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1.
De Bolle M De Clercq B Decuyper M De Fruyt F 《Child psychiatry and human development》2011,42(6):694-711
The tripartite model (in Clark and Watson, J Abnorm Psychol 100:316–336, 1991) comprises Negative Affect (NA), Positive Affect (PA), and Physiological Hyperarousal (PH), three temperamental-based dimensions.
The current study examined the tripartite model’s assumptions that (a) NA interacts with PA to predict subsequent depressive
(but not anxiety) symptom developments and (b) NA interacts with PH to predict subsequent anxiety (but not depressive) symptom
developments in a sample of 243 community and referred children and adolescents (42.8% boys; M age = 10.87 years, SD = 1.83).
Results confirmed that individuals with a combined high NA/low PA profile display the least favorable course of depressive
–but not anxiety- symptoms. In contrast with the model, the combination of NA and PH influenced the development of depression,
but not anxiety. Relations were not moderated by sex or sample. Results revealed that the assessment of the tripartite components
is warranted as it can help to identify children at risk for an unfavorable depressive symptom course. 相似文献
2.
Betty Van Roy Hanne Kristensen Berit Groholt Jocelyne Clench-Aas 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(5):407-415
Background Social anxiety has been frequently studied in both population- and clinical-based adult and adolescent samples. Corresponding
research in children is scarce and is dominated by clinical studies. The aim of the present population-based study was to
examine the prevalence of significant social anxiety (SSA) in preadolescent children and compare their characteristics with
those of children without SSA. The spectrum of social anxiety is explored by comparing children with different levels of social
anxiety, as defined by 1–2 versus 3–5 social situations feared.
Method The sample consisted of 14,497 parents and their 3rd–7th grade children (8–13 years old) who participated in a health profile
study, including questions covering DSM-IV criteria A–D for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Socio-demographic data, social
and school functioning, somatic complaints, parent–child relationships, and use of health services were added to a logistic
regression model to explore characteristics associated with children with, and without SSA. Associated emotional and behavioural
problems were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) using parent and self-report.
Results Parents described 2.3% of all children as significantly socially anxious and 0.9% feared at least three social situations.
The majority of children with SSA managed their everyday life well. However, compared with children without SSA, children
with SSA struggled more often in different areas of life and showed a significantly higher prevalence of associated emotional
and behavioural symptoms. Our findings also support the notion of social anxiety as a spectrum concept.
Conclusions Social anxiety problems start in childhood and can be impairing, even in non-clinical populations and in reasonably young
age groups. Increased awareness of different aspects of social anxiety is needed to identify children who are at risk and
to devise appropriate interventions to improve the immediate and long-term outcome. 相似文献
3.
Recognizing facial affect is essential for effective social functioning. This study examines emotion recognition abilities in children aged 7–13 years with High Functioning Autism (HFA = 19), Social Phobia (SP = 17), or typical development (TD = 21). Findings indicate that all children identified certain emotions more quickly (e.g., happy < anger, disgust, sad < fear) and more accurately (happy) than other emotions (disgust). No evidence was found for negative interpretation biases in children with HFA or SP (i.e., all groups showed similar ability to discriminate neutral from non-neutral facial expressions). However, distinct between-group differences emerged when considering facial expression intensity. Specifically, children with HFA detected mild affective expressions less accurately than TD peers. Behavioral ratings of social effectiveness or social anxiety were uncorrelated with facial affect recognition abilities across children. Findings have implications for social skills treatment programs targeting youth with skill deficits. 相似文献
4.
Melissa L. McPheeters Alaina Davis J. Richard NavarreII Theresa A. Scott 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2011,41(5):646-653
The objective is to estimate prevalence of parent-reported depression or anxiety among children with ASD, and describe parental
concerns for their children. The design is Analysis of National Survey of Children’s Health, 2003–2004. The participants are
a national sample of 102,353 parents. 311,870 (544/100,000) parents of children ages 4–17 in the US reported that their child
was diagnosed with autism. 125,809 also reported that their child had depression or anxiety (219/100,000). These parents report
substantially higher concerns about their child’s self-esteem, academic success, and potential to be bullied. Clinicians should
take into account that children with ASD may face increased risk of depression or anxiety in adolescence. Coordinated care
addressing social and emotional health in addition to clinical attention is important in this population. 相似文献
5.
