人卵巢癌裸鼠移植腹水瘤模型的建立

建立人卵巢癌裸鼠移植腹水瘤模型,为研究人卵巢癌发病机制,生物学特性以及转移方式提供工具。方法将１例人卵巢癌的腹水直接接种于裸鼠腹腔,观察裸鼠腹水形以及肿瘤生长和转移情况,做腹水细胞学计数、涂片以及染色体和肿瘤标志物的检查,肿瘤和器官作病理学检查。结果成功建成１个人卵巢癌裸鼠移植腹水瘤模型,并已传至第１８代,传代移植成功率１００．０％,组织学和超微结构结构形态证实,保持了原人卵巢癌特征,具有人类肿瘤     

Cdx2过表达对裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长和转移的影响

目的观察Cdx2基因过表达对裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤生长和转移的影响。方法利用脂质体将pCMV-Cdx2-HA质粒或pCMV-HA质粒分别转染人胃癌MGC-803细胞,命名为MGC-803/Cdx2细胞或MGC-803/EV细胞。将两种细胞分别注射入裸鼠近腋右背侧皮下,待皮下成瘤后将瘤组织接种于胃,建立裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤模型：接种MGC-803/Cdx2皮下瘤的裸鼠为实验组,接种MGC-803/EV皮下瘤的裸鼠为对照组;30 d后处死裸鼠,观察移植瘤生长、转移情况,并应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR）和Western blot技术检测移植瘤中Cdx2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果实验组肿瘤体积为(13.42±2.34）mm3,明显低于对照组的肿瘤体积(17.59±2.80）mm3(P<0.05）;实验组成瘤率(73.3%）低于对照组成瘤率(86.7%）;两组肿瘤转移情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05）;实验组肿瘤组织Cdx2 mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05）。结论 Cdx2过表达抑制裸鼠人胃癌移植瘤的生长,但对肿瘤转移无明显影响。     

Establishment and Characterization of a New Spontaneous Metastasis Model of Human Gastric Carcinoma in Nude Mice

A poorly differentiated medullary carcinoma of human stomach, designated HY–1, was successfully transplanted to nude mice by either the subcutaneous or intramuscular route for five generations. The transplanted tumor showed spontaneous lung metastases in nearly 100% of KSN and Balb/c female nude mice. There were over 20 visible lung metastatic nodules in KSN and Balb/c nude mice bearing tumors for over SO days. Immunostaining of type IV collagen and electron microscopy revealed that tumor cells were often in direct contact with basement membrane (BM) of tumor blood vessels in the primary tumor tissue. At the site of contact between tumor cells and vascular BM, focal disappearance of the BM, disruption of endothelial cells and entry of tumor cell clusters into vascular lumen were observed. Immunostaining of 72 kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase demonstrated that tumor cells expressed this enzyme in their cytoplasm. These results suggest that spontaneous metastasis of this tumor may be partly due to a marked tendency to vascular invasion involving the following sequential events: tumor cell contact with vascular BM, BM degradation possibly by 72 kDa gelatinases and endothelial disruption. This model could be a useful tool for understanding the mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of human gastric cancer.     

Invasion and Metastasis of SY86B Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells in Nude Mice

A moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of human stomach, named SY86B, was successfully transplanted subcutaneously to nude mice of different genetic backgrounds (BALB/CA/PBI- nu , C57BL/6J.615/PBI- nu and ICR-BALB/CA/PBI- nu ). The tumor has been passaged for 13 generations and the transplantability was 100%. The SY86B cells retained the capacity of invasive and metastatic growth in the nude mice and showed a high rate of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and to such distant organs as the lungs, liver and pancreas. The overall rate of metastasis was 77.7%. The species of the nude mice, their age and sex apparently did not significantly affect the occurrence of metastasis. Tumor-bearing time and the aggressive character of the tumor cells themselves appeared important for the genesis of metastasis. This experimental model can provide a new approach to basic and clinical studies of cancer metastasis.     

