数字化视网膜照相术在早产儿视网膜病筛查中的应用

目的：评估数字化视网膜照相术（RetCam）进行眼底检查的实用性及对ROP诊断的有效率。方法：对2007年6月至2008年3月间我科收治的112例早产儿运用间接眼底镜和RetCam同时进行眼底检查,以间接眼底检查诊断ROP的结果为“金标准”,记录RetCam检查眼底结果并进行统计学分析。结果：应用RetCam共检出各期ROP 46眼,其中间接眼底镜检查证实有ROP 43眼,RetCam诊断ROP的敏感度为97.7%,特异度为98.3%,阳性预测值为93.5%,阴性预测值为99.4%,1例ROPⅠ期漏诊,RetCam与间接眼底镜对ROP诊断的一致率为97.3%。结论：RetCam是一种有效的ROP的诊断新方法,可推广应用。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（10）：774-776］     

早产儿视网膜病经间接检眼镜激光治疗后视网膜脱离分析

目的分析严重早产儿视网膜病(ROP)经间接检眼镜激光治疗后出现视网膜脱离的特点。方法回顾性收集2006年1月至2008年2月经间接检眼镜激光治疗后出现视网膜脱离的ROP患儿,统计其性别、孕周、出生体重、ROP诊断、激光治疗参数、眼底随访情况、RetCam图片等临床资料,分析激光治疗后视网膜脱离的发生时间、部位和范围等特点。结果7例患儿(共12只眼)经间接检眼镜激光治疗后出现视网膜脱离,其平均孕周为29.9周(28～35周),平均出生体重1366g(1140～1810g)。激光治疗前诊断为阈值病变8只眼(占66.7%),阈值前病变1型4只眼(33.3%)。所有患眼激光治疗后平均5.8周出现视网膜脱离,其中11只眼(91.7%)在治疗后2～7周出现视网膜脱离,仅1只眼(8.3%)于激光治疗后24周出现4B期。所有患眼中,9只眼(75.0%)表现为颞侧、局限性的牵引性视网膜脱离,脱离范围<4个钟点,1只眼(8.3%)表现为鼻侧、局限性视网膜脱离,脱离范围4个钟点,另2只眼(16.7%)为累及各象限的完全性视网膜脱离。所有患儿激光治疗后平均随访27.2周。结论严重早产儿视网膜病经间接检眼镜激光治疗后7周内出现视网膜脱离的可能性比较大,主要表现为颞侧玻璃体增殖、牵引而导致的局限性视网膜脱离。     

早产儿视网膜病的高危因素分析

目的了解我院早产儿视网膜病（refinopathy of prematurity,ROP）的发病状况,并对其高危因素进行分析。方法对2010年1月至2012年12月在我院新生儿科住院的早产儿（胎龄≤36周,体重≤2．5kg）,于生后2周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。将患儿全身状况及吸氧、母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素进行分析。结果255例患儿全部完成了眼底筛查,在周边视网膜血管化或病变退化后终止随访,发现ROP16例（26只眼）,ROP患病率为6．3％（5．1％）,其中Ⅰ期12例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例。高危因素分析示胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间,吸氧浓度、机械通气与ROP相关（P〈0．05）;母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素与ROP发病无关。结论早产、吸氧浓度高、机械通气是ROP的主要危险因素。对早产儿适时进行ROP筛查,并对发现的ROP早期进行有效视网膜激光光凝术,可控制病变,降低早产儿的致盲率。     

75例早产儿视网膜病筛查结果分析

目的分析早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的发病情况，为防治ROP提供参考。方法对2005年1月1日～12月31日在北京海淀区妇幼保健院出生的孕周≤34周或出生体重≤2000g的早产儿生后4～6周开始定期检查眼底至周边视网膜血管化。根据早产儿视网膜病变国际分期标准进行诊断、分期。结果75例资料完整的早产儿中有5例发生ROP，患病率为6．7％，ROPⅠ期3例，Ⅱ期1例，Ⅲ期1例；按早产儿出生体重分为≤1500g组、≤2000g组、〉2000g组，三组ROP的发生率分别为40％、5％、3．3％；按早产儿胎龄分为≤30周组、≤32周组、≤34周组、〉34周组，四组ROP的发生率分别为40％、6．7％、5．4％、0；吸氧组ROP发生率高于未吸氧组，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论出生体重、胎龄及氧疗为ROP的发病高危因素；胎龄越小，出生体重越轻，ROP发病率越高；预防ROP的根本措施是减少早产的发生及合理用氧，对早产儿常规进行眼底检查，能及时发现ROP并加以治疗。     

