黄精饮片3种蒸制工艺的比较

目的：优选黄精的最佳蒸制方法和工艺。方法：对黄精的加压酒蒸工艺、常压酒蒸工艺、加压清蒸工艺进行比较,分别测定3种炮制品的5-羟甲基糠醛、水浸出物、乙醇浸出物、正丁醇浸出物、多糖、总糖含量,综合评判优选。结果：6个指标综合评判Y值为：加压蒸制品Y=8.1884,常压蒸制品Y=-6.7521,加压清蒸品Y=-6.7785。结论：黄精加压蒸制工艺明显优于常压蒸制和加压清蒸工艺。     

正交试验法优选山茱萸高压酒蒸工艺的研究

目的 优选山茱萸的最佳高压酒蒸工艺。方法 以马钱苷、5-羟甲基糠醛为指标,采用正交试验法,考察酒用量、闷润时间、蒸制温度、蒸制时间4个因素(每个因素取3个水平),对山茱萸最佳炮制工艺进行优选。结果 最佳酒蒸工艺为取山茱萸100 g,加入20%酒,闷润1 h,115 ℃高压蒸1 h。结论 优选得到的山茱萸炮制工艺稳定、合理。     

不同压力与辅料蒸制何首乌的比较研究

目的比较何首乌加压与常压、加辅料与不加辅料炮制的差异。方法以二苯乙烯苷、大黄素(HPLC法定量)的含量为评价指标,采用正交设计优选加压清蒸工艺,并以加压加辅料蒸与《药典》的常压加辅料蒸进行比较研究。结果加压清蒸工艺为A2B2C3,加压蒸制品与常压蒸制品比较,2种成分含量均高于常压蒸品;加辅料蒸比清蒸好,且以黄酒黑豆汁加压蒸法最好。结论加压炮制何首乌可行,炖法优于蒸法,古人用黑豆蒸制首乌科学。     

醋蒸南五味子炮制工艺的研究

目的:探讨南五味子的最佳醋蒸工艺.方法:以五味子酯甲含量为指标,选择醋的用量、闷润时间、蒸制时间3个因素.以L9(34)正交设计表,采用方差分析方法.对南五味子进行醋蒸工艺的优选.结果:醋的用量、闷润时间、蒸制时间对南五味子醋蒸品的质量无明显影响.结论:最佳醋蒸工艺为取南五味子200g,加入30%酒,拌匀闷润2h,蒸制...     

浅谈中药的蒸制进展

蒸制是中药传统炮制中常用技术之一, 是将净选后的中药装入蒸制容器内用水蒸气加热或隔热水加热至一定程度的炮制方法, 其中不加辅料的蒸法称为清蒸, 加辅料(酒、醋、药汁等)的蒸法为加辅料蒸[1].通过对文献查阅整理, 研究蒸制的发展历程, 以为规范蒸制工艺、提高饮片质量提供有益借鉴.     

制川乌蒸煮法炮制工艺的优化

目的优化蒸(煮)川乌的炮制工艺。方法以川乌中6种乌头类生物碱的含量作为评价指标,采用正交设计法考察川乌蒸法中浸泡时间、蒸制功率、蒸制时间;煮法中浸泡时间、煮制水量、煮制时间对炮制工艺的影响,确定川乌最佳的蒸(煮)工艺。结果最佳炮制工艺参数:川乌蒸制:浸泡软化62h,于600W下蒸5h;川乌煮制:浸泡软化48h,加水1400mL煮7h。结论经优化的炮制方法炮制后的制川乌单酯型生物碱与双酯型生物碱的含量相对稳定,明确2015版药典川乌炮制条件的参数,规范川乌的炮制方法,保障制川乌工业化生产质量的稳定。     

高压醋蒸五昧子炮制工艺研究

目的探讨五味子的最佳高压醋蒸工艺。方法以五味子醇甲、5-羟甲基糠醛及总木脂素的含量为指标,选择醋的用量、蒸制时间、闷润时间、蒸制温度4个因素,以L9（30）正交设计表,采用方差分析方法,对五味子进行高压醋蒸工艺的优选。结果最佳醋蒸工艺为A2B2C2D2,即取五味子100g,加入25％醋,拌匀闷润1h,115℃高压蒸制1h干燥即得。结论优选出的最佳醋蒸工艺可用于大规模生产。     

黄精不同炮制品的毒性有及浸出物对比研究

黄精经炮制后,其水、醇浸出物含量均较生品有所增加,以蒸制10小时者增加最明显,清蒸品和酒蒸品的水醇浸出物含量之间无明显差异。将生黄精及清蒸品、酒蒸品的水提醇沉液按450g/Kg/24h(相当于原生药)的剂量给小鼠灌服,结果,生品组小鼠全部死亡,而炮制组小鼠均无死亡,且活动正常,显示生品具有一定的毒性。     

天麻炮制及其标准饮片的均匀化工艺研究

[目的]优选天麻的炮制工艺及其标准饮片的均匀化工艺。[方法]分析影响炮制和均匀化工艺的因素,在此基础上设计正交试验,分别以天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总含量及总多糖含量、天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总含量及出粉率为指标,综合优选出最佳炮制工艺和均匀化工艺。[结果]最佳润切工艺为:浸泡54 h,闷润22 h,切片后于60℃烘干;最佳蒸切工艺为:浸泡3 h,蒸制3 h,切片后于40℃烘干;最佳均匀化工艺:单次粉碎时间为15 s,粉碎3次,投料量占粉碎机总体积的3/4。[结论]通过验证实验证明优选出的最佳工艺稳定、合理、可行,可为天麻饮片的规范化研究提供参考。     

黄精不同炮制品半仿生提取液与水提取液成分的比较

目的优选黄精不同炮制品的药效物质较佳提取方法。方法先用均匀设计,以5-羟甲基糠醛、黄精多糖、干浸膏为指标综合评判,优选黄精的半仿生提取(SBE)法工艺参数,再对黄精和酒黄精分别作SBE液与WE(水提)液的指标成分比较。结果黄精的SBE法工艺参数为:三次煎煮用水的pH依次为2.10、6.50、9.00,煎煮时间依次为2、1、0.5h;4种提取液的综合评判值为:酒黄精SBE液>酒黄精WE液>黄精SBE液>黄精WE液。结论黄精药用以酒蒸制品用SBE法提取为佳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.