全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化

目的观察全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化情况,为促进患者术后康复提供依据。方法选取2012年6月至2014年7月进行全髋关节置换术治疗的41例患者为观察组,选择同期41名健康同龄者为对照组,对观察组术前和术后1、3、7、10、14 d的血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标进行检测,并与对照组进行比较。结果观察组术前和术后1、3、7 d的血黏度及其他血流变指标均高于对照组(P均<0.05),同时观察组术前和术后1、3、7、10、14 d的甲襞微循环指标均高于对照组,观察组术后1、3 d的检测水平均高于同组其他时间段(P均<0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化较大,尤其应重视其术后短时间(3 d)内的血液流变学及甲襞微循环的改善。     

中药桔丙酯联合降糖治疗对2型糖尿病患者甲襞微循环及血液流变学的影响

目的观察中药桔丙酯注射液联合降糖治疗对2型糖尿病甲襞微循环及血液流变学的影响,探讨其治疗机制.方法于2005-10/2006-08选择河北北方学院附属校医院、张家口市第一人民医院门诊及住院收治的2型糖尿病患者48例,为治疗组.应用注射用桔丙酯治疗,桔丙酯180 mg,次,1次,d,连用2周;健康志愿者30例为对照组.采用微循环显微镜,于治疗前后常规检查左手第4指甲襞第一排管袢,按田牛加权积分法对16项指标综合定量分析,判断疗效和甲襞微循环的变化.同时观察2型糖尿病患者治疗前后血液流变学各项指标的变化.结果①治疗组治疗前甲襞微循环及血液流变学各项指标均表现为不同程度的异常,治疗后甲襞微循环及血液流变学各项指标明显改善.甲襞微循环由治疗前的中、重度异常恢复到大致正常,治疗后总积分值低于治疗前(分别为1.52±0.69,4.52±0.82,t=3.96,P＜0.05).②血液流变学指标变化表明,血浆黏度、全血黏度、纤维蛋白原及红细胞电泳等各指标经桔丙酯治疗后均明显降低(P＜0 05).结论中药桔丙酯联合降糖治疗能够明显改善2型糖尿病患者血流变异常及微循环障碍.     

中药棓丙酯联合降糖治疗对2型糖尿病患者甲襞微循环及血液流变学的影响

目的:观察中药棓丙酯注射液联合降糖治疗对2型糖尿病甲襞微循环及血液流变学的影响,探讨其治疗机制。方法:于2005-10/2006-08选择河北北方学院附属校医院、张家口市第一人民医院门诊及住院收治的2型糖尿病患者48例,为治疗组。应用注射用棓丙酯治疗,棓丙酯180mg/次,1次/d,连用2周;健康志愿者30例为对照组。采用微循环显微镜,于治疗前后常规检查左手第4指甲襞第一排管袢,按田牛加权积分法对16项指标综合定量分析,判断疗效和甲襞微循环的变化。同时观察2型糖尿病患者治疗前后血液流变学各项指标的变化。结果:①治疗组治疗前甲襞微循环及血液流变学各项指标均表现为不同程度的异常,治疗后甲襞微循环及血液流变学各项指标明显改善。甲襞微循环由治疗前的中、重度异常恢复到大致正常,治疗后总积分值低于治疗前(分别为1.52±0.69,4.52±0.82,t=3.96,P<0.05)。②血液流变学指标变化表明,血浆黏度、全血黏度、纤维蛋白原及红细胞电泳等各指标经棓丙酯治疗后均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:中药棓丙酯联合降糖治疗能够明显改善2型糖尿病患者血流变异常及微循环障碍。     

60例老年高血压患者血液流变学与微循环变化的临床观察

目的观察老年高血压患者血液流变学改变和甲襞微循环改变。方法对50例健康人和60例老年原发性高血压患者进行血液流变学和甲襞微循环检测。结果老年原发性高血压患者普遍存在血液流变学和甲襞微循环的改变（P＜0.01）。结论老年原发性高血压与微循环障碍有一定关系,微循环检测对老年高血压患者诊断治疗有帮助。     