应用闪光视网膜电图评估早产儿视网膜病变自然退行者视网膜功能的病例对照研究

目的 应用闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）评估早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）自然退行者在终止检查时点的视网膜功能。方法 采用病例对照研究设计,ROP自然退行者作为病例组,未发生ROP的早产儿作为对照组,病例组以筛查间隔期分3个亚组（A亚组：Ⅲ区 1期病变3周检查1次;B亚组：Ⅱ区1期、Ⅲ区2期病变2周检查1次;C亚组：Ⅰ区无ROP、Ⅰ区1期或2期、Ⅰ区退行ROP和Ⅱ区2期或3期病变每周检查1次）。依据中国ROP筛查指南方案至终止检查时点,应用F-ERG对两组早产儿进行视网膜功能评估,比较两组指标的差异,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;A、B、C 3亚组间比较P<0.016 7为差异有统计学意义。结果 2015年1月至2016年1月复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿病房符合本文病例组和对照组纳入标准的早产儿分别为119例和160例。依据排除标准,病例组39例（78眼）、对照组37例（74眼）进入本文分析。病例组较对照组视杆反应b波、最大混合反应a波、最大混合反应b波、振荡电位峰值、视锥反应b波平均振幅降低,差异均有统计学意义;各反应平均潜伏期均延长,差异均有统计学意义。B亚组较A亚组各反应平均振幅和平均潜伏期差异均无统计学意义; C亚组较A亚组视杆反应b波、振荡电位峰值和视锥反应b波平均振幅下降,差异有统计学意义,平均潜伏期除最大混合反应a波和视锥反应a波外,余反应均延迟,差异有统计学意义;C亚组较B亚组各反应平均振幅和平均潜伏期差异均无统计学意义。结论 ROP自然退行者在终止筛查时点,其视网膜功能发育落后于相同矫正胎龄的未发生ROP的早产儿,ROP病变程度越重、越靠近后级部,对视网膜功能影响越明显。     

早产儿视网膜病的高危因素分析

目的了解我院早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病状况,探讨其危险因素。方法选择2011年1月至2012年12月在我院新生儿科住院并符合入选标准的早产儿（胎龄≤36周,体重≤2500 g,出生后需要吸氧）,生后2周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。将患儿全身状况和吸氧情况,以及母孕期吸氧、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥等因素进行统计分析。结果 255例患儿完成了全部眼底筛查,在周边视网膜血管化或病变退化后终止随访。发现ROP 16例（26只眼）,ROP患病率为6.3%（5.1%）,其中I期12例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄（OR=0.220,95%CI 0.120-0.490）、出生体重（OR=1.235,95%CI 1.109-2.872）、吸氧时间（OR=2.329,95%CI 1.044-3.531）,吸氧浓度（OR=1.881,95%CI 2.268-18.973）、机械通气（OR=1.924,95%CI 2.014-17.615）与ROP相关（P均〈0.05）。结论早产、出生体重低、吸氧浓度高、吸氧时间长和机械通气是ROP的主要危险因素。对早产儿适时进行ROP筛查,早期对发现的ROP患儿进行有效视网膜激光光凝术,可提高早产儿日后生存质量。     

