芬苯达唑,氟苯达唑和阿苯达唑对隐藏管状线虫作用的观察

应用虫体活力、产卵、幼虫孵化、形态学及组织化学方法，观察比较芬苯达唑、氟苯达唑和阿苯达唑对隐藏管状线虫的杀虫机理。实验结果表明３种药物的作用机理相同，均能使排卵减弱、停止，幼虫不能孵化，虫体结构破坏、消失，对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化。     

芬苯达唑、氟苯达唑和阿苯达唑对隐藏管状线虫作用的观察

应用虫体活力、产卵、幼虫孵化、形态学及组织化学方法，观察比较芬苯达唑、氟苯达唑和阿苯达唑对隐藏管状线虫的杀虫机理。实验结果表明３种药物的作用机理相同，均能使排卵减弱、停止，幼虫不能孵化，虫体结构破坏、消失，对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化。     

阿苯达唑和氟苯达唑对旋毛虫作用的形态学,组织学及组织…

应用形态学、组织学及组织化学方法，观察比较阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑对旋毛虫幼虫的杀虫作用机制。实验结果表明两种药物作用机制同，均使旋毛虫囊包破坏，虫体破损，囊包炎性细胞浸润，终至虫体被完全机化；对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化。     

阿苯达唑和氟苯达唑对旋毛虫作用的形态学、组织学及组织化学的观察

应用形态学、组织学及组织化学方法,观察比较阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑对旋毛虫幼虫的杀虫作用机制。实验结果表明两种药物作用机制相同,均使旋毛虫囊包破坏,虫体破损,囊包炎性细胞浸润,终至虫体被完全机化;对糖代谢有明显干扰作用,对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化。     

阿苯达唑,氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫作用的形态学…

应用形态学组织化学方法，观察比较阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫的杀虫作用机理。实验结果表明，阿苯达唑与氟苯达唑作用机理相同，均使虫体破坏，对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化，甲苯达唑无上述作用。     

细粒棘球蚴囊经甲苯达唑、阿苯达唑或阿苯达唑亚砜作用后其生发层的形态学变化和药物含量

小鼠的继发性细粒棘球蚴囊在含甲苯达唑阿苯达唑或阿苯达唑亚枫1及10μg/ml的培养液中培养l～7d时,囊壁所含各药物的量相近,但生发层的受损以甲苯达唑组较重,次为阿苯达唑亚砜和阿苯达唑组。感染小鼠ig上述3种苯并咪唑类化合物的等效剂量1～14d后24h,囊壁的药物含量甚低,但生发层的损害仍以甲苯达唑组的较重,并认为阿苯达唑亚矾是阿苯达唑的有效代谢物。     

药物干预对动脉导管未闭介入治疗后心脏重构的影响

目的:研究应用国产动脉导管未闭(PDA)封堵器介入治疗PDA后心脏重构的变化规律,评价培哚普利对PDA患者封堵后左心大小、功能和肺动脉收缩压的作用。方法:26例PDA患者中25例经国产封堵器封堵后选择经胸超声心动图(TTE)测得PDA5.0mm的成人患者(年龄>17岁)20例,按性别相等、年龄±5岁分成治疗组和对照组,2组均常规术前1d开始予肠溶阿司匹林200mg.d-1×1个月,然后100mg.d-1×5个月,治疗组加服培哚普利2mg.d-1×6个月。术前、术后6个月经TTE和心电图(ECG)检查。心室容积和射血分数采用面积长度法测定,连续多普勒根据三尖瓣反流估测肺动脉收缩压。结果:2组基础指标,如左房内径(LAD),左室舒张末内径(LVEDD),左室收缩末内径(LVESD),左室舒张末容积(LVEDV),左室收缩末容积(LVESV),左室搏出量(LVSV),肺动脉内径(PD),肺动脉收缩压(PSP)均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培哚普利治疗6个月后,LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、LVEF、FS、PD、PSP治疗组均较对照组有明显的改善(均P<0.05)。结论:培哚普利能明显改善PDA封堵术后患者的左心功能和形态,并使肺动脉内径缩小、肺动脉收缩压降低,临床症状明显改善。     

静脉注射吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒感染研究进展

吸毒是世界性难题,其导致的公共卫生问题直接影响一般人群的健康.静脉注射吸毒者(IVDUs)人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染率远远高于一般人群,是重要的传染源.本文概述近年来国内外学者在IVDUs人群HCV感染方面的主要研究成果和观点,探讨IVDUs人群感染HCV的病毒学特点,重点介绍IVDUs人群吸毒方式,吸毒年限,器具共用,性行为特征以及民族差异等因素对该人群感染HCV的影响作用.     