血液稀释对雷诺氏病患者微循环和血液流变性的影响

本文应用血液稀释疗法，加扩血管药物硝苯吡啶（心痛定）治疗 １０ 例雷诺氏病患者，同时进行甲襞微循环和血液流变学检测，结果表明治疗前后甲襞 微循环和血液流变的参数均有明显差异。通过治疗后患者在改善微循环，降低血液 粘度方面明显优于治疗前。     

糖尿病患者微循环及血流变指标的临床观察

目的观察63例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者甲襞微循环和血流变指标的异常情况.方法采用徐州产甲襞微循环显微镜观察患者双手无名指甲襞微血管,用LG-R-80粘度仪检测患者的血液流变学各项指标.结果糖尿病患者甲襞微循环异常率为96.82%,并且绝大多数患者伴有血液流变学指标异常.结论不仅要积极治疗糖尿病,而且更要通过有效的检测手段进行早期预防.     

丹红注射液对心肌梗死患者微循环状态相关指标的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液对心肌梗死患者微循环状态相关指标的影响。方法 54例心肌梗死患者随机分为对照组(常规心肌梗死治疗)和观察组(常规心肌梗死治疗加丹红注射液),比较2组患者治疗前与治疗后3、7及14 d的全血黏度、甲襞微循环及血小板活化指标水平。结果治疗后3、7及14 d观察组的全血黏度、甲襞微循环及血小板活化指标均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论丹红注射液可有效改善心肌梗死患者的微循环状态。     

康艾注射液对恶性肿瘤患者血液流变学及微循环的影响探究

目的探索康艾注射液对恶性肿瘤患者患者血液流变学及微循环的影响。方法从收治的恶性肿瘤患者中随机选出132例作为观察对象,随机分成观察组和对照组,对照组单纯给予化疗治疗;而观察组则给予化疗+康艾注射液治疗,对比分析两组的血液流变学指标及甲襞微循环状况。结果治疗前两组血液流变学和甲襞微循环各项指标差异均不大(P0.05);治疗后,观察组血液流变学和甲襞微循环各项指标值均比对照组低(P0.05)。结论对恶性肿瘤患者在化疗的基础上给予康艾注射液有助于降低血液黏稠度,改善微循环,控制病情进展,值得临床推广应用。     

通心络胶囊对冠心病心绞痛甲襞微循环和血液流变学变化的影响

目的:探讨通心络胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效机制。方法:选择符合WHO诊断标准的冠心病心绞痛患者112例,随机分为治疗组60例和对照组52例。两组均服用β受体阻滞剂、硝酸脂等西药常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用通心络胶囊,每次2粒,每日2次,连服2个月。观察两组患者治疗前后临床疗效、心电图疗效、甲襞微循环积分值和血液流变学变化。结果:治疗组用药后临床疗效总有效率达86.67%,心电图疗效总有效率达80.00%,与对照组(78.85%和69.23%)比较差异均有显著性(P均<0.01);治疗组甲襞微循环和血液流变学各项指标变化均优于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论:通心络胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效显著,可明显改善临床症状,逆转心电图缺血变化,显著改善甲襞微循环和血液流变学指标。     

新正天丸对偏头痛患者血液流变性和甲襞微循环的影响

目的：探讨偏头痛患者血液流变学，甲襞微循环的改变及新正天丸对其的影响。方法：偏头痛患者１００例，随机分为２组，观察组５０例，口服新正天丸对照组５０例，口服氟桂嗪，疗程均为３０天。并进行治疗前后血液流变学和甲襞微循环的检测。结果：观察组血液流变性各项指标中除红细胞压积变化不明显外，其它各项均有显著改善（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而对照组中只有血小板聚集率和血沉改变明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），观察组对甲襞四项积分示明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而对照组改善不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：血液流变性及甲襞微循环的改变是偏头痛的重要病理特征，新正天丸对偏头痛血瘀障碍可能有改善作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.