VEGF-C反义寡核苷酸抑制人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤淋巴管生成的实验研究

目的:探讨VEGF-C反义寡核苷酸(VEGF-C-ASODN)对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤淋巴管生成的影响。方法:构建人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,反义组在接种部位皮下注射VEGF-C-ASODN,正义组和对照组分别注射VEGF-C正义寡核苷酸和生理盐水,观察移植瘤生长变化。半定量RT-PCR检测移植瘤VEGF-CmRNA表达,酶组织化学方法(5'-Nase-ALPase)染色行淋巴管计数。结果:反义组移植瘤生长缓慢,体积和重量分别为(387.57±166.29)mm³、(1.4±0.7)g,较正义组和对照组显著下降(P<0.01)。反义组VEGF-CmRNA表达的相对系数为(0.35±0.12),淋巴管计数为(14.37±4.21),较正义组和对照组均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:VEGF-C-ASODN可抑制人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长及淋巴管的生成。     

FTY720抑制裸鼠人肝癌细胞系MHCC-97H移植瘤生长的实验研究

目的 探讨不同浓度FTY720对裸鼠人肝癌MHCC-97H移植瘤的抑制作用。方法建立裸鼠肝脏的人肝癌细胞系MHCC-97H移植瘤模型,然后腹腔注射不同浓度的FTY720,治疗1个月后观察肿瘤的抑制效应,采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤细胞的增殖细胞水平。结果FTY720治疗组（5mg／kg和10mg／kg）能明显抑制肿瘤的生长,尤以10mg／kg更显著．FTY720治疗组的P13K—Akt信号通路被抑制,Caspase-3表达水平上调,提示FTY720明显促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论免疫抑制剂FTY720是1种有效抑制肝脏移植瘤的抗肿瘤分子,其可能与抑制P13K—Akt信号通路、上调Caspase-3表达水平,进而诱导细胞凋亡密切相关。     

抑制膜联蛋白A2表达对人胃癌细胞株裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及机制

摘 要：［目的］ 通过体内研究探讨膜联蛋白A2（ANXA2）对胃癌生长的影响及相关作用机制。［方法］ 常规培养人胃癌细胞株BGC-823;将细胞接种到裸鼠皮下制备移植瘤模型。制模成功后随机分组,分别以脂质体/ANXA2-siRNA复合物（实验组）、脂质体/Non-siRNA复合物（对照组）或生理盐水（空白组）分别在各组肿瘤局部注射,每4d干预1次。干预4次后处死,绘制肿瘤生长曲线并比较瘤重。应用荧光定量RT-PCR及免疫组化技术检测各组ANXA2、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、p27mRNA和蛋白表达。［结果］ 裸鼠皮下移植瘤造模成功率100.00%（15/15）。实验组肿瘤生长比其他两组缓慢,最终体积实验组为（1680.26±110.51）mm3,对照组为（2194.18±188.48）mm3,空白组（2172.37±212.36）mm3（F=9.341,P=0.004）;肿瘤重量实验组（20.63±0.46）g,对照组为（22.92±0.86）g,空白组为（23.44±0.90）g（F=11.688,P=0.002）。PCR及免疫组化结果显示实验组ANXA2、PCNAmRNA和蛋白表达明显低于其他两组（P<0.05）,而p27mRNA和蛋白表达明显高于其他两组（P<0.01）。［结论］ 抑制ANXA2基因表达后胃癌移植瘤的生长明显受到抑制,这可能与ANXA2基因调控PCNA、p27表达有关。     

紫龙金对鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤放射增敏作用的研究

[目的]探讨紫龙金对鼻咽癌细胞系裸小鼠移植瘤放射增敏作用及机制.[方法]建立CNE-Ⅰ裸小鼠移植瘤模型,观察空白对照组、紫龙金组、单纯照射组和紫龙金加照射组肿瘤体积变化,并计算抑瘤率和放射增敏比(SER);免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中p16和cyclinD1蛋白的表达;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测p16和cyclinD1 mRNA的表达.[结果]紫龙金加照射组抑瘤率明显高于其他组,SER(E/O)为2.45,提示紫龙金有放疗增敏效果.免疫组化分析法和RT-PCR显示,紫龙金组和紫龙金加照射组与空白对照组及单纯照射组相比,p16蛋白和p16 mRNA表达显著上调(P＜0.05);cyclinD1蛋白和cyclindl mRNA表达显著下调(P＜0.05).[结论]紫龙金对鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-Ⅰ裸小鼠移植瘤有放射增敏作用,其增敏作用机制可能与p16表达上调、cylinD1表达下调有关.     

Contrasting Actions of Estradiol on the Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice

The effects of estradiol on the growth of six human gastric xenografts in nude mice were studied and diverse effects were found, including one case of stimulation, two of inhibition and three of unchanged condition. Neither the histological features of the original tumor nor the estrogen-binding capacity seemed to be related to the response to estradiol. It is concluded that the growth of human gastric cancer can be modulated by estradiol.     

