门脉高压症出血组与未出血组门静脉压力的对照研究

目的：探讨经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力来评估曲张的食管胃底静脉发生出血风险的可行性及判断出血风险的门静脉压力参考值、是否行预防性经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPSS)的门静脉压力参考值。方法临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张自发性出血患者在行 TIPSS 及经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术中测量门静脉的压力;对临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张未发生出血的患者在行预防性 TIPSS 及经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力;对2组间的门静脉的压力进行比较。结果肝硬化门脉高压症出血组门静脉压力为(41.97±5.12)cmH 2 O,未出血组压力为(33.44±7.79)cmH 2 O,2组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);门静脉压力>37.45 cmH 2 O 可作为行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据之一。结论通过经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉的压力,可评估乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张发生出血的风险,通过经皮经肝穿刺门静脉压力测量可作为是否对乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张尚未发生出血的患者行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据。     

经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化静脉曲张的疗效评价

目的评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术(PTO)在治疗肝硬化静脉曲张的应用价值。方法对56例肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者施行PTO治疗,其中35例因急性上消化道出血行急症止血治疗,10例为消化道出血停止后择期栓塞,11例肝硬化伴重度食管静脉曲张行预防性PTO治疗。结果56例患者食管胃底曲张静脉插管、栓塞成功率达100%。35例急性上消化道出血患者,急症栓塞术后均止血成功;11例行预防性PTO治疗病例,术后复查食管静脉曲张7例接近正常,4例静脉曲张程度由重度降为轻度。47例接受2～60个月随访,再出血5例,死亡4例,原因分别为再发消化道出血(1例),肝功能衰竭(1例),合并肝癌(2例)。结论对于肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者,PTD是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广应用。     

经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉介入栓塞技术的探讨

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗和预防肝硬化、门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的介入栓塞技术的临床应用。方法对48例肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张患者,采用经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞或联合脾动脉部分栓塞术预防和控制上消化道出血。结果经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞手术成功率97.9%,止血率达100%。术中弹簧圈移位1例,发生以血压下降、心率减慢为特点的迷走反射4例;术后出现顽固性(胸)腹水4例,腹腔内出血导致死亡1例。术后连续随访1年:在前6个月内2例死于肝衰竭,再出血2例;在后6个月内3例失访,再出血5例。结论经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞技术是一种微创、有效的方法。注意手术操作细节对提高手术成功率、降低手术并发症有重要意义。     

经脾穿刺插管栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血

目的 评价经脾入路栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的临床疗效及安全性.方法 20例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者,均出现门静脉高压性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血.8例为右叶巨大肝癌;10例为肝癌合并门静脉癌栓,门静脉主干闭塞;2例为肝硬化并发门静脉主干血栓性闭塞.所有患者采取经脾穿刺,脾静脉插管至胃冠状静脉,用液态栓塞剂加弹簧圈栓塞曲张的食管胃底静脉.结果 18例患者手术成功,2例失败;共栓塞35支胃冠状静脉,栓塞成功患者均获有效止血,未出现并发症.结论 经脾穿刺插管栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的方法安全有效,适合于患有巨大肝癌及(或)门静脉主干闭塞等无法采用经皮经肝入路或TIPS栓塞食管胃底静脉曲张的患者.     

多种材料联合栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张临床疗效分析

目的 评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术(PTO)的临床疗效及应用价值.方法 以明胶海绵,无水乙醇和弹簧圈为栓塞剂联合栓塞治疗48例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者.结果 48例患者食管胃底曲张静脉均超选择插管,成功栓塞.17例急性上消化道出血患者中1例因全身状况差,术后第7天再次出血死亡.33例患者术后胃镜复查显示,胃底...     

