一组普通话音位平衡单音节字表的文字编撰

目的编写一组适用于言语识别率测试的音位平衡的单音节测听词表。方法为兼顾测试的可靠性与临床实践中的效率,本课题将简短原则、音位平衡原则、常用字原则、覆盖原则、表间等价性等作为词表编写的主要原则。共设计了30张词表、每张词表包含25个单音节测试项。参照《声学手册》中的汉语音位一维概率分布,计算得到汉语拼音的22个声母(含零声母)、36个韵母、4个声调在30张词表、750个单音节测试项中的分布频次。基于音位平衡原则,通过计算机辅助编程和手动调整,从现代汉语常用字表的一级最常用汉字2500字和常用词表4000词中的单字词表中进行音节编选。结果形成了30张包含声母、韵母、声调在内的音位分配表。选取了489个音节,编撰了30张遵循音位平衡的单音节字表,每张表25字。结论该表文字稿是今后制作汉语音位平衡的单音节语音测试录音材料的基础。     

普通话言语测听材料的数字化录制与等价性分析

目的：对已经编制并通过初步等价性测试的普通话言语测听材料（MSTM）进行数字化录制，并进行第2次等价性测试和分析，为全面推广和进一步的多中心试验做准备。方法：根据第1次等价性测试的结果调整词表内容，增加练习用表。按照国际标准数字化录制所有材料，最后形成3张CD。每张CD均含有校准纯音、练习表、测试表。测试了60名青年正常听力受试者，单音节词、双音节词和句表的给声强度不尽相同。结果：统计分析后得到了具有等价性的两套单音节词表（每套9表）、9张双音节词表和27张句表。临床应用中如果不需要如此多的词表，可以选用最具有等价性的词表、句表用于同一（组）受试者。结论：具有等价性的普通话言语测听词表已经制备成CD，可以直接提供临床应用。     

普通话言语测听单音节词表的编辑与初步等价性评估

目的根据目前听力学发展、尤其是人工耳蜗植入评估的的需要，编辑、录制普通话言语测听词表（mandarin speech test materials，MSTM）中的单音节词表，并进行初步的等价性分析。方法在建立专家小组的基础上，设定单音节词表的目的。依据普通话语音声、韵、调三维平衡和言语测听要求编辑了10张词表，每表50词。选词符合常用口语词和便于临床使用的原则，词源为普通话学界和国家公认的素材。然后由男声发音，录制合成磁带。对72例正常听力受试者进行单耳耳机测试，在其50％正确率水平评估各词表的等价性。结果通过试验证实有7张单音节词表具有良好的难度等价性，可以作为进一步验证和临床使用的基本材料。结论严格按照国际惯例和普通话规则编辑的普通话言语测听单音节词表，其中具有等价性者可以基本满足听力学临床、科研的需求。     

汉语普通话单音节测听表的建立与评估

目的 建立一套普通话单音节测听表并验证其效度、信度和敏感度,期望成为国内标准化的言语识别率测听材料.方法 遵循简短、音位平衡、常用、覆盖等原则,生成30张音位平衡单音节表,每表对应25个常用汉字.由专业男性播音员朗读,经数字化录音及声学处理,录制成CD.研究分为三个阶段:①招募60名听力正常年轻人,采用随机区组设计:言语测听表号与测听强度均衡排布,每一受试者均变换6种强度(言语听力级-1、5、11、15、21、27 dB)以循环顺序聆听全部30张单音节表.计算每表每一声级下的言语识别率得分,以logistic曲线回归来拟合识别率-强度(P-I)函数.对30张词表的识别率进行双因素(表号、强度)方差分析和Post-Hoc两两比较,得到22张等价表.②北京22名听力正常年轻人,采用拉丁方设计,在言语听力级10 dB强度下依次测试22张等价表的识别率.间隔6～35 d,在完全相同的条件下重新进行第二轮识别率测试.两轮测试的识别率经"合理化"的反正弦变换后,逐表汇总两轮测试分差,该分差值在22名受试者中的标准差为9.3%,转化成95%置信度下的临界分差为18.3%.③采用拉丁方设计方案,对18名感音性听力损失患者在其纯音平均听阈上30 dB或最大舒适级,测试其对18张等价表的识别率.间隔1～16 d在相同条件下再次进行测试.两轮测试的识别率经"合理化"的反正弦变换后,分别为(68.0±15.9)%和(69.2±14.6)%,配对t检验,P=0.107.两轮测试分差,在18名患者中的标准差为8.3%,转化成95%置信度下的临界分差为16.3%.结果 创建了一套22张等价的标准化的言语识别率测听表.每表由音位平衡的25个单音节构成,播放时间约2 min.听力正常人的单音节识别阈为言语听力级(8.30±0.84)dB,P-I函数的斜率为(4.0±0.3)%/dB.临床评判受试者言语识别率差异时,只要分差超过临界分差--正常人(18.3%)、患者(16.3%),即可确认具有统计学意义上的显著性差异.结论 成功建立起一套普通话单音节测听表,具有较高的效度、信度和敏感度,便于临床应用.     

