内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体瘤的临床效果分析

目的探讨垂体瘤患者采用内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗的临床疗效。方法选取90例垂体瘤患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(经鼻前庭-鼻中隔-蝶窦垂体瘤切除术)与观察组(内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术),各45例。比较两组患者术中出血量、肿瘤残留、肿瘤体积缩小程度及内分泌激素下降比例。结果观察组术中出血量和肿瘤体积缩小程度及内分泌激素下降比例分别为(83.9±11.7)ml、(90.3±12.2)%、(85.9±12.1)%,与对照组[(351.2±42.8)ml、(53.7±7.4)%、(41.9±8.6)%]比较,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05;观察组肿瘤残留率(4.4%)明显低于对照组(31.1%),差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。观察组治疗优良率明显高于对照组,而术后并发症明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论应用内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体瘤疗效明显优于经鼻前庭-鼻中隔-蝶窦垂体瘤切除术,且具有较高安全性,因此可值得推广应用。     

神经内镜经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路直视下切除垂体瘤

目的:探讨神经内镜技术经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤的临床应用及手术技巧.方法: 对12例经CT和MRI诊断的垂体瘤患者在神经内镜经单鼻孔入路直视下予以切除.结果: 全切9例,近全切3例.术后2例出现一过性脑脊液漏,尿崩3例.4例内分泌检查正常,7例视力好转,无严重并发症发生.结论: 内镜单鼻孔经蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤具有良好的深部照明、微创、全景化视野等优点,手术创伤小,并发症少、病人恢复快.     

神经内镜经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路直视下切除垂体瘤

目的：探讨神经内镜技术经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤的临床应用及手术技巧。方法：对12例经CT和MRI诊断的垂体瘤患者在神经内镜经单鼻孔入路直视下予以切除。结果：全切9例,近全切3例。术后2例出现一过性脑脊液漏,尿崩3例。4例内分泌检查正常,7例视力好转,无严重并发症发生。结论：内镜单鼻孔经蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤具有良好的深部照明、微创、全景化视野等优点,手术创伤小,并发症少、病人恢复快。     

神经内镜下经鼻经蝶垂体瘤切除术患者的针对性护理效果

目的探讨针对性护理对神经内镜下经鼻经蝶垂体瘤切除术患者的影响。方法选取2014年6月至2016年6月间于四川省遂宁市中心医院行内镜下经鼻经蝶垂体瘤切除术治疗的84例垂体瘤患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,每组42例。观察组患者在常规护理基础上应用针对性护理干预,对照组患者采用常规护理干预。观察比较两组垂体瘤患者的手术指标、术后并发症及满意度。结果观察组患者肠鸣音恢复时间和肛门排气时间均低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间与术中出血量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率4.8%,低于对照组患者的23.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意率100.0%高于对照组患者的85.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对性护理能够有效促使神经内镜下经鼻经蝶垂体瘤切除术患者术后胃肠功能恢复,降低并发症发生率,提高护理满意度。     

经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术并发症的防治

目的：探讨经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路行垂体瘤切除术并发症的防治。方法：对60例垂体瘤采用在手术显微镜下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除术，为预防及减少并发症的发生，注意术中精细操作切除肿瘤及处理瘤腔。术后及时合理的治疗并发症。结果：60例垂体瘤手术均很顺利，出血不多，并发症少。没有发生视力恶化、颈内动脉及其分支损伤、颅神经损伤、感染、长期脑脊液漏及尿崩等严重和（或）永久性并发症，无死亡。部分病例出现一过性尿崩（12例，20％）、脑脊液漏（5例，8．3％）、蛛网膜下腔出血伴有高颅压1例（2％），经过积极治疗后均在3—8天内恢复。结论：在显微镜下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤安全、省时、并发症少。术中精细操作切除肿瘤及处理瘤腔是防止及减少并发症发生的根本。术后积极合理的治疗并发症均能获得痊愈。     

