血管利钠肽减弱去甲肾上腺素对心肌生长的刺激作用

本实验目的在于研究血管利钠肽（ Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ）对去甲肾上腺素（ Ｎ Ｅ）促心肌生长作用的影响,并对其机制进行探讨。分离、培养乳鼠心肌细胞,完全随机分为三组:对照组、 Ｎ Ｅ组和 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ＋ Ｎ Ｅ组。以 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ法和总蛋白含量测定法观察各组细胞的生长情况。进而采用放射免疫方法研究了 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ对细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平的影响。结果发现: Ｎ Ｅ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ～１０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）可以使培养的乳鼠心肌细胞 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ Ｏ Ｄ值显著升高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ｖｓ 对照组）,并且具有剂量依赖性。 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）可以显著降低 Ｎ Ｅ（１０－ ６ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ） 刺激的心肌细胞 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ Ｏ Ｄ值和细胞内总蛋白含量（ Ｐ＜０．０５ ｖｓ Ｎ Ｅ组）。对照组和 Ｎ Ｅ组细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平无显著差异,而 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）能升高细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ水平,降低ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ｖｓ对照组、 Ｎ Ｅ组）。提示 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ能减弱 Ｎ Ｅ对心肌生长的刺激作用,其机制可能与ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ等信号转导分子有关。     

地塞米松对细胞因子刺激的人眼球后成纤维细胞的影响

目的 探讨地塞米松治疗Ｇｒａｖｅｓ眼病（ＧＯ）的作用机制。方法 应用细胞培养技术，测定加入细胞因子及地塞米松后细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）表达和ＤＮＡ合成情况。结果 肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＭＦ）－α（１０＾Ｕ／ｍｌ）、干扰素（ＩＮＦ）－γ（１００Ｕ／ｍｌ）和白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－１β（１００Ｕ／ｍｌ）均能强烈刺激眼球后成纤维细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ－１表达，而地塞米松能明显地抑制这种刺激作用，但所需浓度及     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养乳鼠心肌细胞Bcl—2和—c—myc基因转录的调控作用

目的：研究血管紧张素对心肌细胞 Ｂｃｌ┐２ 和 ｃ┐ｍｙｃ 基因转录的调控作用及其受体机制。　方法：分离纯化培养的乳鼠心肌细胞,分别加入血管紧张素或／和氯沙坦（血管紧张素的 Ｉ型受体特异性拮抗剂）处理,然后提取总 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ,用 Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交检测 Ｂｃｌ┐２ 和 ｃ┐ｍｙｃ 基因的转录水平。结果分析时,以正常乳鼠心肌细胞中 Ｂｃｌ┐２ ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ ／ １８ Ｓ或 ｃ┐ｍｙｃｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ ／ １８ Ｓ的比值定为 １００ ％ 。结果：血管紧张素 １０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 处理 ２４ 小时使 Ｂｃｌ┐２ 基因转录水平下调至正常的２６ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０．０１, ｎ＝ ３ ）。血管紧张素的处理时间短至 １２ 小时或血管紧张素浓度为 １０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 或 １０－ ６ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 时均无此作用,表明血管紧张素使心肌细胞 Ｂｃｌ┐２ 基因转录下调具有时间和剂量依赖性。氯沙坦 １０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １能完全取消 １０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 血管紧张素对心肌细胞 Ｂｃｌ┐２ 基因转录下调的作用（１０３±４ ％ , Ｐ＜ ０．０１, ｎ＝ ３ ）,单独用 １０－ ６ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 或 １０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ· Ｌ－ １ 的氯沙坦对心肌细胞     

病毒性肝炎和肝硬化患者IL－6、TNF－α的变化

为研究白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）在肝炎和肝硬化（ＬＣ）患者中的作用。检测了１５例正常人，１８例急性病毒性肝炎（ＡＨ），３７例慢性肝炎（ＣＨ），２０例ＬＣ患者血清及外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ－α水平。结果以ＣＨ患者ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ－α水平最高（血清及ＰＢＭＣ的ＩＬ－６水平分别为７２．１±３２．９４Ｕ／ｍｌ，１４０．７±３３．５Ｕ／ｍｌ；血清及ＰＢＭＣ的ＴＮＦ－α水平为３．９７±１．３８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，６．３５±１．４１ｎｇ／ｍｌ）。恢复期或稳定期ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６水平明显低于急性期或活动期（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＨ患者肝组织学活动指数（ＨＡＩ）分数与ＰＢＭＣＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦ－α水平呈正相关（γ分别为０．８９，０．６８；Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦ－α是肝脏损害重要的炎症介质，介导肝细胞损害。     