IL-27基因修饰树突状细胞活化的特异性CTL对人食管癌裸鼠移植瘤生长增殖的影响

研究IL-27基因转染树突状细胞（DC）体内诱导免疫杀伤食管癌细胞的效能及其机制。方法：基因转染的方法建立表达IL-27基因的树突状细胞（DC/IL-27）;构建人食管癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,皮下注射食管癌细胞抗原致敏、IL-27基因修饰DC（DC/IL-27-Ag）活化的特异性CTL后观察荷瘤裸鼠抑瘤率;TUNEL法检测荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤细胞的原位凋亡;流式细胞术检测移植瘤细胞的细胞周期、凋亡率。结果：RT-PCR显示DC/IL-27细胞中有IL-27 p28和EBI3亚基基因表达提示转染成功;免疫接种DC/IL-27-Ag活化的CTL组的抑瘤率为58.28%,明显高于其他组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。TUNEL法检测显示,DC/IL-27-Ag活化的CTL组凋亡率明显高于其他组（P<0.01）,流式细胞术（FCM）显示肿瘤组织内细胞增殖指数为（23.92±1.60）%,显著低于其他组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;细胞凋亡率为（32.78±0.83）%,显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：DC/IL-27-Ag可活化特异性CTL,在裸鼠体内产生了抑制肿瘤生长的作用,显著抑制食管癌细胞增殖、促进其凋亡,为DC应用于食管癌的免疫治疗提供了理论和动物实验依据。     

NK细胞对人鼻咽癌细胞CNE2裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用

 目的 研究同种异体NK细胞对人鼻咽癌细胞（CNE2）裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用。方法PCR-SSP法检测CNE2细胞HLA-A、B、Cw表型、NK细胞KIR表型（选择3例健康者为试验对象）,磁珠分离法分离NK细胞并进行体外培养扩增,LDH释放法测定NK细胞对CNE2细胞的体外杀伤活性。12只BALB/c裸鼠分为两组,每组6只,对照组裸鼠每只皮下接种1×106CNE2细胞,治疗组裸鼠每只皮下接种1×106CNE2细胞,同时每只经尾静脉注入3×107NK细胞,观察两组裸鼠成瘤时间、成瘤率、肿瘤体积变化、计算抑瘤率。结果 CNE2细胞表面HLA-A、B、Cw表型为A2,24;B18,35;Cw4,7,3例健康者均表达KIR2DL1、KIR2DL3、KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2。效靶比5∶1、10∶1、20∶1、30∶1时,NK细胞对CNE2细胞的杀伤活性分别为（9.37±2.14）%、（27.14±1.82）%、（36.40±4.28）%and（54.67±2.80）%。对照组和NK细胞治疗组肿瘤出现时间分别为（10.00±2.68）d、（18.80±1.64）d,（P〈0.01）,成瘤率分别为100%（6/6）、83.33%（5/6）,对照组和NK细胞治疗组裸鼠的瘤重分别为（2.22±0.09）g、（1.42±0.09）g,（P〈0.01）,NK治疗组的抑瘤率为36.04%。肿瘤组织石蜡切片病理学鉴定为低分化鳞状上皮细胞癌,NK细胞治疗组可见角化肿瘤细胞,较多的淋巴细胞浸润和大量细胞坏死区。结论 NK细胞对鼻咽癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤有明显的抑制作用,有希望成为治疗鼻咽癌的新方法。     

Marimastat对裸鼠原位种植人胃癌生长和转移抑制的实验研究

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂Marimastat对胃癌生长和转移的抑制作用。方法 采用人胃腺癌细胞株SGC—7901完整组织块棵鼠原位种植，建立胃癌转移模型。移植7天后开始腹腔内注射Marimastat，隔天1次，剂量为0mg/kg(对照组)、10mg/kg、30mg/kg、60mg/kg(治疗组)，共用8周，第9周处死动物，测量原位肿瘤大小、抑瘤率、肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)、MMP—9的高表达率、观察肿瘤转移情况。结果 治疗组原位肿瘤瘤重明显较对照组轻，肿瘤肝脏转移、腹膜转移、肿瘤组织微血管密度和肿瘤组织MMP—9高表达率与对照组比较，均有显著性差异(P＜0．05)，且与Marimastat剂量呈正相关。结论 Marimastat对体内胃癌的生长及转移均有抑制作用。     

