急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗价值

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗的价值及其安全性。方法选择92例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期（72h内）行ERCP及内镜治疗（ERCP组），并与同期保守治疗40例（对照组）进行比较。结果ERCP组全部成功实施十二指肠乳头切开取石，72例胆总管结石者行网篮及气囊取石，所有92例均行鼻胆管引流，重症组10例同时行胰管支架引流。ERCP组平均腹痛消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复时间、平均住院天数及平均费用均明显低于对照组。ERCP组重症组病死率8．3％，对照组重症组病死率33．3％。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎早期ERCP治疗是安全的，能降低患者的病死率，减少患者住院天数和费用。     

急性胰腺炎复发诱因及内镜治疗

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)复发的诱因及其内镜治疗效果.方法 杏阅2002年1月至2008年12月长海医院收治的AP患者.详细记录患者临床资料;是否行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗、治疗方法及并发症.电话随访后根据是否AP复发将患者分为无复发组与复发组.分析两组致病因素及内镜治疗疗效.结果 804患者入组,其中无复发组512例(63.68%),复发组292例(36.32%).无复发组平均年龄52岁,复发组平均年龄44岁,相差显著(P<0.01).201例重症胰腺炎中,无复发组104例(20.31%),复发组97例(33.22%),复发组显著高于无复发组(P<0.01).无复发组并发胰腺假性囊肿46例,复发组44例,两组胰腺假性囊肿发生率差异显著(P<0.05).AP病因为胆源性、高三酰甘油血症是胰腺炎反复发作的危险因素.139例复发性AP患者行ERCP治疗,15例(5.15%)并发ERCP术后胰腺炎,1例(0.34%)出现十二指肠乳头切开后出血.成功随访内镜介入治疗的118例复发性AP患者,内镜治疗总缓解率为78.8%.结论 复发组发病年龄较小,重症急性胰腺炎发生率及胰腺假性囊肿发生率均高,胆源性及高三酰甘油血症为诱发AP复发的危险因素.内镜介入治疗对复发性AP同样有效.     

经内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值

目的探讨治疗性ERCP在急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）治疗及减少复发中的临床价值。方法将ABP患者依据其治疗方式，分为内镜组行ERCP治疗和对照组行常规治疗，比较其腹痛缓解时间及血、尿淀粉酶降至正常时间及肝功能恢复时间和住院天数。随访所有ABP患者，比较两组患者复发率。结果117例ABP患者中急性轻症胆源性胰腺炎患者99例（84．6％），急性重症胆源性胰腺炎患者18例（15．4％）。内镜组和对照组总例数分别为49例和68例。内镜组与对照组比较，急性轻症胆源性胰腺炎和急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的腹痛缓解时间、肝功能恢复时间、住院天数均明显缩短（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。血、尿淀粉酶恢复时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。内镜组无明显内镜治疗相关并发症发生。所有患者平均随访时间20个月（5—37个月）；7例失访，随访率94．0％。内镜组的复发率0（0／46）明显低于对照组46．8％（29／62）（P〈0．01）。结论与常规治疗比较，ERCP治疗ABP是较好方法之一，不仅疗效好、恢复较快，而且安全，并能减少胆源性胰腺炎的复发。     

慢性胰腺炎ERCP X线表现分析

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎ERCPX线征象的诊断价值.方法通过分析我院25例资料完整的慢性胰腺炎ERCP的X线表现,男16例,女19例,年龄20岁～60岁,平均38.5岁.5例经手术病理证实.17例做B超检查,诊断慢性胰腺炎7例,正确率为41.1%.结果本组重度胰腺炎6例(24%),中度胰腺炎19例(76%),轻度0例.主胰管X线表现僵直硬化17例(68%);粗细不均10例(40%);多处狭窄8例(32%);广泛扩张6例(25%);囊肿2例(8%);结石2例(8%);胰管闭塞1例(4%);正常1例(4%).25例中15例有胆系异常表现.其中胆总管结石8例,大多数伴有胆总管扩张或胆管炎.结论慢性胰腺炎ERCP的X线主要征象为主胰管的僵直硬化、粗细不均、扭曲、广泛扩张、多处狭窄.其中最有价值的是范围广泛的粗细不均和多处狭窄.如果为一处狭窄,伴有主胰管扩张时,需与胰腺癌鉴别.胰实质的假性囊肿形成与胰腺结石对慢性胰腺炎均有确诊价值.     