内镜辅助下经鼻腔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的安全性分析

目的探讨内镜辅助下经鼻腔蝶窦入路垂体瘤切除术的安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2013年5月期间收治的58例垂体瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均在内镜辅助下经鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤,手术前均进行影像学和血液内分泌激素检查,术后随访0.5¹年。结果在内镜辅助下,肿瘤全部切除41例(70.7%),大部分切除11例(19.0%),小部分切除6例(10.3%),所有患者的症状均有不同程度的改善。结论在内镜辅助下经鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤创伤小,临床疗效显著。手术过程中认真操作和科学处理能够减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性和有效性。     

应用神经导航辅助技术在内镜下切除伴有甲介、鞍前型蝶窦的垂体腺瘤

背景与目的：多数学者认为伴有甲介、鞍前型蝶窦的垂体腺瘤不适合内镜下切除．但应用神经导航辅助技术可以克服其在内镜下手术的缺陷。本文着重探讨应用神经导航辅助技术在内镜下切除伴有甲介、鞍前型蝶蜜的垂体腺瘤。方法：回顾性分析我院自2004年10月至2008年10月应用神经导航技术对伴有甲介、鞍前型蝶窦变异的垂体瘤进行内镜下单鼻孔手术21例。其中生长激素腺瘤4例．高泌乳素腺瘤6例,促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤7例,无功能性腺瘤4例。蝶窦冠状CT及蝶窦X线平片提示蝶窦形态,甲介型9例。鞍前型12例。术前行头部CT、MRI扫描,术中神经导航定位,在内镜下经单鼻孔切除肿瘤。结果：术后随访6．24个月,术前症状（视力受损、尿崩症）均在术后消失,血液、内分泌指标均在正常范围内。术后随访1年以上的病例（17例）复查MRI均提示未见肿瘤残留或复发。术后所有病例均未出现颅内出血、视力、视野障碍、尿崩、脑脊液漏、颅内感染等并发症。结论：对于伴有甲介、鞍前型蝶窦变异的垂体瘤手术．应用神经导航辅助内镜能确保术中定位准确,术野大且直观。有利于切除肿瘤．并保护周围重要结构．     

41例神经内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤术后并发症及防治经验

  目的   探讨神经内镜经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体瘤术后常见并发症及防治措施。   方法   回顾性分析2008年7月至2011年9月行神经内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤手术41例。总结手术前后影像学（CT和MRI）及血液内分泌激素检查,33例（80.5%）病例获得6~24个月的随访。   结果   肿瘤全切除32例（78.0%）,次全切除7例（17.1%）,部分切除2例（4.9%）。术后复查,内分泌激素不同程度改善。10例出现术后并发症:嗅觉减退1例,蛛网膜下腔出血1例,蝶窦囊肿1例,脑脊液鼻漏3例,长期尿崩症3例,暂时性高热和水、电解质紊乱1例。33例随访患者中,2例在术后2年内复发。   结论   神经内镜经鼻蝶窦垂体瘤切除手术创伤小,显露清楚,术前鼻腔脑棉填塞,术中充分发挥内镜的作用,精细操作处理肿瘤和瘤腔,术后积极合理地治疗并发症,可获得满意的治疗效果。      

神经导航辅助显微镜下经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除的临床研究——附30例报道

背景与目的:经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术已成功用于垂体瘤的治疗,但入路角度的微小偏差可能导致严重的手术并发症。本研究评价神经导航辅助显微镜下经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术的疗效,并讨论术中应用神经导航的优点和不足。方法:2001年8月至2007年12月,我科30例垂体瘤患者经鼻蝶应用神经导航辅助显微镜下确认到达鞍底的路径和解剖中线,手术切除肿瘤。回顾性分析30例病史、影像学资料、术中应用CT和/或MRI影像资料的导航方法、并发症的发生及随访资料。结果:收录的病例中肿瘤全切21例(70%),次全切除9例(30%),其中4例在随访期间复发。术中脑脊液漏3例(10%);术后一过性尿崩12例(40%),持续性尿崩1例。大部分病例术后症状改善,无神经血管并发症,没有因导航系统的定位误差引起的并发症发生。结论:神经导航辅助使经鼻蝶手术入路定位更准确,减少手术并发症,手术效果满意。但MRI、CT导航在定位上各有优势和缺陷,两项技术融合使用可能成为垂体瘤导航手术新的研究方向。     