Bcl-XL反义寡核苷酸对裸鼠人食管癌移植瘤抑制作用的研究

目的:探讨Bcl-XL反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)对裸鼠体内人食管癌移植瘤的抑制作用。方法:建立裸鼠体内人食管癌移植瘤动物模型,当移植瘤平均体积约为50mm3时,在裸鼠体内进行连续15d的Bcl-XLASODN治疗,观察人食管癌移植瘤的生长情况和组织形态学改变,应用RT-PCR和WesternBlot检测肿瘤组织中Bcl-XLmRNA和蛋白表达水平的改变以及凋亡的原位末端标记检测肿瘤的凋亡情况。结果:裸鼠体内人食管癌移植瘤的生长受到明显抑制,治疗后,对照组、无关序列寡核苷酸(N-ODN)组和ASODN组的移植瘤体积分别为(1062.8±599.7)mm3、(853.0±327.9)mm3和(267.7±152.3)mm3,ASODN组与对照组及N-ODN组比较,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。同时,ASODN组的Bcl-XLmRNA及蛋白表达受到抑制,并且移植瘤组织中凋亡细胞显著增加(P＜0.05)。结论:Bcl-XLASODN可有效抑制裸鼠体内人食管癌移植瘤的生长,为食管癌的基因治疗提供重要的理论依据。     

反义VEGF硫代寡脱氧核苷酸抑制裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤生长的研究

目的 :检测硫代修饰的反义脱氧寡核苷酸 (ASPODN)抑制人肝癌血管形成和生长的作用 ,以探讨ASPODN的临床应用前景。方法 :传代培养的肝癌细胞系HepG2 ,接种于裸鼠颈背部皮下 ,自 4 8h始局部注射ASPODN和等量的PBS ,彩色多普勒能量图 (CDE)检测移植瘤内新生血管的数目和分布 ;LSAB法免疫组化染色检测移植瘤中微血管密度 (MVD) ;FCM分析裸鼠移植瘤细胞周期动力学和凋亡率。结果 :局部注射ASPODN组和PBS对照组 ,裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤瘤重及MVD平均值分别为 ( 1.2 8±0 .2 6)g、2 6.90± 7.4 2和 ( 3.4 6± 0 .86)g、50 .36± 10 .2 7(P <0 .0 1) ;局部注射ASPODN组 ,用CDE动态检测到移植瘤内的血管数目及血流丰富程度明显低于PBS组P <0 .0 1;经ASPODN治疗后的裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤细胞凋亡率 ( 7.4 8± 1.64) %高于PBS对照组 ( 2 .75± 0 .2 2 ) % (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :VEGFAS PODN明量抑制肝癌血管形成和生长 ,有望成为理想的抗肝癌血管生成基因治疗的新药     

抗胃癌单抗在肾包膜下荷人胃癌移植瘤裸小鼠体内生物学分布

 本人报道胃癌单抗MGb₂和MG7用¹²⁵I标记后, 观察它们在左右肾包膜下分别接种SGC-7901与GAⅡ移植瘤的裸小鼠体内的生物学分布。 结果表明, 腹腔注射¹²⁵I-MGb₂(40uci/7.4ugMGb₂/小鼠)后96小时．SGC－7901和GAⅡ移植瘤与血的T/NT值分虽为1.03和1.57。 而腹腔注射¹²⁵I－MG₇(40uci/7.4ugMG7/小鼠后96小时, 两移植瘤组织与血的T／NT值分别为0.31和1.53。     

Changes in Serum and Tissue Carcinoembryonic Antigen with Growth of a Human Gastric Cancer Xenograft in Nude Mice

We established a human gastric cancer xenograft which, when inoculated into nude mice, showed a positive correlation between tumor growth and the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum CEA levels in the mice rose continuously with increasing tumor weight after inoculation, showing a correlation coefficient of 0.96. A positive correlation was also observed between the tissue CEA level and tumor weight, the former increasing along with the latter. Furthermore, the level of serum CEA closely paralleled that of tissue CEA. The serum CEA level fell after tumor extirpation, with a half-life of approximately 86 h. These results suggest that the elevation of serum CEA is attributable to the gain in tumor weight as well as the increase of CEA production in the tumor tissue. Thus, human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice are a good model for examining the biological role of CEA.     