TIPSS术＋食道胃底静脉曲张栓塞术前后门静脉压力的变化

目的观测肝硬化门静脉高压患者行经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术（transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt,TIPSS）＋食道胃底静脉曲张栓塞术前后门静脉压力的变化,进而探讨TIPSS＋食道胃底静脉曲张栓塞术在治疗肝硬化门静脉高压中的作用。方法对20例因肝硬化所致门静脉高压患者行经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术＋食道胃底静脉曲张栓塞术,在术前、术后分别用直接法测定门静脉主干压力,比较术前、术后压力的变化。结果术前本组肝硬化门脉高压患者的门静脉压力为（41.46±4.89）cmH2O、术后为（25.65±5.73）cmH2O,差异有显著性（P〈0.001）。术前、术后压力差为（15.82±3.12）cmH2O,术后较术前门静脉压力平均下降38.13%。结论 TIPSS＋食道胃底曲张静脉栓塞术可显著降低肝硬化门脉高压患者的门静脉压力,在治疗肝硬化门脉高压症中有重要的应用价值。     

聚桂醇经门静脉介入栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效观察

目的 探讨聚桂醇经皮经门静脉胃冠静脉栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效.方法 2008年4月至2010年12月收治60例食管胃底静脉重度曲张出血患者.将患者随机分成两组行经门静脉介入栓塞治疗,A组30例,采用聚桂醇作为栓塞剂;B组30例,采用鱼肝油酸钠作为栓塞剂.比较两组治疗6个月后出血复发率和食管静脉曲张度.结果 栓塞后6个月,A组出血复发患者3例,复发率10.0％,B组10例,复发率33.3％,组间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.81,P＜0.05).术后6个月复查胃镜,A组食管胃底静脉曲张轻～中度20例,重度10例,有效率66.7％;B组轻～中度12例,重度18例,有效率40.0％,组间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.28,P＜0.05).不良反应A组3例,B组8例,组间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.32,P＜ 0.05).结论 聚桂醇经门静脉介入栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉出血具有确切的疗效.     

胃左静脉MSCTA预测肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂岀血的价值

目的探讨胃左静脉多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)预测肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂岀血的临床应用价值。资料与方法应用16层螺旋CT对74例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者和200名正常对照者行上腹部增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)对胃左静脉进行血管重组,观察胃左静脉和食管胃底静脉曲张情况,并测量胃左静脉最大内径进行统计学分析。结果总体肝硬化门静脉高压组胃左静脉最大内径与正常对照组比较明显增宽(P=0.00),肝硬化门静脉高压出血组、未出血组胃左静脉最大内径与正常对照组比较均显著增宽,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以胃左静脉最大内径7.0 mm为判断岀血的标准,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为61.5%、77.1%、71.6%。结论 MSCTA可以清晰显示胃左静脉和食管胃底静脉曲张情况;胃左静脉增宽是肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的一个危险因素,胃左静脉内径的测量对食管胃底静脉曲张破裂岀血具有一定的预测价值。     

应用NBCA行食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术的并发症观察与护理

目的 探讨应用组织粘合剂正丁基-2-氰丙烯酸盐(NBCA)栓塞治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张患者的护理.方法 回顾性分析28例经皮肝穿应用NBCA栓塞治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张患者在介入术中、术后的临床资料和护理.结果 27例成功栓塞达到止血效果,1例栓塞失败;少量肺栓塞4例,其中2例出现一次性咳嗽,24例患者出现不同程度疼痛,20例出现呕吐,轻微腹痛,无穿刺口出血及腹腔出血并发症,全部患者能顺利配合完成手术.结论 做好栓塞术前的心理干预,术中病情的密切观察,术后的观察护理,早期预防及处理并发症对手术的顺利进行及减少并发症发生具有一定意义.     

胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效分析

目的探讨应用胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效。方法回顾分析1998年7月—2004年2月间,42例门脉高压症患者(栓塞组)行胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效,并与20例同期仅行贲门周围血管离断术(对照组)的疗效进行比较,分别观察食管及胃底静脉曲张的消除率、再出血率及手术死亡率。结果术后平均随访23.5月,栓塞组再出血率为0,对照组再出血率为25%。两组患者均无死亡。结论胃冠状静脉栓塞术是安全、可靠的,可使贲门周围血管阻断更为彻底,降低复发,从而进一步提高周围血管离断的疗效。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.