普通话言语测听双音节词表的编辑与初步等价性评估

目的根据言语测听以及普通话语音学的要求,编制汉语（普通话）言语测听材料（mandarin speech test materials,MSTM）中的双音节词（扬扬格）表,作为临床常规测试言语识别阈以及言语评估的基本材料.方法组织各相关学科专家共同制定选词标准,对于具体细节以中文、普通话的规则为准.共编辑了10张词表,每表50词,基本做到声、韵、调三维平衡.录制合成为磁带后进行了正常听力受试者的等价性测试,测试采用单耳耳机给声.并采用3种统计方法分析.结果相关分析结果显示各表间除表5以外相关系数很高,聚类分析将10张表分为2类,但一致性检验Kappa时显示各配对组中Kappa值≥0.40组很少,一致性不高.结论双音节词表作为临床最常用的言语测听材料之一,其编制、录制、等价性评估受到各种影响因素的作用而需要多学科的合作.本次编制的材料尚需要进一步调整录制、测试方法,以期在符合音素平衡的前提下,适合临床、研究使用.     

Development of Mandarin monosyllabic speech test materials in China

In this study, monosyllabic Mandarin speech test materials (MSTMs) were developed for use in word recognition tests for speech audiometry in Chinese audiology clinics. Mandarin monosyllabic materials with high familiarity were designed with regard to phonological balance and recorded digitally with a male voice. Inter-list equivalence of difficulty was evaluated for a group of 60 subjects (aged 18–25 years) with normal hearing. Seven lists with 50 words each were found to be equivalent. These seven equivalent lists were used to measure performance-intensity (PI) functions for a group of 32 subjects with normal hearing and a group of 40 subjects with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The mean slope of PI function was found to be 4.1%/dB and 2.7%/dB, respectively. The seven lists of Mandarin monosyllabic materials were found to have sufficient reliability and validity to be used in clinical situations.     

普通话单音节小词表正常人识别-强度函数

目的：对普通话言语测听材料（MSTMs）中等价性一致的一组单音节小词表进行有效性分析,以期描绘出听力正常人的识别-强度函数曲线,为临床听力检测提供快速有效的方法及量度。方法：选取年龄18～26岁,具有大专及以上学历,且以普通话作为日常交流方式的听力正常人37例。选取MSTMs中经过等价性评估的8张单音节小词表,每张20词,其中第1张前10个单音节词统一作为练习表使用。使用SPSS17．0软件对结果进行分析。结果：单音节小词表的言语识别率与给声强度间的Logistic曲线拟合方程为：x=98．557／{（1＋12．243exp[-0．17（P-15）]},x max=98．557;识别率为50％时的给声强度为29．6dBSPL,线性部分的回归方程为y=3．098X-43．149。结论：该研究初步建立了基于具有难度等价性的7张普通话单音节小词表的正常人识别-强度函数曲线,为临床听力学检测提供了一种快速有效的评估手段,并且为下一步测试和临床应用提供了基础。     

Lexical effects on spoken word recognition performance among Mandarin-speaking children with normal hearing and cochlear implants

Objective

This investigation aimed to examine the effects of word frequency and lexical neighborhood density on spoken word recognition of monosyllables and disyllables in Mandarin by normal hearing children and children with cochlear implants. The lexical characteristics were incorporated from the Neighborhood Activation Model (NAM), which suggests that words in the mental lexicon are organized into similarity neighborhoods. The difficulty of a listener's task is affected by the frequency of the target word and the density of the lexical neighbors from which that word must be identified. The Monosyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test and the Disyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test in Mandarin Chinese (Mandarin LNT and MLNT) were developed to take into account the effects of these linguistic and cognitive demands on speech perception performance.