Jennifer L. Allen Judith Blatter-Meunier Antonia Ursprung Silvia Schneider 《Child psychiatry and human development》2010,41(6):649-662
This report describes the feasibility and psychometric properties of the child version of the Separation Anxiety Daily Diary
(SADD-C) in 125 children (ages 7–14 years) from German-speaking areas of Switzerland. Children with separation anxiety disorder
(SAD; n = 58), “other” anxiety disorders (n = 36), and healthy controls (n = 31) recorded the frequency of parent–child separations, along with associated anxiety, thoughts, reactions and subsequent
parental responses. Compliance rates were modest, consistent with past research on self-report diaries with anxious children.
The SADD-C was better at discriminating children with SAD from controls than “other anxious” children. The SADD-C demonstrated
good convergent validity with maternal and child self-reported anxiety (Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale, Separation Anxiety
Inventory) and perceived quality of life (Inventory for Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents). Results provide support
for the SADD-C as an acceptable and valid method of assessing child symptoms and parent behavior on separation. Findings are
discussed with regard to the clinical utility of the SADD-C and strategies to improve compliance. 相似文献
6.
Cheng-Fang Yen Pinchen Yang Yu-Yu Wu Fan-Ching Hsu Chung-Ping Cheng 《Child psychiatry and human development》2010,41(3):342-352
The aims of this study were to examine the factor structure, internal consistency 1 month test–retest reliability and the
discriminant validity for the diagnosis of anxiety disorder of the Taiwanese version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale
for Children (MASC-T). A total of 12,536 Taiwanese children and adolescents in the community were recruited to examine the
adequacy of the original four-factor structure of the MASC-T by confirmatory factor analysis and the internal-consistency
reliability by Cronbach’s alpha across gender and age. The 1 month test–retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation
coefficients (ICC) in 105 children and adolescents in the community. The discriminant validity of the MASC-T for the diagnosis
of anxiety disorder was examined in 132 children and adolescents from clinical units. The results of this study supported
the four-factor structure of the MASC-T in Taiwanese children and adolescents and the four-factor structure was invariant
across gender and age. The 1 month test–retest reliability of the MASC-T was in the satisfactory to excellent range and the
internal consistency reliability of the Physical Symptoms, Harm Avoidance, and Social Anxiety scales was acceptable. The discriminant
validity of the total MASC-T and the anxiety disorder index for the diagnosis of any anxiety disorder was also confirmed.
These results indicate that the MASC-T is appropriate for assessing anxiety in Taiwanese children and adolescents. 相似文献
7.
This study examines the psychometric properties of three recently published anxiety measures, including their incremental validity in predicting adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior. One hundred and eighteen adolescents aged 12-18 completed measures of anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and suicidal ideation and behavior. All of the anxiety scales showed limitations. For example, most of the anxiety scales appeared to lack divergent validity with regard to measures of depression and positive affect. Scales in the panic domain predicted suicidal ideation after controlling for depression. Surprisingly, scales in the social phobia domain were related to lower levels of suicidal behavior after controlling for depression and suicidal ideation. The implications of these results for research on adolescent suicide and the assessment of adolescent anxiety are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Ranta K Junttila N Laakkonen E Uhmavaara A La Greca AM Niemi PM 《Child psychiatry and human development》2012,43(4):574-591
The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of social anxiety and the psychometric properties of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) among Finnish adolescents, 13–16 years of age. Study 1 (n = 867) examined the distribution of SAS-A scores according to gender and age, and the internal consistency and factor structure of the SAS-A. In a subsample (n = 563; Study 2) concurrent and discriminant validity of the SAS-A were examined relative to the Social Phobia Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Test–retest stability was examined over a 30-month period by repeated measures every 6 months in another subsample (n = 377; Study 3). Results mostly revealed no gender differences in social anxiety, except that boys reported more general social avoidance and distress than girls. Older adolescents (14–16-year-olds) reported higher social anxiety than younger adolescents (12–13-year-olds). Internal consistency for the SAS-A was acceptable for both genders and for all three SAS-A subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the original 18-item three-factor structure of the SAS-A, accounting for 61% of the variance between items. Evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity was found. Test–retest stability over 6 months was satisfactory. Results support the reliability and validity of the Finnish adaptation of the SAS-A, and further indicate that gender differences in adolescents’ social anxiety may vary across Western countries. 相似文献
9.