139例中国儿童AIDS病人抗病毒药物浓度监测分析

目的研究中国儿童的抗病毒药物药代动力学特点,为儿童抗病毒治疗积累更多的药代动力学数据。方法收集了139名儿童艾滋病(AIDS)病人的342份血液标本,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用的方法监测其血浆抗病毒药物的浓度。结果 139名患儿中,47名使用包含依非韦伦(EFV)的方案,94名使用包含洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)的方案(其中2名儿童是由使用包含EFV方案更换为使用LPV/r方案)。监测药物中,EFV的个体内差异最小(15.8%),个体间差异最大(104.9%),3TC,LPV,RTV的个体内差异均在40%左右,个体间差异约为70%。以文献报道中EFV和LPV的治疗浓度范围(TR)为评判标准,在47名使用EFV的患儿中,有8名(8/47,17.0%)患儿的9份(9/115,7.8%)血标本EFV浓度低于TR,11名(11/47,23.4%)患儿的21份(21/115,18.3%)血标本EFV浓度高于TR;在94名使用LPV的患儿中,有19名(19/94,20.2%)患儿的30份(30/222,13.5%)血标本的LPV浓度低于TR,有46名(46/94,48.9%)患儿的67份(67/222,30.2%)血标本的LPV浓度高于TR。结论有相当比例的儿童艾滋病病人服用EFV和LPV/r以后出现血浆药物浓度过高,提示有必要进一步设计临床研究评估我国儿童艾滋病病人的用药剂量。血浆药物浓度监测对儿童的抗病毒治疗能够起到很好的补充作用。     

A database on treating drug addiction with traditional Chinese medicine

AIMS: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat drug addiction for more than 160 years and valuable experiences have been accumulated with regard to patients' detoxification and rehabilitation. The aims of this project were (1) to establish a computerized, bilingual (Chinese-English) database on TCM for drug addiction; (2) to analyse the literature published in this field; and (3) to identify those Chinese herbs commonly used for drug addiction treatment. DESIGN: (1) Paper collection: related papers were collected through electronic databases and hand-searched materials; (2) data computerization: the Microsoft Access program and Delphi language were used as the major data management systems; (3) paper analysis: annual publications from 1989 to 2003 were classified and calculated; and (4) herbal analysis: the frequency of herbs used and herbal function categories were analysed. FINDINGS: (1) A special bilingual database that contained 340 works of professional literature, including 85 patent files on TCM for drug addiction, was established, in which more than 90% of the publications originated from mainland China; (2) the literature classification showed a significant increase in the number of publications on clinical and laboratory researches in this field over the past decade; (3) five functional categorizations of Chinese herbs and the 10 most frequently used Chinese herbs as well as three toxic herbs were identified from more than 200 herbs reported in 150 original research articles and 85 patent files. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the published data on TCM in the treatment of drug addiction were analysed systematically by using a new database. The results are invaluable for further laboratory and clinical studies to obtain more direct evidence.     