早产儿视网膜病年度筛查报告

目的调查温州医学院附属育英儿童医院早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及其发病高危因素,初步对2004年我国卫生部制定的ROP筛查标准进行评价。方法对2007年1月1日-12月31日入住该院新生儿科并符合筛查标准的254例早产儿进行ROP筛查,即出生体重<2000g的早产儿,在婴儿出生后4～6周或矫正胎龄32周开始进行检查,随诊至周边视网膜血管化。再分别按英国推荐的ROP筛查标准(体重≤1500g或孕周≤31周)和美国推荐的ROP筛查标准(体重≤1500g或孕周≤28周)对筛查结果进行比较。结果在接受筛查的254例早产儿中,发生ROP24例,发生率为9.4%。其中Ⅰ期病变18例,Ⅱ期病变4例,Ⅲ期病变2例,2例需激光治疗,无失明病例。若按美国推荐的ROP筛选标准统计,将遗漏21例,其中包括2例需要激光光凝治疗;若按英国推荐的标准筛选,将遗漏8例,其中1例同样需要激光光凝治疗。本研究将出生体重在1500～2000g的早产儿再细分为4组进行比较,发现发生ROP的患儿基本集中在出生体重1501～1600g组,与其余3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),而在这组筛查患儿中出生体重在1601～2000g的患儿数远远多于1501～1600g患儿例数(165/30)。ROP相关因素的Logistic回归分析结果表明,孕周、出生体重、吸氧时间、机械通气、呼吸窘迫综合征、输血是发生ROP的高危因素。结论出生体重≤1600g的早产儿为ROP筛查标准更符合本地区的实际情况;对于出生体重>1600g的早产儿,根据患儿全身疾病情况有选择的进行筛查可减少漏诊率。孕周、出生体重、吸氧时间、机械通气、呼吸窘迫综合征、输血是发生ROP的高危因素。有必要根据更多的流行病学结果,制定出符合我国国情的ROP筛选标准。     

早产儿视网膜病1082例筛查报告及诊治分析

目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的早期诊治方法,分析其筛查结果.方法 由眼底病专科医生应用双目间接眼底镜对本院新生儿科2004年7月至2009年6月收治的胎龄＜34周或出生体质量＜2000 g的住院早产儿进行ROP筛查.首次筛查时间为纠正胎龄32～34周或生后4～6周,对检出的阈值期或阈值前期1型ROP(重症)患儿全部给予眼底激光光凝术,对视网膜血管未发育成熟、1～2期或阈值前期2型(轻度)ROP患儿进行密切随访,直至视网膜血管发育至锯齿缘或发展成为重症.对所有的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 5年共收治早产儿2 295例,符合筛查标准的早产儿1 082例,占47.14%;检出ROP总阳性病例154例,占筛查对象的14.23%(154/1082);其轻度ROP86例,占7.94%(86/1 082);重症ROP 68例,占6.28%(68/1 082).68例重症ROP患儿中,有6例出院后随访期间发现进展为重症ROP而再入院,有2例放弃治疗1年后证实全部失明.66例(132只眼)接受各种治疗,其中63例单用光凝术治疗;3例急进性后极ROP中2例采用玻璃体腔内注入血管内皮生长因子拮抗剂(Avastin)联合光凝术治疗,1例单用光凝术治疗者治疗后仍出现部分视网膜脱离,经玻璃体视网膜手术后仍失明;随访结果65例成功的保存了视力,成功率98.48%(65/66).在观察期间未达到光凝治疗条件,因原发病恶化死亡10例,经光凝治疗后的患儿未出现死亡.结论 ROP筛查是防止ROP病情发展的有效措施,对重症ROP及时给予光凝术治疗是安全有效的方法,对急进性后极ROP可用玻璃体腔内注入血管内皮生长因子拮抗剂联合光凝术治疗抢救视力.     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查及相关因素分析

目的：分析我院早产儿视网膜病变( retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病情况,探讨其相关因素。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2014年9月我院新生儿科住院的182例早产儿(出生体重<2000 g或胎龄<37周)的临床资料。于生后第4~6周或纠正胎龄32周进行ROP筛查,并定期随访。结果182例早产儿中筛查出不同程度ROP患儿32例,占17.6％,其中单眼10例,双眼22例。ROP患儿平均出生胎龄为(29.3±1.5)周,平均出生体重为(1280±240)g,其中ROP 1期11例,2期5例,3期16例,附加病变5例,住院期间18例患儿行视网膜激光光凝手术,2例行Lucentis球内注射。ROP组患儿与非ROP组在出生体重、胎龄、吸氧、肺表面活性物质应用、感染、窒息、输血方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、吸氧、机械通气、肺表面活性物质应用对ROP的发生有明显影响( P<0.05)。结论胎龄、出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停、感染等因素与ROP的发生有关,出生体重及胎龄越低,ROP发病率越高。     