Methods

Three stages were conducted in this investigation. In the first stage, Mandarin words of monosyllables and disyllables were selected and their lexical properties were calculated from the CHILDES database. Four lexically “easy” and four lexically “hard” word lists in Mandarin LNT as well as two word lists across lexical properties among disyllables were determined based on their relative word frequencies and neighborhood densities. In the second stage, word stimuli were verified by 30 children of the NH group and 36 children from the CI group. In the third stage, the inter-list equivalency and test-retest reliability of word lists across lexical properties were determined, and the correlations of Mandarin LNT and MLNT with other measures and inter-rater reliability were also investigated.

Results

Word recognition scores were higher among disyllables than among monosyllables. Lexically “easy” disyllabic words were better recognized than their “hard” counterparts and the monosyllables among two groups of children. However, no lexical effects on word recognition of Mandarin monosyllables were observed for either group. No significant differences were found among word lists in each combination of syllable structure and lexical property. Inter-rater reliability, inter-list equivalency, and test-retest reliability were revealed. The Mandarin LNT and MLNT were found to be highly reliable measures of spoken word recognition (r = 0.84; p < 0.01) with acceptable equivalency between lists (r = 0.638-0.876).

Conclusion

Lexical effects on Mandarin word recognition were only demonstrated among disyllabic words by NH and the CI children, while Mandarin homophones appearing in monosyllabic words were suggested. Lexical effects on spoken word recognition in Mandarin are not substantially demonstrated as in English, but the Mandarin LNT and MLNT provided reliable information on the spoken word recognition of pediatric CI users in the initial stage after implantation as well as in the rehabilitation progress.     

The development of Cantonese Lexical Neighborhood Test: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at developing a theoretically driven open-set speech recognition test for pediatric clinical population of cochlear implant and/or hearing aid users, with Cantonese Chinese as their first language, to track progress in speech recognition performance as an outcome measurement of their rehabilitation. METHODS: Six monosyllabic and six disyllabic word lists were generated from the Cantonese CHILDES language database, constructed according to the Neighborhood Activation Model. There were three lexically "easy" and three lexically "hard" word lists in each sub-test, with 25 items in each list. Four pediatric cochlear implant users and 10 hearing aid users, with bilateral congenital severe to profound sensorineural hearing impairment and below the age of 10, participated in the study. Their performances on word recognition and phoneme recognition with the new test lists, as well as the inter-list equivalency, inter-rater reliability, and face validity of the new materials, were investigated. RESULTS: Word recognition was higher among disyllables than monosyllables. Lexically "easy" disyllabic words were better recognized than their "hard" counterparts and the monosyllables. No significant difference was noted among the three lists in each combination of syllable structure and lexical property. High inter-rater reliability, as well as high correlation between Cantonese LNT score and a receptive vocabulary test score, were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: These newly developed test lists provided reliable information on spoken word recognition of pediatric hearing prosthesis users with severe to profound hearing impairment. Inter-list equivalency and inter-rater reliability allowed monitoring of rehabilitation progress on such specific pediatric clinical population with this new test. (255).     