显微镜与神经内镜下经单侧鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体瘤的效果及并发症

目的探讨显微镜与神经内镜下经单侧鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体瘤的效果及并发症。方法选取2017年5月至2018年5月间佛山市第一人民医院收治的144例垂体瘤患者,将采用显微镜下经单侧鼻蝶入路手术治疗的72例患者纳入对照组,采用神经内镜下经单侧鼻蝶入路手术治疗的72例患者纳入观察组,比较两组患者手术前后应激反应指标含量、术后并发症发生情况和手术前后血清相关激素含量。结果观察组患者术中出血量、手术时间和住院时间均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。与手术前比较,两组患者手术后白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8和超敏C反应蛋白含量均增加,且观察组患者各指标均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。与手术前比较,两组患者手术后促肾上腺皮质激素、生长激素和泌乳素含量均降低,且观察组患者各指标均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者术后并发尿崩症、垂体功能低下和手术部位渗血情况均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论手术治疗垂体瘤,神经内镜优于显微镜,值得临床推广使用。     

Microsurgical resection of pituitary adenoma via single-nostril transsphenoidal approach

OBJECTIVE To explore the methods and experience of the single-nostril transsphenoidal approach for treating pituitary adenomas. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients who had pituitary tumors and received surgery via the singlenostril transsphenoidal approach and observed the effects and complications of surgery. The specific surgical methods are： a nasal speculum is inserted slowly through the right nostril towards the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. A 1.5 cm incision is made into the nasal mucosa in the right nasal cavity at the level of the middle nasal turbinate. By fracturing the bony septum, a space is formed between the bilateral nasal mucosa and the bony septum of the sphenoid sinus. Then, the inside of the sphenoid sinus is exposed. The remaining part of the bony septum, the anterior sphenoid sinus wall, and the sphenoid mucosa are gradually removed. The anterior sphenoidotomy is less than 1.5 cm wide. After confirming the tumor by dural puncture, a cross incision of the dura is made, and the tumor is slowly removed by curette. The sella is usually collapsed and visible after the total tumor removal. When the tumor is resected satisfactorily, gelatin sponges are placed into the operative cavity to stop bleeding. RESULTS Postoperative MRI scans revealed that among the 46 cases, total resection of the tumor was achieved in 34 cases and subtotal in 12. No deaths or disability occurred, and the hormone levels of almost all patients improved. Signs of diabetes insipidus occurred in 17, electrolyte disturbances in 5, and there were no reports of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. CONCLUSION The direct single nostril transsphenoidal approach of continuous improvement has the advantages of a convenient approach, simplified operation, safety and high efficiency.     

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微手术切除垂体腺瘤126例分析

目的:探讨经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床意义。方法:对126例垂体腺瘤病人采用经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路显微手术切除。结果:全切除89例,次全切31例,部分切除6例,病人视力症状及内分泌功能术后均有改善。术后尿崩症18例、脑脊液漏13例、术腔血肿3例,经再次手术治疗均治愈。结论:经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤具有微创、安全、简便等优点,是大部分垂体腺瘤的首选手术方式。     

Microsurgical Resection of Pituitary Adenoma via Single-Nostril Transsphenoidal Approach

