War exposure,posttraumatic stress disorder,and complex posttraumatic stress disorder among parents living in Ukraine during the Russian war

Background

High rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been documented in war-affected populations. The prevalence of Complex PTSD (CPTSD) has never been assessed in an active war zone. Here, we provide initial data on war-related experiences, and prevalence rates of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in a large sample of adults in Ukraine during the Russian war. We also examined how war-related stressors, PTSD, and CPTSD were associated with age, sex, and living location in Ukraine.

Method

Self-report data were gathered from a nationwide sample of 2004 adult parents of children under 18 from the general population of Ukraine approximately 6 months after Russia's invasion.

Results

All participants were exposed to at least one war-related stressor, and the mean number of exposures was 9.07 (range = 1–26). Additionally, 25.9% (95% CI = 23.9%, 27.8%) met diagnostic requirements for PTSD and 14.6% (95% CI = 12.9%, 16.0%) met requirements for CPTSD. There was evidence of a strong dose–response relationship between war-related stressors and meeting criteria for PTSD and CPTSD. Participants who had the highest exposure to war-related stressors were significantly more likely to meet the requirements for PTSD (OR = 4.20; 95% CI = 2.96–5.95) and CPTSD (OR = 8.12; 95% CI = 5.11–12.91) compared to the least exposed.

Conclusions

Humanitarian responses to the mental health needs of the Ukrainian population will need to take account of posttraumatic stress reactions. Education in diagnosing and treating PTSD/CPTSD, especially in the situation of a significant lack of human resources and continuing displacement of the population, is necessary.     

The earliest evidence of true lambdoid craniosynostosis: the case of “Benjamina”, a Homo heidelbergensis child

Background  

The authors report the morphological and neuroimaging findings of an immature human fossil (Cranium 14) diagnosed with left lambdoid synostosis.     

Ethnicity,sleep, mood,and illumination in postmenopausal women

Background  

This study examined how ethnic differences in sleep and depression were related to environmental illumination and circadian rhythms.     

Associations Between Religious Involvement and Behavioral Risk Factors for HIV/AIDS in American Women and Men in a National Health Survey

Background  

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a leading cause of death.     

Psychiatric diagnoses,trauma, and suicidiality

Background  

This study aimed to examine the associations between psychiatric diagnoses, trauma and suicidiality in psychiatric patients at intake.     

Impact of Framing on Intentions to Vaccinate Daughters against HPV: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Background  

Effective promotion of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine across ethnic/racial groups may help curtail disparities in cervical cancer rates.     

Autonomic function, voice, and mood states

Purpose  

The present study examined the relationships among cardiovascular autonomic, acoustic, and mood states in resting young subjects.     

Long-term effects of environmentally relevant doses of 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) on neurobehavioural development,health and spontaneous behaviour in maternally exposed mice

Background  

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread in the environment, human food and breast milk. Seafood is known to contain nutrients beneficial for the normal development and function of the brain, but also contaminants such as PCBs which are neurotoxic. Exposure to non-coplanar PCBs during brain development can disrupt spontaneous behaviour in mice and lead to hyperactive behaviour. Humans are chronically exposed to the highest relative levels of organochlorines in early childhood during brain development, though usually at doses which do not give clinical symptoms of toxicity. This study aimed to elucidate the developmental and behavioural effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) in mice, mimicking human exposure during gestation and lactation.     

Mast cells in the human dura: effects of age and dural bleeding

Background  

Animal studies have shown that the dura mater contains mast cells. We investigated the density of mast cells in the human dura mater, and the changes associated with subdural haemorrhage (SDH).     

Gender, depression and physical impairment: an epidemiologic perspective from Aleppo, Syria

Objective  

Examine the association of physical impairment with gender, depression, and socio-demographics in the community in Aleppo, Syria.     

Anger Suppression Predicts Pain,Emotional, and Cardiovascular Responses to the Cold Pressor

Background  

Manipulated anger suppression has been shown to heighten pain and anger responses to pain.     

A Closer Look at Depression and Its Relationship to HIV Antiretroviral Adherence

Background  

Depression consistently predicts nonadherence to human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy, but which aspects of depression are most influential are unknown. Such knowledge could inform assessments of adherence readiness and the type of depression treatment to utilize.     

International observatory on mental health systems: structure and operation

Introduction  

Sustained cooperative action is required to improve the mental health of populations, particularly in low and middle-income countries where meagre mental health investment and insufficient human and other resources result in poorly performing mental health systems.     

‘I’ve Had Unsafe Sex So Many Times Why Bother Being Safe Now?’: The Role of Cognitions in Sexual Risk Among American Indian/Alaska Native Men Who Have Sex with Men

Background  

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission.     

Fatigue,Depression, Sleep,and Activity During Chemotherapy: Daily and Intraday Variation and Relationships Among Symptom Changes

Background  

Previous research suggests that cancer patients frequently experience multiple symptoms during chemotherapy; however, relationships among symptom changes are largely unknown.     

Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs: a replication study

Background  

When developing behaviour measurement tools that use third party assessments, such as parent report, it is important to demonstrate reliability of resulting scales through replication using novel cohorts. The domestic dog has been suggested as a model to investigate normal variation in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviours impaired in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The human ADHD Rating Scale, modified for dogs and using owner-directed surveys, was applied in a European sample. We asked whether findings would be replicated utilizing an Internet survey in a novel sample, where unassisted survey completion, participant attitudes and breeds might affect previous findings.     

On the neural networks of empathy: A principal component analysis of an fMRI study

Background  

Human emotional expressions serve an important communicatory role allowing the rapid transmission of valence information among individuals. We aimed at exploring the neural networks mediating the recognition of and empathy with human facial expressions of emotion.     

Perceived family stress, parenting efficacy, and child externalizing behaviors in second-generation immigrant mothers

Objectives  

Examining family stress and parenting efficacy in relation to child externalizing problems in immigrant families.     

Human rights of persons with mental illness in Indonesia: more than legislation is needed

Background  

Although attention to human rights in Indonesia has been improving over the past decade, the human rights situation of persons with mental disorders is still far from satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal framework for protection of human rights of persons with mental disorder and the extent to which Indonesia's international obligations concerning the right to health are being met.     

Domains of Chronic Stress,Lifestyle Factors,and Allostatic Load in Middle-Aged Mexican-American Women

Background  

Little research has examined how chronic stress in different domains relates to allostatic load (AL).