内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎临床观察

回顾性分析46例急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)患者经内镜治疗的临床效果,并比较治疗前后部分血清酶类水平.发现内镜诊治成功率达93.48% (43/46),无并发症,无死亡患者.治疗后,患者外周血淀粉酶、胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、脂肪酶和C反应蛋白低于治疗前.提示内镜诊治ABP效果较好,可迅速改善患者受累器官功能.     

慢性胰腺炎内镜治疗的临床研究

目的探讨内镜治疗慢性胰腺炎（CP）的治疗效果。方法研究自1997年1月至2004年12月期间在上海长海医院确诊为CP，并住院行内镜治疗的患者，随访观察其临床疗效。结果符合CP诊断标准并进行内镜下治疗的患者共296例。其中胰管括约肌单纯切开23例，胰头部胰管气囊扩张11例，胰管取石86例。138例放置主胰管支架，26例放置副胰管支架。EUS下经胃壁假性囊肿引流12例，EUS下腹腔神经节阻滞30例。224例患者腹痛症状均有不同程度缓解（P〈0．05），1周后148例患者腹痛症状缓解，其中34例（15．2％）腹痛缓解持续时间达7年。患者内镜治疗成功率100％，无严重并发症发生，体质量均有一定程度增加（P〈0．05）结论内镜治疗能有效缓解CP患者的腹痛症状，增加患者的体质量，是治疗CP的一种安全有效的手段。     

思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎

目的探讨应用思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎(AGP)的疗效.方法应用思他宁联合早期逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、经内镜鼻胆管引流(ENBD)及经内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)治疗AGP 32例,其中轻症胰腺炎21例,重症胰腺炎11例.结果治愈30例,2例重症胰腺炎内镜治疗后转外科手术治疗,1例术后死亡.结论思他宁联合内镜治疗AGP是安全和有效的,对明确诊断AGP者应及早应用思他宁及内镜介入治疗.     

ERCP术后胰腺炎的影响因素分析

目的探讨诊断性与治疗性ERCP术后引发AP的高危因素及防范措施。方法采用单因素及多因素变量分析方法，对54例行诊断与治疗性ERCP的患者进行队列研究。结果54例患者中，3例（5，6％）并发ERCP术后胰腺炎（PEP），其中1例为诊断性ERCP，2例为诊疗性ERCP，ERCP术后胰腺炎均为轻症，经内科综合治疗后均痊愈出院。与PEP相关的主要因素有多次插管、多次胰管造影、导丝多次进入胰管、导丝引导插管、术中腹痛、全胰管显影、既往有胰腺炎病史等。其中，多次插管、胰管多次造影以及术中腹痛为高危因素。结论PEP与患者自身因素及医师操作技术有关，有效避免或减少这些高危因素的发生可预防PEP。     

老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的早期内镜治疗

目的探讨早期急诊内镜治疗对老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值。方法确诊为急性重症胆源性胰腺炎的92例高龄患者,分成内镜组（n=43）和对照组（n=49）,对其血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8以及淀粉酶恢复正常时间、腹痛缓解时间、住院天数,还有并发症发生率和死亡率等指标进行比较分析。结果治疗7d后内镜组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和对照组比较下降更明显,差异有统计学意义[（45．16±13．48）μg／L比（176．89±47．35）μg／L、（31．76±13．85）μg／L比（68．48±24．87）μg／L、（113．39±63．78）μg／L比（309．86±117．13）μg／L,P均〈0．05];内镜组患者腹痛缓解时间、淀粉酶恢复正常时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[（10．2±1．7）d比（13．2±2．4）d、（3．3±1．0）d比（5．5±1．2）d、（15±1．6）d比（20±3．0）d,P均〈0．05];并发症发生率也低于对照组（5％比22％,P〈0．05）。结论早期内镜介入治疗老年急性重症胆源性胰腺炎具有微创、安全、有效的优点,能明显缓解病情的进一步发展。     

