检者200例,采集其静脉血和手指血,用希森美康KX-21血细胞分析仪进行血常规的检测,并对两组血常规检测的结果进行统计分析。结果静脉血样本血常规检测结果为:W BC(5.7±2.6)×109/L、RBC(5.69±0.56)×1012/L、HGB(121.3±12)g/L、PLT(218±68)×109/L,手指血(稀释法)样本血常规检测结果为:W BC(6.6±3.2)×109/L、RBC(5.38±0.84)×1012/L、HGB(109.9±16)g/L、PLT(201±71)×109/L,故两组血常规检测项目中W BC、RBC、HGB、PLT四个项目的比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用血细胞分析仪进行血常规检测时,应采取静脉血样本,其具有检测结果准确性高,对疾病的诊断监测和疗效评价更具临床意义。     

海南州贵德县1612名健康成人静脉血红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板计数参考值范围及影响因素调查

目的调查海南州贵德县1 612名健康成人静脉血红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)及血小板计数(PLT)参考值范围及影响因素。方法选取2019年5—11月在海南州贵德县人民医院体检中心进行健康检查的健康成人1 612名作为研究对象,采用mindray BC-6000五分类血液分析仪进行静脉血常规测定,并按海拔、性别、民族、年龄进行分组,进行描述和分析。结果男女受检对象RBC参考区间分别为(4.27～6.09)×1012/L、(3.87～5.24)×1012/L,Hb参考区间分别为136.18～193.56 g/L、110.75～168.83 g/L,PLT参考区间分别为(77.49～286.03)×109/L、(68.53～312.77)×109/L。男女RBC、Hb、PLT均值比值,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);汉族、藏族PLT均值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.89,P<0.05);藏族、回族PLT均值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.51,P<0.05);各年龄段RBC、Hb、PLT均值比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论海南州贵德县高原地...     

不同采血方法对血常规检验结果的影响分析

目的分析不同采血方法对血常规检验结果的影响。方法选择2013年12月—2015年7月125例健康体检者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组58例和研究组67例。对照组采用末梢采血,研究组采用静脉采血,对比两组血常规指标检验结果。计量资料采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果对照组WBC、RBC、HB、Hct、MCV、MCHC水平分别为(5.86±1.20)×109/L、(3.83±0.89)×1012/L、(102.15±15.25)g/L、(42.39±20.47)%、(93.26±5.74)fl、(322.28±9.14)g/L,显著高于研究组的(5.21±1.12)×109/L、(3.29±0.9)×1012/L、(96.26±13.25)g/L、(30.26±20.36)%、(83.16±6.59)fl、(317.59±8.55)g/L,对照组PLT水平为(213.26±21.56)×109/L,显著低于研究组的(230.14±23.55)×109/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论不同采血方法对血常规检测结果有不同程度的影响,临床根据应用需求选择合适的采血方法。     

鞋业苯作业工人血常规异常及影响因素

目的分析鞋业苯作业工人血常规检测结果,并探讨影响血常规异常的因素。方法以18 866名鞋业苯作业工人为暴露组,选择同期同期健康体检的无苯暴露作业工人18 800人为对照组,比较两组血常规异常率,并分析血常规异常的影响因素。结果暴露组WBC、RBC、Hb和PLT的异常检出率均高于对照组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,鞋业苯作业工龄≥10年者发生血常规异常的风险高于苯作业工龄1年者(P0.05);苯作业工种中,从事涂料和印刷工种者发生血常规异常的风险高于定型工种(P0.05)。对异常血片镜检,从单纯WBC异常血片中发现1例少许的晚幼粒细胞;从15例WBC+RBC+Hb+PLT异常血片中,分别发现1例偶见巨核细胞,1例特发性血小板减少性紫癜和1例再生障碍性贫血。结论鞋业苯作业工人的WBC、RBC、PLT和Hb均受一定影响,制鞋企业应重视职工健康体检尤其是血常规检测,及早发现敏感人群并有效干预。     

