体外培养骺板、关节及肋软骨细胞外基质中糖胺多糖含量的检测和比较

目的　建立定量检测体外培养软骨细胞外基质中糖胺多糖 (GAG)含量的方法 ,以评价体外培养骺板、关节及肋软骨细胞的生物学功能活性。　方法　改进的二甲基亚甲蓝 (DMB)比色法测定细胞外基质的糖胺多糖含量 ,细胞 -玻片甲苯胺蓝 (TB)染色光镜观察。　结果　原代软骨细胞具有最高的GAG分泌活性 ,骺板 (70 .12± 7.72 ) μg cm2 ,关节 (92 .0 0± 10 .15 ) μg cm2 ,肋软骨(80 .61± 11.40 ) μg cm2 ,至第三代则出现了非常明显的下降 ,骺板 (5 3 .2 7± 9.5 0 ) μg cm2 ,关节 (63 .88± 11.92 ) μg cm2 ,肋软骨 (5 8.94± 8.2 1) μg cm2 ;TB染色结果与GAG含量变化相一致。三种软骨细胞间比较差异无显著性意义。　结论　在体外培养过程中 ,软骨细胞随传代次数的增加而其功能活性逐渐降低 ,第三代以后的软骨细胞不适于作为组织工程种子细胞。DMB比色法准确、灵敏 ,可作为一种用于评价体外培养软骨细胞功能活性的有效分析方法。     

喉鳞癌细胞原代体外培养中癌组织分离方法的对比分析

探讨喉鳞癌细胞体外原代培养过程中癌组织块的适宜分离法。方法采用机械分离法、胰蛋白酶消化分离法和胶原酶消化分离法,分别对于手术切除的喉鳞状细胞癌标本进行单细胞分离。结果３种分离方法中,以胶原酶法最佳。结论胶原酶对喉鳞癌细胞间质具有良好的分离作用,且对癌细胞不造成损害。     

高氟对人甲状腺细胞功能的影响

 目的 探讨高氟对人甲状腺细胞功能的影响.方法 用人甲状腺细胞,采用原代培养方法,按氟(NaF)剂量不同分为:0(对照组)、40、80、160 mg/L组.染氟48 h后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞存活率,化学发光法测定抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOA)水平和荧光免疫分析法测定血清总甲状腺激素(T4)水平.结果 甲状腺细胞染氟培养48 h后,细胞存活率组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);40 mg/L组细胞存活率与对照组(100)%比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);80、160 mg/L组细胞存活率分别与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).甲状腺细胞T4水平随着染氟剂量的升高而明显降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).甲状腺细胞TPOA表达水平也随着染氟剂量的升高而明显增加,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高氟可损伤甲状腺细胞,降低细胞存活率,提高TPOA表达,降低T4水平.     

改良酶消化法在人脑胶质瘤细胞快速原代培养中的应用

目的 建立一种人脑胶质瘤细胞原代培养的改良酶消化法.方法 基于文献并结合实际工作中经验,改良既往文献报道的酶消化法,对32例不同级别的胶质瘤进行消化后行原代细胞培养,通过倒置相差显微镜观察肿瘤细胞的形态学特点,传代时采用差速贴壁法对原代细胞进行纯化.采用细胞免疫荧光法对原代细胞进行鉴定,通过细胞增殖实验(CCK-8法)绘制生长曲线,研究体外培养细胞的增殖情况.结果 采用改良的酶消化法成功培养28例,失败4例,成功率为87.5％.培养成功的细胞贴壁生长,细胞状态稳定,形态各异,生长状态良好,并可传代.细胞免疫荧光检测显示胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达阳性,证明培养的细胞为胶质瘤细胞;细胞增殖实验显示细胞在体外增殖活跃,肿瘤病理级别越高,细胞增殖能力越强.结论 改良的酶消化法用于人脑胶质瘤细胞原代培养具有简单、高效、成功率高等优点.     