中国多中心新生儿重症监护室胎龄小于34周早产儿出院前视网膜病变发生率的横断面调查

目的调查中国NICU胎龄34周早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发生率。方法数据来源于"基于证据的质量改进方法降低我国新生儿重症监护室院内感染发生率的整群随机对照试验"所建立的早产儿临床数据库,收集25家三级NICU 2015年5月1日至2018年4月30日住院期间接受积极治疗、转出NICU或死亡前至少完成1次ROP筛查的胎龄34周早产儿的临床资料,分析不同胎龄及出生体重早产儿的ROP发生率、分期及治疗方式,并比较各单位间的差异。结果14 015例34周的早产儿在出院前或死亡前至少进行了1次ROP筛查,筛查阳性2 304例(16.4%),其中ROP1期1 092例(7.8%),ROP2期1 004例(7.2%),ROP 3～5期208例(1.5%)。胎龄28周早产儿ROP发生率为56.5%(578/1 023),3～5期ROP发生率为9.6%(98/1 023)。出生体重1 000 g和1 000～1 499 g早产儿ROP发生率分别为54.2%(465/858)和22.1%(1 411/6 381),3～5期ROP发生率分别为9.6%(82/858)和1.5%(95/6 381)。2 304例ROP早产儿在出院前188例(8.2%)接受治疗,其中眼内药物注射117例。各单位间ROP发生率存在显著差异。结论胎龄34周的早产儿的ROP发生率为16.4%,8.2%的ROP患儿接受治疗,其中62%采用玻璃体内注药,不同单位间ROP发生率差异显著。     

779例新生儿眼底筛查结果及新生儿眼底疾病高危因素分析

目的 应用广角数码视网膜成像系统(RetCam3)进行新生儿眼底筛查,了解早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿视网膜疾病的患病率及影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2013年1~12月在我院新生儿病房行RetCam3眼底筛查的早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿的临床病例资料.结果 779例早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿接受筛查,检出有眼底病变患儿100例(12.8%),其中视网膜出血69例(8.9%)、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)10例(1.3%)、眼底渗出9例(1.2%)、视网膜有髓神经纤维4例(0.5%)、视网膜色素沉着3例(0.4%)、先天性白内障和结晶样变性各2例(0.3%)、视网膜母细胞瘤1例(0.1%).Logistic回归分析表明低出生体重、胎龄小和有吸氧史是ROP发病的高危因素(分别OR=0.209、0.248、0.049,均P<0.01);阴道分娩和有机械通气史是导致视网膜出血的高危因素(分别OR=3.196、1.731,均P<0.05).结论 新生儿眼底病变多样且危害严重,早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿应该是眼底筛查的重点人群,临床应加强对高危因素的干预,从而降低ROP和视网膜出血的发生率.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To evaluate the clinical features of retinopathy of prematurity ??ROP?? and the long-term therapeutic effect. Methods??The clinical data ?? ROP stage ?? the therapy and long-term prognosis of 107 preterm infants with ROP were retrospectively analyzed??who were admitted to Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between January 1?? 2004 to July 31?? 2009. Results??Among 64 preterm infants with Stage 1 or 2 ROP?? 6 infants with Stage 2 ROP developed to type I threshold ROP and received the laser therapy. All the follow-up infants except the death did not need special treatment without the vision affected later and the lesions of ROP were self-limiting. Fifteen infants were detected with Stage 3 ROP?? of whom 14 infants had threshold ROP and received the laser therapy. Another one infant who did not develop to the threshold ROP had no treatment. Eleven follow-up infants had no blindness ?? but three infants’ vision was affected severely after the treatment and 8 infants had the normal vision. There were 28 Stage 4 or 5 ROP infants??but 18 infants were followed up completely. In follow-up infants ?? there was only one infant with the normal post-operative vision??5.6%???? 12 ones had blindness after treatment ??66.7%???? and the remaining five ones had poor eyesight and were light-sensitive ??27.7%??. Conclusion??It’s a key step to screening and intervention in time at the early stage of ROP. Otherwise the outcome is very poor when developed to the late stage with retinal detachment.     