Floor V. A. van Oort Frank C. Verhulst Johan Ormel Anja C. Huizink 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2010,19(6):483-491
For prevention of anxiety in children and adolescents, it is important to know whether family stress is a predictor of anxiety.
We studied this in 1,875 adolescents from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) who were followed up
for 2 years, from age 10–12 to 12–14 years. Adolescents reported anxiety and depression symptoms at both assessments, and
parents reported family stress (family dysfunction and parenting stress) at the first assessment. Family dysfunction was not
associated with future anxiety, whereas high parenting stress was. Furthermore, family dysfunction was more strongly associated
with anxiety than with depression, whereas parenting stress was more strongly associated with depression. Level of parental
psychopathology explained part of the association of family stress with anxiety. The associations were modest and the understanding
of the origins of adolescents’ anxiety will require identifying other factors than family stress that account for more of
the variance. 相似文献
10.
The Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire (BIQ) is a parent-rating scale for measuring temperamental characteristics referring
to shyness, fearfulness, and withdrawal in young, preschool children. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties
of the BIQ in a Dutch community sample of children with a broad age range. For this purpose, the reliability and validity
of the BIQ was evaluated in three age groups: 4–7-year-olds, 8–11-year-olds, and 12–15-year-olds. The results indicated that
the internal consistency of most BIQ scales was satisfactory in all three age groups. Principal component analysis of the
BIQ yielded a six-factor model that was largely in keeping with the hypothesized structure consisting of the social and non-social
components of behavioral inhibition. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this model provided a reasonable fit for
the data. Further, support for the validity of the measure was obtained in all age groups. That is, BIQ scores were positively
correlated with a wide range of anxiety symptoms, although the most substantial links were found for symptoms of social anxiety.
Finally, a self-report version of the BIQ, which was administered to children aged 9 years and above, was found to possess
good internal consistency and adequate parent–child agreement. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that suggests
that the BIQ might be a reliable and valid measure for assessing behavioral inhibition not only in preschoolers but also in
older children and adolescents. 相似文献
11.
Daniel M. Cheron Jill T. Ehrenreich Donna B. Pincus 《Child psychiatry and human development》2009,40(3):383-403
This investigation seeks to establish the psychometric properties of an adapted measure of experiential avoidance (EA) in
the parenting context by assessing its relation to other parenting constructs and psychosocial correlates of child anxiety
in a clinical sample. Participants were 154 children (90 female, 64 male) diagnosed with anxiety disorders and their parents
(148 mothers, 119 fathers). The newly developed Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ) was administered to parents
along with self-report measures of adult experiential avoidance, parental psychopathology, affective expression, and parental
control behaviors. A subsample of participants, n = 35, were re-administered the PAAQ to assess temporal stability. Factor analysis of the PAAQ yielded a two-factor solution
with factors labeled Inaction and Unwillingness. Temporal stability of the PAAQ was found to be moderate, r = .68–.74. Internal consistency was fair across subscales of the PAAQ, α = .64–.65. Correlational analysis of the PAAQ and parent-report measures support the criterion validity of the PAAQ, suggesting
that the PAAQ correlates with parent-report measures of parental locus of control, affective expression, and controlling parental
behaviors as well as child psychopathology symptoms. Finally, the clinical applicability of the PAAQ is indicated by the PAAQ’s
ability to predict a significant amount of variance in parent- and clinician-rated levels of child anxiety and related psychopathology. 相似文献
12.
Shella Schirman Sefi Kronenberg Alan Apter David Brent Nadine Melhem Nimrod Pick Miri Carmel Amos Frisch Abraham Weizman Doron Gothelf 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2010,117(1):139-145
To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of citalopram for the acute treatment of children and adolescents suffering from
depression and/or anxiety disorders. As much as 78 outpatients, aged 7–18 years with a diagnosis of depressive and/or anxiety
disorder, completed an 8-week open trial with citalopram (20–40 mg/day). Outcome, side effects and suicidality were assessed
weekly to bi-weekly using appropriate rating scales. At endpoint 56% of subjects were found to be responders (Clinical Global
Impression-Improvement [CGI-I] Scale ≤ 2). Subjects with less severe psychopathology and subjects with anxiety disorders showed
a more favorable response. As much as 43% of depressed and 51% of anxious subjects had a 50% or greater reduction in scores
on our secondary outcome measures, Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related
Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Most reported adverse events were mild to moderate and did not affect medication adherence.