特利加压素联合中药泻心汤保留灌肠治疗肝硬化肝肾综合征的疗效观察

目的观察特利加压素联合中药泻心汤保留灌肠治疗肝硬化失代偿期肝肾综合征的疗效。方法26例患者分为二组,在综合治疗的基础上,对照组使用多巴胺联合大剂量速尿,治疗组使用特利加压素联合中药泻心汤保留灌肠。治疗期间观察患者的临床症状、尿量、尿素氮、血肌酐、肝功能、血氨、腹水的消长及治疗后转归情况。结果治疗组尿量显著增加,尿素氮、血肌酐降低,肝功能有不同程度好转、血氨下降,而对照组无明显改善,二组比较差异显著。结论特利加压素可改善血流动力学变化,联合中药灌肠清除内毒素减少内源性血管活性物质的激活,可增加疗效,有助于肝功能的恢复。     

The social production of hepatitis C risk among injecting drug users: a qualitative synthesis

Background Intervention impact on reductions in hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence among injecting drug users (IDUs) are modest. There is a need to explore how drug injectors' interpret HCV risk. Aims To review English‐language qualitative empirical studies of HCV risk among IDUs. Methods Qualitative synthesis using a meta‐ethnographic approach. Searching of eight electronic databases and reference lists identified manually papers in peer‐reviewed journals since 2000. Only studies investigating IDU perspectives on HCV risk were included. Themes across studies were identified systematically and compared, leading to a synthesis of second‐ and third‐order constructs. Findings We included 31 papers, representing 24 studies among over 1000 IDUs. Seven themes were generated: risk ubiquity; relative viral risk; knowledge uncertainty; hygiene and the body; trust and intimacy; risk environment; and the individualization of risk responsibility. Evidence supports a perception of HCV as a risk accepted rather than avoided. HCV was perceived largely as socially accommodated and expected, and in relative terms to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the ‘master status’ of viral dangers. Symbolic knowledge systems, rather than biomedical risk calculus, and especially narratives of hygiene and trust, played a primary role in shaping interpretations of HCV risk. Critical factors in the risk environment included policing, homelessness and gendered risk. Conclusions Appealing to risk calculus alone is insufficient. Interventions should build upon the salience of hygiene and trust narratives in HCV risk rationality, and foster community changes towards the perceived preventability of HCV. Structural interventions in harm reduction should target policing, homelessness and gendered risk.     

中国成人肝移植受体微乳化环孢素A吸收期血药浓度与药物暴露量的相关性研究

目的通过分析中国成人肝移植受体微乳化环孢素A(cyclosporine microemulsion，Neoral)吸收期不同采样点血药浓度与药物暴露量的相关性，探讨用服药后2h浓度(C2)代替吸收期药物暴露量(AUC0-4)进行治疗药物监测的可能性。方法通过定期测定22例中国成人肝移植受体口服Neoral前及服药后1、2、3、4h的血药浓度，用直线回归分析计算不同采样点与AUC0的相关系数。结果服药后2h浓度(C2)与AUC0-4的相关性最高，相关系数r=0.96，谷浓度(C0)与AUC0-4的相关性最差，r=0．67,并且C2与AUC0-4相关性的稳定性最好，随访期间r^2一直维持在0．91以上。结论 C2与Neoral吸收期药物暴露量的相关性最高，并且这种相关性的稳定性最好。可以考虑使用C2作为单一采样点代替AUC0-4进行Neoral治疗药物监测。     

重组葡激酶加中药对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌核转录因子κB的激活作用

[目的]研究重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）心肌功能损害时心肌核转录因子κB（NF-κB）的活化及葡激酶的干预作用。[方法]63只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=9）、对照组（n=27）、葡激酶合用益活清胰汤治疗组（n=27），SAP模型采用5％牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射方法建立。ELISA法测定6、12、24h各时点血肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平，RT-PCR检测心肌NF-κB mRNA的表达，免疫组化法检测心肌NF-κB蛋白的表达，苏木精-伊红染色光镜下观察胰腺及心肌组织的病理变化。[结果]术后6h大鼠心肌NF-κB mRNA及其蛋白表达异常增高，TNF-α、IL-6呈进行性升高，治疗组用药后心肌NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达下调，血TNF-α、IL-6明显下降，与对照组相比P＜0．05，治疗组胰腺及心肌组织的病理变化减轻。[结论]SAP大鼠心肌损伤可能与循环中TNF-α、IL-6水平升高导致的心肌NF-κB活化有关，益活清胰汤合用葡激酶对SAP并发的心肌损伤具有防治作用。