OBJECTIVE To explore the methods and experience of the single-nostril transsphenoidal approach for treating pituitary adenomas.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients who had pituitary tumors and received surgery via the single-nostril transsphenoidal approach and observed the effects and complications of surgery. The specific surgical methods are: a nasal speculum is inserted slowly through the right nostril towards the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. A 1.5 cm incision is made into the nasal mucosa in the right nasal cavity at the level of the middle nasal turbinate. By fracturing the bony septum, a space is formed between the bilateral nasal mucosa and the bony septum of the sphenoid sinus. Then, the inside of the sphenoid sinus is exposed. The remaining part of the bony septum, the anterior sphenoid sinus wall, and the sphenoid mucosa are gradually removed. The anterior sphenoidotomy is less than 1.5 cm wide. After confirming the tumor by dural puncture, a cross incision of the dura is made, and the tumor is slowly removed by curette. The sella is usually collapsed and visible after the total tumor removal. When the tumor is resected satisfactorily, gelatin sponges are placed into the operative cavity to stop bleeding.RESULTS Postoperative MRI scans revealed that among the 46 cases, total resection of the tumor was achieved in 34 cases and subtotal in 12. No deaths or disability occurred, and the hormone levels of almost all patients improved. Signs of diabetes insipidus occurred in 17, electrolyte disturbances in 5, and there were no reports of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. CONCLUSION The direct single nostril transsphenoidal approach of continuous improvement has the advantages of a convenient approach, simplified operation, safety and high efficiency.     

垂体腺瘤的手术治疗：单中心508例临床总结

目的总结垂体腺瘤I临床特征、手术策略及术后并发症。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月期间南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的508例垂体腺瘤的临床特征,比较经蝶窦人路与开颅手术的治疗效果及相关并发症。结果垂体腺瘤男女发病比为1：1．32,发病高峰年龄为31～60岁,占70．5％。垂体腺瘤激素类型以泌乳素腺瘤、生长激素腺瘤及无内分泌功能腺瘤居多。93．5％的术式为经蝶窦入路。经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤手术全切率为85．2％,术后7天症状缓解率88．8％,术后5天激素水平明显好转率87．0％。结论经蝶窦人路手术已取代开颅手术成为垂体腺瘤切除术的首选方法。     

垂体腺瘤不同治疗方法的疗效对比分析

目的 :探讨各种类型垂体腺瘤合理有效的治疗方式。方法 :对采用口服溴隐亭、伽玛刀、经鼻 -蝶入路和经颅入路手术治疗的 12 9例垂体瘤的疗效进行对比分析。结果 :伽玛刀组 2 3 2 %的患者和经鼻 -蝶组 10 0 %的患者治疗后肿瘤完全消失 ,经鼻 -蝶组和经颅手术组肿瘤的次全切除率分别为90 0 %和 94 9% ,术后复发率为 5 1%。结论 :育龄妇女的垂体PRL微、小腺瘤可先试用口服溴隐亭治疗并随访 ;伽玛刀可作为各类垂体微、小腺瘤和部分大型腺瘤首选的治疗手段 ;采用经颅入路显微手术和术后辅助放射外科治疗是提高垂体巨型腺瘤全切除率、降低复发率的重要手段     

经蝶内窥镜辅助下切除大型垂体腺瘤42例

[目的]探讨绎蝶内窥镜辅助下切除大型垂体腺瘤的手术方法、手术技巧及其优点。[方法]经内窥镜控制下经蝶手术入路手术治疗垂体榴患者42例。[结果]肿增全切36例．次全切6例．手术效果良好。[结论]经蝶内窥镜辅助下切除大型垂体腺瘤具有微创、照明良好、视野开阔等优点，是垂体瘤手术治疗的发展方向。     

经蝶入路切除垂体瘤术后复发的二次手术治疗

探讨复发性垂体瘤的二次经蝶手术的效果、并发症及术中定位。回顾分析7年间38例复发性垂体瘤的手术,肿瘤大小1·1~3·9cm,复发的肿瘤大多仍在原位或向蝶窦内生长。MRI有助于术中定位。手术均采用单侧鼻蝶入路。结果31例获肿瘤全切,7例次全切除。术后1例复发行第3次手术,其余未见复发。初步研究结果提示,经蝶术后复发性垂体瘤应首选二次经蝶手术,全切率高。术中定位至关重要,中鼻甲是良好的定位标志。     