人工耳蜗植入儿童听觉康复效果观察

目的观察语前聋患儿在人工耳蜗开机后一年内听觉能力的发展状况,为康复教学工作提供参考。方法对52例在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院进行人工耳蜗植入手术并开机和定期调机的患儿,于开机后半年和一年时分别进行声场评估,得到每位患儿的术后平均听闽,同时由康复教师对患儿进行韵母、声母、声调、单音节词、双音节词、三音节词、短句和选择性听取等8项评估。使用SPSS10．0统计学软件对半年和一年时各项评估结果进行组内纵向统计学比较,并分别就两次言语识别能力评估中音节要素、词语方面各自所含测试项进行组间横向统计学比较。结果开机后半年与一年患几的平均听阈无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。各单项识别率开机后半年与一年纵向比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。组间横向比较,开机半年及一年时,韵母识别能力始终优于声母、声调识别能力,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,单音节词识别能力相对弱于双音节词、三音节词识别能力,差异亦具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;两次评估中,选择性听取能力始终落后于其他各项。结论听觉康复过程符合从声音察觉、感知再到理解的规律,对语言的理解识别也符合先简单后复杂的规律,即从音节要素到词语、再到短句。康复过程需有侧重,人工耳蜗开机后前半年需注重听觉感知能力的提高,而后半年需注重对语言理解能力的培养。     

人工耳蜗植入患者术后汉语声韵调识别能力临床分析

目的分析人工耳蜗（CI）植入患者术后普通话单音节声母、韵母、声调的识别能力差异,对比单双侧植入和植入时长对单音节识别的影响。方法选取单侧和双侧CI患者共63例,其中男35例,女28例,平均年龄（23.45±16.30）岁,CI植入时长（2.81±2.41）年。使用信度效度经已认证的单音节识别测试材料进行测试,记录每个患者声母、韵母、声调和总体的识别率得分情况。结果共获得70个测试结果：CI患者对声母、韵母和单音节总识别率均低于声调识别率且差异具有统计学意义（P=0.000 3;P=0.000 3;P=0.030 3）。对单音节总识别率超过50%的CI患者,声调识别率相比声母、韵母、单音节识别率显著性增高（P<0.005）。对于总识别率小于50%的患者,虽然声韵母识别率均低于声调识别率,但仅有韵母和声调之间差异具有统计学意义（P=0.018 9）。单双侧CI患者声调识别率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),患者佩戴时长与单音节识别的相关性较弱。结论CI患者的声调识别效果较单音节以及声母和韵母更具有优势,声调识别会在使用CI一定时间后趋于较高水平。植入侧别对其影响较小。     

Psychometrically equivalent mandarin bisyllabic speech discrimination materials spoken by male and female talkers

The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Mandarin bisyllabic word lists for use in measurement of speech discrimination. Familiar bisyllabic words were digitally recorded by male and female talkers of Standard Mandarin. Percentage of correct word recognition was measured for each word at ten intensity levels (?5 to 40 dB HL) in 5 dB increments using 20 normally hearing subjects. Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest logistic regression slopes were included in four psychometrically equivalent word lists of 50 words each, and eight half-lists of 25 words each. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. Digital recordings of the psychometrically equivalent word recognition lists are available on compact disc.     

开放式言语评估系统单音节材料在人工耳蜗植入者中等价性的初步分析

目的：验证开放式言语评估系统中单音节言语测听材料用于人工耳蜗植入者各表间的等价性。方法在声场安静的环境中测试50例人工耳蜗植入者（年龄25．78±10．43岁,使用人工耳蜗时间43．42±49．15月）开放式言语评估系统中10张音位平衡单音节词表的言语识别率,应用RM －ANOVA测试分析其表间等价性。结果50例人工耳蜗植入者10张词表平均言语识别率依次分别为55．68％±21．50％、52．88％±22．70％、51．72％±22．57％、53．48％±22．97％、52．30％±22．96％、51．80％±22．28％、53．20％±21．11％、54．76％±22．85％、52．46％±20．83％、52．16％±22．98％,10张词表之间平均言语识别率差异有显著统计学意义（ F＝2．536,P＝0．008＜0．05）,去掉词表1时,平均言语识别率差异无统计学意义（ F＝1．391,P＝0．199）,表明词表2～10九张表之间有良好的等价性。结论本言语评估系统中的第2～10组单音节言语测试材料之间具有良好的等价性,可应用于科研及临床对汉语人工耳蜗植入者的言语评估。     