No increase in suicidality was observed during the study. Citalopram was moderately effective, generally well tolerated and
safe for the acute treatment of depressed and anxious children and adolescents. 相似文献
13.
Sung M Ooi YP Goh TJ Pathy P Fung DS Ang RP Chua A Lam CM 《Child psychiatry and human development》2011,42(6):634-649
We compared the effects of a 16-week Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) program and a Social Recreational (SR) program on
anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Seventy children (9–16 years old) were randomly assigned to either
of the programs (n
CBT = 36; n
SR = 34). Measures on child’s anxiety using the Spence Child Anxiety Scale—Child (SCAS-C) and the Clinical Global Impression—Severity
scale (CGI-S) were administered at pre-, post-treatment, and follow-ups (3- and 6-month). Children in both programs showed
significantly lower levels of generalized anxiety and total anxiety symptoms at 6-month follow-up on SCAS-C. Clinician ratings
on the CGI-S demonstrated an increase in the percentage of participants rated as “Normal” and “Borderline” for both programs.
Findings from the present study suggest factors such as regular sessions in a structured setting, consistent therapists, social
exposure and the use of autism-friendly strategies are important components of an effective framework in the management of
anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD. 相似文献
14.
Jeffrey Roelofs Lea Rood Cor Meesters Valérie te Dorsthorst Susan Bögels Lauren B. Alloy Susan Nolen-Hoeksema 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2009,18(10):635-642
The present study sought to test predictions of the response styles theory in a sample of children and adolescents. More specifically,
a ratio approach to response styles was utilized to examine the effects on residual change scores in depression and anxiety.
Participants completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of rumination, distraction, depression, and anxiety
at baseline (Time 1) and 8–10 weeks follow-up (Time 2). Results showed that the ratio score of rumination and distraction
was significantly associated with depressed and anxious symptoms over time. More specifically, individuals who have a greater
tendency to ruminate compared to distracting themselves have increases in depression and anxiety scores over time, whereas
those who have a greater tendency to engage in distraction compared to rumination have decreases in depression and anxiety
symptoms over time. These findings indicate that a ratio approach can be used to examine the relation between response styles
and symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-clinical children and adolescents. Implications of the results may be that engaging
in distractive activities should be promoted and that ruminative thinking should be targeted in juvenile depression treatment. 相似文献
15.
Badaruddin DH Andrews GL Bölte S Schilmoeller KJ Schilmoeller G Paul LK Brown WS 《Child psychiatry and human development》2007,38(4):287-302
Archival data from a survey of parent observations was used to determine the prevalence of social and behavioral problems
in children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Parent observations were surveyed using the Child Behavior Checklist
(CBCL) for 61 children with ACC who were selected from the archive based on criteria of motor development suggesting a relatively
high general level of functioning. Younger children with ACC (ages 2–5) were rated as primarily having problems with sleep.
Older children with ACC (ages 6–11) manifested problems in attention, social function, thought, and somatic complaints. The
older children with ACC were also compared to CBCL data from 52 children with autism who were selected from a previous study.
Children with ACC were generally less impaired than children with autism on nearly all scales, with significantly less severe
problems in the areas of attention, anxiety/depression, social function, and unusual thoughts. A further questionnaire related
to diagnostic criteria for autism indicated that some children with ACC had traits that are among those that contribute to
the diagnosis of autism within the domains of social interaction and social communication, but fewer who manifest repetitive
and restricted behaviors. 相似文献
16.
Sally Clifford Cheryl Dissanayake 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2009,39(10):1369-1380
The relationship between dyadic (eye contact and affect) and triadic (joint attention) behaviours in infancy, and social responsiveness
at pre-school age, was investigated in 36 children with Autistic Disorder. Measures of eye contact and affect, and joint attention,
including requesting behaviours, were obtained retrospectively via parental interviews and home videos from 0- to- 24-months
of age. Concurrent measures (3–5 years) included social responsiveness to another’s distress and need for help. Early dyadic
behaviours observed in home videos, but not as reported by parents, were associated with later social responsiveness. Many
triadic behaviours (from both parent-reports and home video) were also associated with social responsiveness at follow-up.
The results are consistent with the view that early dyadic and triadic behaviours, particularly sharing attention, are important
for the development of later social responsiveness. 相似文献
17.