长期接触有机磷农药对机体血液指标的影响

目的观察分析南京市某有机磷农药生产企业人员外周血象（包括WBC、PLT、RBC和Hb）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和胆碱酯酶（CHE）结果的变化情况,探讨不同工种、不同工龄、不同性别与研究指标之间的关系,为减少职业危害提供科学依据。方法对2013年某有机磷农药生产企业1 138名人员和某外厂692名未接触有机磷农药的工人进行外周血象、ALT和CHE检测分析。结果有机磷组的WBC为（6.0±1.47）×10^9/L,PLT为（158.2±52.29）×10^9/L,RBC为（4.59±0.49）×10^12/L,Hb为（137.3±15.93）g/L,ALT为（24.9±19.78）U/L,CHE为（248.3±85.43）U/L,均在正常参考范围内;但WBC、PLT、RBC、Hb和CHE均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。不同工种间,PLT、Hb、RBC、ALT和CHE的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,操作工的WBC为（5.97±1.47）×10^9/L,PLT为（155.7±51.55）×10^9/L,RBC为（4.58±0.49）×10^12/L,Hb为（137.1±16.0）g/L,ALT为（24.1±17.33）U/L,CHE为（236.3±86.06）U/L,均低于管理人员,差异均有统计学意义。随着接害工龄的增加,血液检查的各项指标有逐渐降低的趋势,其中,5-15 a组的CHE为（213.6±83.85）U/L,RBC（4.49±0.52）×10^12/L,Hb为（133.9±16.99）g/L,显著低于〈5 a组,差异有统计学意义。CHE的异常率在性别间差异有统计学意义。结论长期接触有机磷农药对生产工人的外周血象,ALT和CHE有一定的负面影响,对工龄5-15年的影响尤为明显。     

氟哌酸致白细胞减少症1例

患者女,30岁,因尿频尿急一天就诊.体检:血压14.6/10.6kPa.实验室检查:血常规:Hb110g/L,RBC4.0×10~(12)/,WBC8.0×10~9/L,N 0.8×10~9/L,L 0.2×10~9/L,尿常规:WBC( )诊为泌尿道感染给予口服氟哌酸0.3g,每日3次,共服6天,总量为5.4g.服药后症状好转,尿常规正常.2周后病人觉头昏而就诊,体检无异常发现.血常规:Hb115g/L,RBC14.0×10~(12)/L,WBC     

布鲁菌病感染者血常规和肝功能指标检测

目的研究布鲁菌病感染者血常规和肝功能指标变化。方法选取2012—2017年辽宁省疾病预防控制中心及沈阳市第六人民医院确诊为布鲁菌病的110例感染者为病例组,125例同期健康检查者为对照组,采集2组研究对象外周静脉血检测血常规和肝功8项指标。结果病例组血常规中白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)计数、中性粒细胞百分率(NE%)和血红蛋白(Hb)水平分别为(5.47±1.49)×10~9/L、(4.90±0.49)×10~(12)/L、(174.35±50.75)×10~9/L、(57.80±8.29)%和(147.09±15.16)g/L,与对照组比较,均降低(P0.05);淋巴细胞百分率(L%)和单核细胞百分率(MO%)分别为(32.45±7.38)%和(7.27±1.78)%,与对照组比较,均升高(P0.05);病例组总异常率(44.5%)及WBC异常率(17.2%)、RBC异常率(13.6%)、PLT异常率(14.5%)、NE%异常率(20.9%)、Hb异常率(16.3%)、L%异常率(33.6%)和MO%异常率(34.5%)均明显高于对照组(均P0.01);血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)和球蛋白(GLB)水平分别为(38.34±25.11)U/L、(30.92±18.23)U/L、(77.07±22.17)U/L、(42.58±48.14)U/L、(17.85±12.39)μmol/L和(26.03±4.52)g/L,与对照组比较,均升高(均P0.05),白蛋白(ALB)水平为(44.45±4.47)g/L,与对照组比较,则降低(P0.01);病例组总异常率(47.2%)及ALT异常率(30.0%)、AST异常率(20.9%)、ALP异常率(13.6%)、GGT异常率(25.4%)、TBIL异常率(21.8%)、GLB异常率(14.5%)和ALB异常率(7.2%)均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论布鲁菌病感染者血常规和肝功能指标的改变,提示血液及肝脏系统受到损害,为保护接触人群健康,应加强防护。     

Evans综合征转为急性早幼粒细胞白血病1例报告

患者,女,45岁,于2001年6月15日因头晕、乏力、贫血入院,查体:皮肤苍白,巩膜轻度黄染,双上肢可见散在出血点,心肺(-),肝脾未触及,实验室检查:WBC 2.1×109/L,RBC 2.04×1012/L,Hb 62 g/L,PLT 38×109/L,Ret 0.34.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.