听神经病患者普通话单音节识别错误模式分析

目的 分析听神经病(auditory neuropathy,AN)患者单音节识别测试的错误模式,总结AN患者在言语识别障碍方面的特点,探讨单音节言语识别测试对于AN诊断的作用.方法 AN患者16例,共32耳;根据听力图曲线分为两个亚组:上升型听力组(15耳)和非上升型听力组(17耳).感音神经性聋患者22例(共32耳)作为对照组.使用自行编制的言语测试材料在较高的测试强度下进行单侧单音节识别测试,记录每个测试耳的单音节识别得分和错误模式.错误模式分为8种:仅声母错、仅韵母错、仅声调错、声母错+韵母错、声母错+声调错、韵母错+声调错、声韵调全错、无反应.结果 AN患者单音节总体识别得分低于感音神经性聋患者(P<0.001).上升型听力的AN患者其单音节识别率、声母、韵母、声调识别率与对照组感音神经性聋患者差异无统计学意义;非上升型听力的AN患者单音节识别率、声母、韵母、声调识别率均低于感音神经性聋患者(P值均<0.001).AN患者与感音神经性聋患者的单音节识别错误模式构成比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),前者涉及声调识别的错误所占比例较大.上升型听力AN患者单音节识别率和声母、韵母、声调识别率均高于非上升型听力AN患者(P值均<0.001).上升型听力AN患者与非上升型听力AN患者的单音节识别错误模式构成比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),前者涉及声调和韵母的识别错误所占比例较大.结论 普通话四声识别能力差是AN患者区别于感音神经性聋患者的一个重要特征.上升型听力AN患者与非上升型听力AN患者在单音节识别率、韵母和声调错误所占比例等方面存在特征性差异.心理物理测试对AN的诊断具有潜在的重要作用.     

Psychometrically equivalent Mandarin bisyllabic speech discrimination materials spoken by male and female talkers

The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Mandarin bisyllabic word lists for use in measurement of speech discrimination. Familiar bisyllabic words were digitally recorded by male and female talkers of Standard Mandarin. Percentage of correct word recognition was measured for each word at ten intensity levels ( -5 to 40 dB HL) in 5 dB increments using 20 normally hearing subjects. Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest logistic regression slopes were included in four psychometrically equivalent word lists of 50 words each, and eight half-lists of 25 words each. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. Digital recordings of the psychometrically equivalent word recognition lists are available on compact disc.     

200 years testing hearing disorders with speech, 50 years german speech audiometry -- a review

FROM THE BEGINNIGS TO CLASSICAL SPEECH TESTS: The need for classification of different degrees of hearing disorders first arose when it seemed possible to treat deafness. Grapengiesser in Berlin 1801 had applied galvanic current to the ears of deaf children and reported some success. Pfingsten in Kiel in 1804 using this method was the first to use speech in diagnosing different degrees of deafness. He divided speech sounds into three classes: vowels, voiced consonants and voiceless consonants. Itard in Paris in 1821 gave a classification of five classes according to which sounds could be perceived, starting from normal speech to thunder and the bang of a gun. Schmalz in Dresden 1846 noted the range within which speech was understood thus introducing the concept of hearing distance. Helmholtz in 1863 had demonstrated that vowels are composed of pure tones. Wolf in Frankfurt 1871 tried to align all speech sounds from the lowest frequency (tongue-R = 16 Hz) to the highest (sh = 4096 Hz) and measured the hearing distance for each sound. Following these suggestions word lists based on the predominant frequencies were compiled in a number of languages including Japanese. SPEECH AUDIOMETRY: This chapter is devoted to Karl Heinz HahIbrock, Freiburg, who was the founder of the German speech audiometry. Hahlbrock followed the American authors of the Psycho-acoustic Laboratory at Harvard, in particular J. P. Egan (1948), using statistical methods for composing lists of words based on the relative frequency of speech sounds and phonetically balanced between the different groups. He finally presented a test comprising groups of two-digit numbers and monosyllabic words. Hahlbrock died in 2003 exactly fifty years after the presentation of his test. A short account of his life is given. THE FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENT: In the following years various other types of speech tests were elaborated using sentences, distorted speech, diotic and dichotic presentation partly aimed at fitting hearing aids, partly with the aim to diagnose central hearing disorders. Hahlbrock's test, however, remained the standard for evaluating speech reception and discrimination. DISCUSSION: One of the fundamental problems in testing speech discrimination is that there is no catalogue of phonemes common to all languages or regional accents. Untrained not native speakers often do no perceive certain sounds having a partial auditory agnosia. They cannot distinguish between e. g. 'hand' and 'and' or 'end' and 'ant', but the examiner must decide if the word presented was repeated correctly or not.     