急性垂体腺瘤卒中患者经蝶手术前后垂体功能的观察

Objective： To explore the pituitary function of acute pituitary apoplexy and its effect by transsphenoidal surgery. Methods： The clinical data and endocrine hormones level of 25 patients with acute pituitary apoplexy who underwent transsphenoidal surgery from Jan. 2002 to June 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Results： 13 cases underwent surgery within 3 days after admission and 22 cases within 1 week. Of the 25 cases, 9 patients suffered the impairment of pituitary-thyroidal function, 14 cases of pituitary-adrenal function and 11 cases of pituitary-gonadal function before surgery. After surgery, 5/9, 8/14 and 7/11 were recovered from the corresponding hypopituitarism. Conclusion： Hypopituitarism is a major manifestation of acute pituitary apoplexy. Urgent surgery decompression contributed to the improvement of pituitary function. Patients with hypopituitarism after surgery required the corresponding hormones replacement therapy.     

经鼻蝶不同微创手术方式用于垂体瘤治疗的效果研究

目的 探讨不同微创手术方式经鼻蝶治疗垂体瘤的效果.方法 选取垂体瘤患者80例,根据手术方法 不同将患者分为两组,其中38例行神经内镜下经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术的患者为神经内镜组,42例行显微镜下经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术的患者为显微镜组,观察两组患者的手术情况及术后并发症发生情况.结果 神经内镜组患者的术中出血量为(45.09±10.31)ml,少于显微镜组的(77.82±12.06)ml,手术时间、住院时间分别为(121.44±27.63)min、(6.74±1.14)d,均短于显微镜组的(154.67±38.20)min、(10.25±1.47)d,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);神经内镜组患者的肿瘤全切比例为94.74%,高于显微镜组的71.43%(P﹤0.05);神经内镜组患者的术后并发症发生率为7.89%,低于显微镜组的26.19%(P﹤0.05).结论 神经内镜下经鼻蝶治疗垂体瘤安全有效,具有创伤小、术后并发症少等优点,建议可在临床上进一步推广应用.     

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery

Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was developed under a minimally invasive surgical strategy. This endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopy eliminates a sublabial or transfixional incision, the use of a transsphenoidal retractor and any nasal packing. Materials and method: Reported are 160 patients who had undergone endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery from 1993 to 1999. Seventy were men and ninety women. Age ranged from 14 to 88 years (median 43 years). Among the 160 patients, 128 had pituitary adenomas, 9 had anterior fossa meningiomas, 7 had clival chordomas and 16 patients had other pathologies. Results: Among the 68 patients with hormone-none-secreting adenomas, 53 (78%) patients had gross total removal. Among the 35 patients with prolactinomas, 24 (71%) patients exhibited normalized prolactin levels postoperatively. Eleven (70%) patients among the 16 with Cushing's disease had normal postoperative cortisol levels. Among the 9 patients with acromegaly, 7 (78%) had normalized postoperative IGF-1 levels. Among the 9 patients with anterior cranial fossa meningiomas, 7 had gross total removal and 2 had subtotal removal. Among the 7 patients with clival chordomas, 5 had total removal and 2 had subtotal removal. One patient with a large calcified recurrent pituitary fibrosarcoma died postoperatively. Postoperative morbidities included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in 6%, meningitis in 1.2%, deterioration of anterior pituitary function in 11%, temporary diabetes insipidus in 4%, permanent diabetes insipidus in 3%, and sinusitis in 1.2%. Outpatient surgery was performed in 2 patients. One hundred and eleven patients (66%) stayed in the hospital only overnight. Postoperative discomfort was minimal. Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in this series resulted with comparable surgical outcomes to conventional microscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Patients' quick recovery, short hospital stays, and minimal postoperative discomfort have been observed.