Macular pigmentary changes as a sequelae of retinal hemorrhages in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: We assess the incidence of macular changes in ROP patients with retinal hemorrhages. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The premature group consisted of 360 children born 32 weeks gestation and/or with weight below 1,500 g. We used the RetCam-120 Digital Retinal Camera to document retinal changes. RESULTS: Of the 360 premature infants 241 (67%) had no ROP, and 119 (33%) had ROP. Of the preterm infants with ROP retinal hemorrhages were found in 46 (38%) children. Of the newborns with ROP and with retinal hemorrhages, macular pigmentary changes were found in 3 (6%) patients. Of these 3 patients, the first had pre-threshold ROP, the second threshold ROP and had underwent diode laser photocoagulation, and the third patient had stage 2 ROP. In the patients with pre-threshold and threshold ROP retinal hemorrhages appeared 6 weeks after birth and macular pigmentary changes were found 6 months after birth. In the patient with stage 2 ROP hemorrhages appeared 7-8 weeks after birth and macular pigmentary changes were detected 12 months after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Although macular hemorrhages almost always resorb without complications, our study allows the assumption that retinal hemorrhages may cause macular pigmentary changes in the macula, and thus may lead to deprivation amblyopia. Our results may suggest that the presence of the macular pigmentary changes may be related to the hemorrhage and not to the specific therapy or to the disease.     

Effect of retinopathy of prematurity on resolution acuity development in 1- to 3-year-old children

PURPOSE: To assess the pattern of visual development in children aged 1-3 years with stage 1-3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: One hundred forty-four infants weighing <1500 g were divided into three groups according to ROP stage. Randomly chosen preterm infants were the controls. Ophthalmic examinations started 4-7 weeks after birth and were performed until the retina was fully vascularized or until any ROP that had developed resolved. Preferential looking acuity measurements were carried out at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. RESULTS: Infants with stage 1-2 or no ROP showed evidence of improving acuity development after 12 months. Infants with stage 3 ROP had significantly lower acuity scores compared to infants with stage 1-2 or no ROP at the 18- and 24-month follow-up examinations (P<.001). At 36 months, the visual acuity of infants with stage 3 ROP showed evidence of improving development but still lagged behind infants with stage 1-2 or no ROP. CONCLUSION: Although mild ROP does not seem to have a considerable effect on the development of resolution acuity until age 3, severe forms of ROP may be associated with impaired visual development, which strongly suggests the necessity of periodic monitoring of early visual acuity in infants with ROP.     

Retinal detachment associated with subthreshold retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To report a series of infants who progressed from mild retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to severe ROP with retinal detachment without demonstrating detectable threshold disease. METHODS: Between January 1993 and August 1998, seven infants at Oregon Health Sciences University, followed in accordance with the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study (CRYO-ROP) protocol, progressed to retinal detachment despite documentation that threshold had not been reached. This outlying subset of patients was analyzed and compared to the cohort in the CRYO-ROP study. RESULTS: Six of 7 patients were male, 6 (86%) patients had symmetric disease, and all patients were born outside the study hospital. Mean birth-weight was 877 g and mean gestational age was 26 weeks. Mean postconceptual age at the time of retinal detachment was 41 weeks. Because of bilateral detachment in 3 patients, the total number of study eyes is 10. Failure to achieve threshold resulted from insufficient clock hours or insufficient stage in 2 eyes and lack of plus in 8 eyes. Zone I disease was present in 1 eye. CONCLUSION: Rarely, despite adhering to ROP examination protocol, the retina may detach without demonstrating antecedent threshold disease. Very low birthweight is a factor that may lead to a less predictable course. This study found a lack of plus disease results in failure to reach threshold more often than the occurrence of insufficient clock hours of stage 3 disease. Further study is needed to determine if selected cases of subthreshold ROP may benefit from ablative therapy.