Saudi Arabic Speech Audiometry

Phonetically balanced monosyllabic classical Arabic word lists were chosen to construct a Saudi Arabic speech test. These words were taken from primary school books, daily newspapers and children's stories. They were first evaluated by our students for their familiarity and homogeneity and then divided into six sub-groups of 20 words each. The normal speech-audiometric curves obtained from our students (normally hearing subjects) with this material are similar to normal curves obtained with most European and American monosyllabic word lists. The threshold of intelligibility for our test material was also found to be similar to that of most foreign languages using monosyllabic word lists under the same conditions.     

Reliability of threshold, slope, and PB max for monosyllabic words

The Auditec recordings of the CID W-22 monosyllables were used to generate test and retest intelligibility functions on normally hearing listeners and subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The normally hearing subjects were tested with 50-word lists at SPLs ranging from 15 to 50 dB. Lists of 25 words were used with the hearing-impaired group. The functions were analyzed to assess the reliability of threshold (50% point), slope (20%-80% points), and maximum intelligibility (PB max). The 50% point was obtained at 28 dB SPL for the normally hearing listeners and at a sensation level (SL) of 12 dB respondaic thresholds for the hearing-impaired group. Very stable monosyllabic thresholds were found because 95% of the test-retest values were within 6 dB for both subject groups. Slopes of 4.9% per dB and 2.7% per dB were obtained for the normally hearing and hearing-impaired groups, respectively. Fair reliability was observed; 95% of the test-retest values encompassed a range of +/- 1.9% per dB for the normally hearing subjects and +/- 1.1% per dB for the hearing-impaired group. Although group slopes provide useful information for selecting the range and step size for generating psychometric functions, the value of routinely obtaining slope on an individual basis has not been demonstrated. Even though the same word lists were used for both test and retest measurements, reliability closely agreed with predicted results based on the binomial theorem. In contrast to the large variability for a single list of 25 words, very stable PB max scores were found when two or three scores were averaged on the plateau of the function.     

Word recognition materials for native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin

PURPOSE: To select, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate word recognition materials that can be used to measure the speech perception abilities of native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin in quiet. METHOD: Frequently used bisyllabic words produced by male and female talkers of Taiwan Mandarin were digitally recorded and subsequently evaluated using 20 native listeners with normal hearing at 10 intensity levels (-5 to 40 dB HL) in increments of 5 dB. RESULTS: Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest psychometric slopes were divided into 4 lists and 8 half-lists that were relatively equivalent in psychometric function slope. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. CONCLUSIONS: Digital recordings of the word recognition lists and the associated clinical instructions are available on CD upon request.     

普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表的编制

目的 根据心理语言学言语听辨领域的邻域激活模型(neighborhood activation model,NAM)理论,编制开放式的普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表(mandarin monosyllable lexical neighborhood test,M-LNT-monosyllabie).方法 根据邻域激活模型对"难词"和"易词"的定义,计算儿童口语语料中各单音节词的出现频率和邻居词汇数日,获得出现频率和邻居词数目的 中位数,依据汉语语音和词性特点,编制出普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表.选择3～5岁听力正常儿童34名为受试者,进行词表的初步验证.结果 儿童日常口语语料库中包括1 979个单音节词,出现频率从1至4 855,中位数为7;目标词邻居词数目从1至112,中位数为29.根据邻域激活模型定义出易词487个和难词419个.最终选择120个词作为测试条目,编制3张易词表,每张20个词;3张难词表,每张20个词;1张练习表,10个词.经统计学分析,3张易词表间和3张难词表间各测试条目出现频率、邻居词数、34名受试者测试得分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);易词表和难词表间测试得分差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 词汇相邻性言语测试结果可提供儿童语音感知信息,难易词表间的结果差异可反映儿童单音节词汇听辨能力的发育状况.