Cho SC Jung SW Kim BN Hwang JW Shin MS Kim JW Chungh DS Kim HW 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2009,18(1):60-64
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperament and character of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
in samples from Korean community. The study subjects were children and adolescents diagnosed with social phobia (n = 66), separation anxiety disorder (n = 47), specific phobia (n = 415), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 42) with the diagnostic interview schedule for children, version IV (DISC-IV) in representative community samples. Among
these, we excluded other psychiatric disorder comorbid samples, with the exception of externalizing disorders. We assessed
the subjects of each anxiety group using the junior temperament and character inventory (JTCI). Social phobias were significantly
associated with high harm avoidance and low self-directedness on the JTCI. The association of specific phobias with high harm
avoidance, and obsessive–compulsive disorder with low self-directedness was also significant. Separation anxiety disorder
was not associated with any temperament and character on the JTCI. Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders have different
temperaments and character profiles in accordance with diagnostic groups, which implies the specific pathophysiological mechanism
of each anxiety disorder. 相似文献
18.
de Zwaan M Gruss B Müller A Graap H Martin A Glaesmer H Hilbert A Philipsen A 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》2012,262(1):79-86
Little research on the prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD has been conducted outside the United States. The aim of the
present study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in a large representative sample of the German population
aged 18–64 years (n = 1,655). Two self-rating screening instruments to assess childhood and adult ADHD symptomatology were used to estimate the
prevalence of ADHD. A 4-item screening tool was used to assess probable cases of current depression and anxiety (Patient Health
Questionnaire). The estimated crude prevalence rate of current ADHD was 4.7%. Adult ADHD was significantly associated with
lower age, low educational level, unemployment, marital status (never married and divorced), and rural residency. No association
was found with gender. Adult ADHD was strongly associated with positive screening results for depression and anxiety. ADHD
is a common disorder of adulthood, is associated with significant social impairment and psychiatric co-morbidity, and should
receive further research attention. 相似文献
19.
Kristin E. Canavera Thomas H. Ollendick Jill T. Ehrenreich May Donna B. Pincus 《Child psychiatry and human development》2010,41(6):583-594
A burgeoning body of literature addresses the comorbidity of depression and OCD in adults. The purpose of this study was to
extend this area of research to children and adolescents by examining the clinical correlates associated with co-occurring
depressive disorders in a clinical sample of youth with OCD. Participants included children and adolescents seeking treatment
at a university-based research clinic. One group was comprised of 28 children (ages 10–17 years) who met diagnostic criteria
for OCD but had no comorbid depressive disorders, whereas the second group consisted of 28 children matched for age and gender
who met diagnostic criteria for OCD and co-occurring depressive disorder. The two groups were compared on measures of broad-band
psychopathology, internalizing problems, social difficulties, and family characteristics. As anticipated, findings revealed
comorbid depression and OCD was associated with more severe internalizing problems, more extensive obsessive–compulsive symptomatology,
and more social problems. Youth with comorbid depression and OCD also had higher family conflict and lower family organization
compared to those with OCD and no depression. These results may have implications for the treatment of youth with comorbid
OCD and depression. 相似文献
20.
BackgroundPositive affect (PA) attenuates negative reactivity to stress; however, this adaptive function of PA is seldom studied in psychiatric conditions characterized by more extreme forms of affective responding. We tested distinct associations of PA and negative affect (NA) with anxiety reactivity in participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD)—a condition characterized by heightened NA and diminished PA—and non-SAD control subjects.MethodAdults with a principal diagnosis of SAD (n = 71) and those without a psychiatric history (n = 36) rated their PA and NA during the past week, and were exposed to a laboratory stressor wherein they delivered a video-recorded speech on a controversial topic. Anxiety reactivity was assessed in terms of anticipatory anxiety prior to the speech, and observer-rated anxiety-related behavior during the speech.ResultsAcross all participants, higher PA significantly predicted lower anticipatory anxiety and less anxiety-related behavior, beyond level of NA; lower NA significantly predicted attenuated anticipatory anxiety, but not anxiety-related behavior, beyond level of PA. The association between PA and stress reactivity was diminished for individuals with especially elevated NA, as well as for individuals with SAD compared to those without.ConclusionsPA may be protective against negative reactivity to social stress; however, theoretical models and clinical applications should consider possible interactive effects of PA and NA in modulating stress reactivity. 相似文献