小剂量甲氨蝶呤对RA患者血浆TNFαIL-6水平影响的研究

目的 探讨小剂量甲氨蝶呤（ＭＴＸ）对ＲＡ患者血浆ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－６水平的影响。方法 用放射免疫分析（ＲＩＡ）法研究了３０例ＲＡ患者ＭＴＸ（１０ｍｇ／Ｗ）治疗前后血浆ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－６水平的变化。结果 ＭＴＸ治疗６周后血浆ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－６水平明显降低，以后进一步降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 ＭＴＸ能有效地降低ＲＡ患者血浆ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－６水平，诱导病情缓解。     

糖化血清蛋白对刺激肾小球系膜细胞表达转移生长因子-β_1的作用

目的　探讨Ａｍ ａｄｏｒｉ糖化血清蛋白对肾小球系膜细胞表达转移生长因子－β１（ＴＧＦ－β１）的影响。方法　用体外制备的Ａｍ ａｄｏｒｉ糖化的胎牛血清蛋白（Ａｍ ａｄｏｒｉ－ｍ ｏｄｉｆｉｅｄ ｇｌｙｃａｔｅｄ ｓｅｒｕｍ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）分别在生理浓度葡萄糖（５．５ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）和高浓度葡萄糖（２５ｍｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）培养液中作用于大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,观察ＴＧＦ－β１ ｍ ＲＮＡ表达有改变。结果　糖化血清蛋白在正常糖浓度下作用于系膜细胞４天后,ＴＧＦ－β１ 基因表达显著增高,为对照组的１．９９倍。结论　糖化血清蛋白对肾小球系膜细胞中的ＴＧＦ－β１基因表达有明显的刺激作用,可能是其参与糖尿病肾病发病的机制之一     

细胞间黏附分子—1／淋巴细胞功能相关抗原—1在乙型肝炎？…

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子－１／淋细胞功能相关抗原－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１／ＬＦＡ－１）在乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用。方法 用免疫组化检测１１例正常人和７０例ＨＢＶ感染者肝内ＩＣＡＭ－１、ＬＦＡ－１和ＣＤ８表达状况，并用免疫组化双重染色技术研究ＨＢＶ感染者肝内ＩＣＡＭ－１与ＬＦＡ－１双重表达状况。结果 在炎症坏死区，ＬＦＡ－１阳性淋巴浸润在ＩＣＡＭ－１阳性肝细胞周围，部分与ＩＣＡＭ－１阳性肝细胞紧密接触，Ｌ     

细胞间粘附分子—1在肝病中的表达

细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）在炎症细胞因子刺激下，在病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）和自身免疫性肝病中表达水平明显增高，其表达程度与炎症程度呈正相关，与肝组织病变及病变组织学分级均有关；ＩＣＡＭ－１表达水平的高低可能影响干扰素对慢性病毒性肝炎的治疗；ＩＣＡＭ－１表达与肿瘤的大小、进展、转移也有关。并随病情的缓解而下降。促进ＩＣＡＭ－１表达的细胞因子有ＩＦＮ－γ、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－１     

北冬虫夏草多糖对人肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素2及其可溶性受体水平的影响

研究北冬虫夏草多糖对人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）分泌肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α），生成可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）分泌白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）的影响。结果表明：北冬虫夏草多糖在１０～５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１浓度时，刺激单个核细胞分泌ＴＮＦ－α（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在０．１～１０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１浓度时，刺激单个核细胞生成ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），且在一定浓度范围内ＴＮＦ－α及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平随北冬虫夏草多糖浓度增加而升高；北冬虫夏草多糖对刀豆蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）刺激的人外周血淋巴细胞分泌ＩＬ－２水平有明显促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

慢性乙型肝炎和肝癌患者ICAM-1表达及细胞因子对其调节作用的观察

目的 研究细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）在乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒清除及肝癌免疫机制中的意义及细胞因子对ＩＣＡＭ－１的调节作用。方法 利用免疫组化技术对ＨＢＶ相关肝病肝组织ＩＣＡＭ－１表达进行检测,同时检测乙肝组织内ＨＢｃＡｇ表达状况。利用细胞酶联免疫技术观察ＩＦＮ－ｒ、ＩＦＮ－α、ＴＮＦ对人肝癌细胞Ｈ７４０２ＩＣＡＭ－２表达的调节作用。结果 在慢性乙肝中,ＩＣＡＭ－１表达愈强,肝内ＨＢｃＡｇ表达     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.