人半月板纤维软骨细胞培养及生物学特性研究

为探索分离培养人半月板纤维软骨细胞的简便实用方法，采用胰蛋白酶和胶原酶联合消化的方法，简便快速地获得大量成活率高的人半月板纤维软骨细胞，在F－12培养液中进行原代和传代培养，并对传代培养纤维软骨细胞进行了免疫组化鉴定，光镜及超微结构的观察，结果显示，光镜下，原代培养细胞呈线形，单层排列，电镜可见细胞内有丰富的粗面内质网及线粒体，细胞呈多极性，表面有突起，纤维软骨细胞免疫组化Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性，提示本实验建立的人纤维软骨细胞分离培养方法是一种可行的方法。，     

喉鳞癌细胞原代体外培养中癌组织分离方法的对比研究

目的　探讨喉鳞癌细胞体外原代培养过程中癌组织块的适宜分离法。方法　采用机械分离法、胰蛋白酶消化分离法和胶原酶消化分离法 ,分别对手术切除的喉鳞状细胞癌标本进行单细胞分离。结果　 3种分离方法中 ,以胶原酶法最佳。结论　胶原酶对喉鳞癌细胞间质具有良好的分解作用 ,且对癌细胞不造成损害。     

软骨细胞在微载体中的培养和快速扩增

目的：探索在短期内获得大量成活率高、分化良好的兔关节软骨细胞的方法,方法：应用胰蛋白酶、胶酶消化的方法从新生新西兰兔关节软骨处分离、培养软骨细胞,并将获得的软骨细胞在旋转生物反应应（RCCS）内应用Cytodex-3微载体进行培养。应用倒置显微镜和扫描电镜对微载体表面的软骨细胞进行动态观察,并对收获的软骨细胞进行Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原的细胞免疫化学染色分析。结果：并节软骨细胞可快速贴附于Cytodex-3微载体表面,细胞伸展后生长加速,到培养后期,细胞密度可达最初接种的20倍。在微载体上收获的软骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原的免疫细胞化学染色呈阴性,Ⅱ型胶原染色则呈强阳性。结论：微载体细胞培养技术是一种简便、快速的体外细胞扩增方法,可为构体建组织工程化人工软骨提供大量软骨软件。     

雌激素对软骨细胞胶原表型表达的影响

目的 :观察雌激素对体外培养兔关节软骨细胞胶原表型表达的影响。方法 :体外培养雌兔关节软骨细胞 ,随机分为A、B两组 ,A组中加入 1 7β -雌二醇 0mol/L、1 0 - 6 mol/L、1 0 - 7mol/L、1 0 - 8mol/L、1 0 - 9mol/L、1 0 - 10 mol/L、1 0 - 11mol/L、1 0 - 12 mol/L干预 72小时 ;B组先用 1 0ng/mlIL - 1 β干预 2 4小时 ,随后分别加入 0mol/L、1 0 - 6 mol/L～ 1 0 - 12 mol/L 1 7β -雌二醇作用 72小时。采用RT-PCR方法观察软骨细胞Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胶原表达。结果 :1 0 - 6 mol/L雌二醇或单用IL - 1 β均抑制正常软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达 ,低浓度雌二醇 (1 0 - 11、1 0 - 12 mol/L)能够对抗IL - 1 β的抑制作用 ;所有软骨细胞均未表达Ⅲ型胶原mRNA ;几乎所有浓度雌二醇 (1 0 - 12 mol/L除外 )均诱导软骨细胞表达Ⅰ型胶原。结论 :雌激素对关节软骨细胞胶原表型表达的调控作用随其浓度变化而不同。对变性软骨细胞而言 ,低于生理浓度的雌激素 (1 0 - 12 mol/L)对维持其胶原表型最适宜。     