榄香烯对裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤血管生成的抑制作用

 目的 观察榄香烯对裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤生长和血管生成的抑制作用。 方法 采用裸小鼠胃癌原位移植模型,随机分为0.9%氯化钠溶液(NS)组、5-Fu组、榄香烯组和联合组 ,腹腔注射给药。比较各组移植瘤瘤重的差异;免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤微血管密度 (Microvessel Density,MVD) 和VEGF、p53蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测VEGF mRNA表达。 结果 联合组裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的瘤重显著低于NS组(P＜0.05);榄香烯组、联合组瘤组织MVD、VEGF蛋 白、p53蛋白及VEGF mRNA表达亦明显低于NS组(P＜0.05);各组移植瘤的瘤重与瘤组织MVD呈正 相关(r=0.669,P＜0.01)。 结论 榄香烯能抑制裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤生长和血管生成,其机制可能与抑制裸鼠胃癌组织VEGF和突 变型p53的表达有关。     

多西紫杉醇在荷人鼻咽癌裸小鼠的时间化疗研究

目的观察多西紫杉醇时间给药对荷人鼻咽癌裸小鼠的疗效、不良反应,为多西紫杉醇在鼻咽癌时间化疗的临床应用提供理论依据。方法Balb/c裸小鼠,置于24 h程控光照调节的动物饲养柜中（12 h光照,12 h黑暗）同步化3周。接种人鼻咽癌细胞株（CNE2）于裸小鼠右侧腋部皮下,建立裸小鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤模型。70只荷瘤小鼠随机分为7组（6个给药组和1个对照组）,给药组荷瘤小鼠分别在3、7、11、15、19、23 HALO（hours after light onset,光照后时间）6个时间点给予腹腔注射多西紫杉醇（10 mg/kg）,共3次。停药后第4天处死,计算各给药组抑瘤率,检测外周血白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(HB)和血小板(PLT)并观察体重变化。结果与对照组相比,多西紫杉醇对裸小鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤有明显的抑制作用（P=0.000）,抑瘤率在49%～83%。其中7HALO组抑瘤率最大,体重下降最少;23HALO组抑瘤率最小,体重下降最多（P<0.05）。各时间给药组裸小鼠外周血WBC、HB值与对照组相比均有下降,其中19、23HALO组WBC和HB值明显低于7、11HALO组（P<0.05）。结论多西紫杉醇对裸小鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤有明显的抑制作用。其中疗效及不良反应随不同时间给药而变化,7HALO最优,23HALO最差。     

CIK细胞对裸鼠肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的：观察外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)体外经IFNγ， rIL2和antiCD3McAb诱导后细胞表型的变化及CIK细胞对裸鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用。方法：采用成份血采血机采集6例健康自愿者PBMC，经多因子诱导后，计数活细胞数，流式细胞仪检测细胞表型；裸鼠肩胛下接种肝癌细胞，次日起连续6 d给予不同数量的CIK细胞，观察对肝癌生长的抑制作用。结果：诱导培养后13 d，效应细胞增殖7.1倍，CD3+CD56+双阳性细胞增殖约6倍。动物实验结果表明，CIK细胞可明显抑制肝癌移植瘤的生长，且肿瘤抑制率与CIK细胞的数量呈剂量效应关系。结论：PBMC细胞体外经多因子诱导成CIK细胞，其数量及抗肿瘤活性显著增加，对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

Cyclophosphamide Enhances Human Tumor Growth in Nude Rat Xenografted Tumor Models

Abstract The effect of the immunomodulatory chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) on tumor growth was investigated in primary and metastatic intracerebral and subcutaneous rat xenograft models. Nude rats were treated with CTX (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 24 hours before human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3), small cell lung carcinoma (LX-1 SCLC), and glioma (UW28, U87MG, and U251) tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or in the right cerebral hemisphere or were infused into the right internal carotid artery. Tumor development was monitored and recorded. Potential mechanisms were further investigated. Only animals that received both CTX and Matrigel showed consistent growth of subcutaneous tumors. Cyclophosphamide pretreatment increased the percentage (83.3% vs 0%) of animals showing intraperitoneal tumors. In intracerebral implantation tumor models, CTX pretreatment increased the tumor volume and the percentage of animals showing tumors. Cyclophosphamide increased lung carcinoma bone and facial metastases after intra-arterial injection, and 20% of animals showed brain metastases. Cyclophosphamide transiently decreased nude rat white blood cell counts and glutathione concentration, whereas serum vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly elevated. Cyclophosphamide also increased CD31 reactivity, a marker of vascular endothelium, and macrophage (CD68-positive) infiltration into glioma cell-inoculated rat brains. Cyclophosphamide may enhance primary and metastatic tumor growth through multiple mechanisms, including immune modulation, decreased response to oxidative stress, increased tumor vascularization, and increased macrophage infiltration. These findings may be clinically relevant because chemotherapy may predispose human cancer subjects to tumor growth in the brain or other tissues.