血性溢液性乳腺疾病的导管造影检查与病理对照分析

目的 :探讨乳腺导管造影在血性溢液性乳腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析经临床病理证实的39例乳头血性溢液患者的导管造影X线表现,并与病理结果进行对比分析。结果:本组39例中,造影诊断导管内乳头状瘤27例(69.2%);乳腺癌9例(23.1%);导管扩张囊性增生1例(0.3%);导管炎症导管内分泌物潴留2例(0.5%)。经病理证实,导管造影诊断符合率为89.7%,误诊4例,占10.3%。结论 :乳腺导管造影对血性溢液性乳腺疾病的定性、定位具有较高的诊断价值,尤其对临床触及阴性的导管内乳头状瘤及早期乳腺癌能作出较准确诊断,提高了导管内占位性病变的检出率。     

乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病诊断中的价值

目的分析乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病中的影像学表现,比较乳腺导管内疾病在乳腺导管造影与其他影像学检查的影像特点,及乳腺导管造影对导管内疾病诊断的优势,并分析其病理结果,以提高诊断水平。方法对临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的溢液乳腺疾病20例,包括乳腺癌3例、导管内乳头状瘤9例、乳腺导管扩张症6例及2例乳腺囊性增生病,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现及病理特征。结果本组20例:乳腺常规检查诊断导管扩张4例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤0例,乳腺癌1例;乳腺常规检查对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率40%。乳腺导管造影检查诊断导管扩张6例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤9例,乳腺癌2例;乳腺导管造影钼靶摄影对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率为95%。结论乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病是一项安全而有效的检查方法,对乳腺导管内占位性病变的定位、定性诊断具有极高价值。对导管扩张症、乳腺囊性增生病等疾病亦能作出较准确的诊断。乳腺导管造影在导管内疾病及早期乳腺癌的诊断中具有不可替代的优势。     

溢液性乳腺疾病导管造影X线征象与病理结果分析

目的:分析溢液性乳腺疾病的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础,以提高其X线诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析216例溢液性乳腺疾病患者的导管造影及病理资料。结果:共有226支导管造影成功。无明显异常呈阴性表现者占7.5%(17/226);肿瘤性疾病占26.5%(60/226),包括导管内乳头状瘤、导管癌,其中以导管内乳头状瘤多见(22.0%);非肿瘤性疾病占59.7%(135/226),包括导管扩张、炎症及乳腺囊性增生,其中以炎症最多见(39.4%,89/226)。结论:乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

乳头溢液性疾病的高频超声与乳腺导管声学造影的对比研究

目的:探讨乳腺导管声学造影对乳头溢液性病变的诊断价值。方法:34例乳头溢液患者术前均行高频超声及声学造影检查,所有检查结果均与手术病理结果比较。结果:乳头溢液疾病高频超声及声学造影检查结果与手术病理结果比较诊断符合率分别为61.7%及79.4%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。导管内乳头状瘤高频超声与声学造影诊断符合率分别为40%及73.3%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺导管声学造影可提高导管内小病变的检出率,显示详细的病变部位及扩张的导管,为手术提供重要的参考依据。尤其是导管内乳头状瘤声学造影检查明显优于高频超声检查。此种检查简单、方便、准确性较高,可作为乳头溢液性疾病的首选检查方法。     

乳腺导管造影对乳腺溢液性疾病诊断的临床价值

目的:探讨乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病的诊断价值,提高其X线诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析39例乳头溢液患者的临床、影像及病理资料。结果:39例患者46个病灶乳头溢液患者中纤维腺瘤5个,乳腺癌6个,导管内乳头状瘤12个,纤维囊性乳腺病及小叶增生5个,误诊1例,乳腺癌诊断准确率为85.7%。结论:乳腺导管造影术是诊断溢液性乳腺疾病的有效方法,对其诊断与鉴别诊断有很重要的价值,可为临床提供可靠的诊断治疗依据。     

伴乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法:临床表现有乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌23例,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现,并与手术病理结果进行对比分析。结果:23例中原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌10例(包括单纯癌6例、乳头状癌4例),导管癌早期浸润3例,乳头状瘤病恶变2例。病理上诊断早期癌13例(56.5%),其中8例临床未触及乳腺肿块。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损并伴有不同程度的导管扩张12例;乳腺肿瘤侵蚀导管形成潭湖征5例;溢液导管受乳腺肿块推挤,导管变形3例;导管持续显影、管壁不规则伴广泛微钙化灶1例。本组中乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为82.6%。结论:乳腺导管造影对伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的检出是一项安全、有效的检查方法,能准确观察到肿块与溢液导管的位置关系、溢液导管受侵蚀程度,而且还能检测出临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌。     

乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管溢液性疾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管溢液性疾病中的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析了52例乳腺导管溢液性疾病的造影检查资料，病例均经临床检查、钼靶摄片、乳腺导管造影检查及病理证实。结果：肿瘤性病变37例．包括导管内乳头状瘤（单发和多发）30例，导管内乳头状癌2例，浸润性导管5例，其中导管内乳头状瘤最为多见。非肿瘤性病变15例，其中单纯导管扩张症U例，导管扩张伴炎症4例；其中以单纯导管扩张症最为多见。结论：乳腺导管造影对乳腺导管溢液性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的价值。     

乳腺导管造影对乳头溢液性疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨乳腺导管造影在溢液性乳腺疾病诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的101例溢液性乳腺病的导管造影表现.结果 乳腺导管扩张症23例;乳腺囊性增生症12例;乳腺导管炎8例;导管内乳头状瘤46例;乳腺导管癌9例;乳腺导管结核1例;导管未见异常2例.结论 乳腺导管造影有助于乳头溢液的病因诊断.其在导管良恶性病变的鉴别诊断中有极高的价值.     

溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础

目的:分析溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及其病理基础,为临床提供可靠的诊断依据,以提高早期乳腺癌的诊治水平。方法:临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌患者26例,回顾性观察其乳腺导管造影表现,并与病理结果对比分析。结果:26例中,导管原位癌8例;浸润性导管癌5例;导管原位癌伴早期浸润7例;复合型癌3例,其中导管原位癌合并浸润性小叶癌2例,浸润性导管癌合并浸润性小叶癌1例;导管内乳头状瘤病癌变3例,其中乳腺X线平片未发现异常5例,毛刺或分叶状肿块2例,肿块伴钙化9例,多形性钙化灶10例。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损伴有不同程度导管扩张;导管管壁浸润破坏对比剂渗漏,形成"潭湖征";导管管壁不规则,呈"虫蚀样"改变或"断续征"。本组乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为88.4%。结论:乳腺导管造影是溢液性乳腺癌诊断的安全而有效的检查方法,具有很高的定性、定位诊断价值,尤其对临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌能作出较准确的诊断,提高了早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺溢液疾病的研究

分析乳腺溢液疾病在乳腺导管造影术中的影像学表现,明确检查之必要性。本组98例乳腺溢液性疾病患者全部同时做普通钼靶摄片及乳腺导管造影摄片,并经临床和病理证实。导管造影表现的分类,无明显异常11例,占11.22%;单纯性导管扩张者14例,占14.29%;导管扩张伴炎症16例,占16.32%;导管扩张伴乳腺增生37例,占37.76%;导管内乳头状瘤16例,占16.33%;导管癌4例,占4.08%。所以乳腺导管造影术检查能够增加溢液性乳腺病的阳性检出率。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.