兔半月板纤维软骨细胞的体外去分化研究

目的:比较研究不同代次间兔半月板纤维软骨细胞生物学特性的改变,为构建组织工程半月板和细胞治疗中的种子细胞优选提供进一步的理论和实践基础。方法:采用机械分离与酶连续消化相结合的方法体外分离兔半月板纤维软骨细胞,单层培养传代至第5代。采用相差倒置显微镜和SEM观察各代细胞的形态变化和超微结构,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况并描绘生长曲线,采用细胞化学染色和免疫组化鉴定细胞分泌的蛋白聚糖和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白。结果:半月板纤维软骨细胞原代接种后8~12 h开始贴壁,48~72h大部分细胞贴壁,胞质逐渐展开,细胞变大伸长,形成突起,呈多角形,细胞形态规则,轮廓清晰,镜下观察有立体感,7~10 d后,细胞长满传代。传代后细胞贴壁生长能力和增殖速度明显加快,原代至第2代细胞形态较规则,多呈多角形,大小均一。第3代后随着传代次数的增加,细胞中梭形细胞增多,分泌和增殖能力下降,传代周期延长。第5代分裂相少见,密度稀疏,细胞形态不佳,约80%呈长梭形,分泌和增殖能力下降。SEM示第1代半月板细胞形态规则,呈多极性,表面有突起;第5代细胞形态不规则,多呈梭形。生长曲线可见第4代前半月板细胞生长速度及生长周期均相似,第5代后细胞生长速度减慢,增殖减缓。细胞化学和免疫组化染色分析胶原和蛋白聚糖的表达:随传代的进行,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖的表达逐渐减弱而Ⅰ型胶原表达逐渐增强。结论:体外单层培养条件下,随着传代的进行,细胞活力逐渐下降,生长速度减慢,传代周期延长,逐渐变为梭形,形态不规则。体外单层培养系统中半月板纤维软骨细胞表型随传代的进行,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖的表达逐渐减少而Ⅰ型胶原表达逐渐增多,体外单层培养条件下培养的半月板纤维软骨细胞从第3代开始逐渐失去其特异性表型,发生去分化,逐渐变为成纤维细胞的表型。体外单层分离培养的第5代前半月板细胞基本维持纤维软骨细胞的表型和生物学特性,可作为组织工程半月板的种子细胞。     

应用自体血清培养大鼠关节软骨细胞生物学行为研究

目的:比较自体血清与胎牛血清体外培养大鼠关节软骨细胞生物学行为的差异。方法:分离培养雄性8周Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠软骨细胞,分别在5%、10%自体血清和10%胎牛血清中进行单层传代培养,采用光镜观察细胞形态变化,绘制生长曲线评估细胞增殖速度,通过甲苯胺蓝染色,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色以及流式细胞仪分析细胞CD26、CD44及Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原表达以检测软骨细胞生物学行为的变化。结果:(1)在培养3代内,原代培养的软骨细胞形态呈多角形,而3代培养的细胞都为梭形,三组无明显差别;(2)5%自体血清培养的细胞的生长速度与10%胎牛血清培养的细胞接近,10%自体血清培养的软骨细胞的生长速度快于前两组;(3)甲苯胺蓝染色结果证明三组细胞均随传代数增加酸性粘多糖蛋白分泌量下降,且10%胎牛血清组比10%和5%自体血清培养组下降更明显,而10%与5%自体血清培养组之间无明显差异;(4)免疫组化染色和流式细胞仪检测结果表明10%与5%自体血清培养的软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达高于10%胎牛血清培养的细胞(P<0.05),10%与5%自体血清组无显著性差异(P>0.05);随体外培养时间延长,三组细胞合成的Ⅱ型胶原均逐渐减少,Ⅰ型胶原表达逐渐增多。(5)流式细胞仪观察显示三组CD26表达虽有增加但无显著性差异,CD44表达均随传代数增加而逐渐增加,且在1、3代细胞之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在3种培养条件下,相同代数的软骨细胞CD26和CD44表达无显著性差异。结论:本研究发现10%自体血清培养大鼠软骨细胞生长速度快,且仍可以较好保持细胞表型,推测在可能条件下使用浓度较高的自体血清可以缩短体外培养时间而达到较多细胞保持表型的目的。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.