思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎

目的 探讨应用思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎(AGP)的疗效。方法 应用思他宁联合早期逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、经内镜鼻胆管引流(ENBD)及经内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)治疗AGP32例，其中轻症胰腺炎21例，重症胰腺炎11例。结果 治愈30例，2例重症胰腺炎内镜治疗后转外科手术治疗，1例术后死亡。结论 思他宁联合内镜治疗AGP是安全和有效的，对明确诊断AGP应及早应用思他宁及内镜介入治疗。     

Role of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute pancreatitis.

When assessing the indications for interventional endoscopy, obstructive and non-obstructive causes of acute pancreatitis should be distinguished. In non-obstructive (e.g. alcoholic) pancreatitis, no data are available proving any benefit for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy. In obstructive (e.g. biliary) pancreatitis, the pathogenetic role of gallstones is controversial. The vast majority of gallstones initiating biliary pancreatitis pass spontaneously through the papilla of Vater into the duodenum without causing cholangitis or obstructive jaundice. Three prospective randomized published studies have attempted to answer the question of whether urgent removal of the stone improves the prognosis of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. From these studies it can be concluded that the use of ERCP in acute biliary pancreatitis should depend on biliary symptoms: in cases of obstructive jaundice or cholangitis, bile duct stones should be removed as soon as possible; in patients without biliary complications, emergency ERCP is neither beneficial nor cost-effective; if retained stones (without biliary complications) are suspected, they can be removed electively.     

Complicated hepatic hydatid cyst and acute pancreatitis. Value of ERCP and treatment with endoscopic sphincterotomy

We present the case of a 29 year-old cholecystectomized woman with hepatic hydatid cysts who was admitted for acute pancreatitis. Echography and abdominal CAT revealed three thydatid cysts-the one in the right liver lobe being complicated-as well as pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) confirmed the suspected diagnosis of intrabiliary hydatid cyst rupture. An endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed, posterior evolution being asymptomatic, thus permitting the postponing of surgery.     

ERCP in acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the management of acute pancreatitis has evolved over years since its introduction in 1968. Its importance in diagnosing the etiology of pancreatitis has steadily declined with the advent of less invasive diagnostic tools. The therapeutic implications of ERCP in acute pancreatitis are many fold and are directed towards management of known etiological factors or its related complications. This article highlights the current status of ERCP in acute pancreatitis. DATA SOURCES: An English literature search using PubMed database was conducted on ERCP in acute pancreatitis, the etiologies and complications of pancreatitis amenable to endotherapy and other related subjects, which were reviewed. RESULTS: ERCP serves as a primary therapeutic modality for management of biliary pancreatitis in specific situations, pancreatitis due to microlithiasis, specific types of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, pancreas divisum, ascariasis and malignancy. In recurrent acute pancreatitis and smoldering pancreatitis it has a definite therapeutic utility. Complications of acute pancreatitis including pancreatic-duct disruptions or leaks, benign pancreatic-fluid collections and pancreatic necrosis can be beneficially dealt with. Intraductal ultrasound and pancreatoscopy during ERCP are useful in detecting pancreatic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The role of ERCP in acute pancreatitis is predominantly therapeutic and occasionally diagnostic. Its role in the management continues to evolve and advanced invasive procedures should be undertaken only in centers dedicated to pancreatic care.     

ERCP in acute biliary pancreatitis

The role of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute biliary pancreatitis is for many years a subject for disagreement among physicians. Although the evidence seemed to be in favor of performing ERCP, endoscopists usually hesitate to conform to the guidelines. ERCP is an invasive procedure, with complications which can affect patients' outcome. Recent evidence suggests that we should probably modify our policy, recruiting less invasive procedures, like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound, before conducting ERCP in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis. In this editorial the different aspects regarding the role of ERCP in acute biliary pancreatitis are discussed.